1980’s why did unions decline?
Answer:
Increasing market rivalry, decreased manufacturing activity, and technology innovation that has replaced human labor have all been proposed as explanations for this occurrence. While all of these variables are crucial, such explanations ignore the political and institutional components of the transition. Dec
Explanation:
IBM, the world's largest computer manufacturer, announced the first layoffs in its 80-year history in February 1993. Throughout the 1980s, the firm had seen a gradual drop in profitability and slow development due to increased foreign and local competition; personnel modification and cost reduction looked necessary. Nonetheless, IBM's decision was a significant break from the company's well-known reputation of lifetime employment. It has prided itself on looking after its personnel throughout its history. However, when seen in a larger context, what was actually surprising was that the firm had managed to avoid layoffs for so long; most of its competitors had already embraced the practice as necessary. Since the 1980s, corporate America has been subjected to waves of downsizing. Firms made layoffs amid economic downturns long before the 1980s. However, prominent US corporations' layoff policies changed dramatically in the 1980s. Previously, layoff denoted a temporary suspension of employment with the expectation that laid-off workers would be called back when economic conditions improved, but it has increasingly evolved to indicate permanent termination (see Figure 1 attachment). Furthermore, unlike in the past, even strong and lucrative businesses have begun to downsize. For example, Xerox stated in 1993 that it would lose 10,000 positions, or about 10% of its workforce, despite the fact that the firm had been successful for several years before to the announcement. Its CEO emphasized that the firm needed to be lean and adaptable in order to compete effectively. What is the cause of this dramatic shift in layoff policy among significant US corporations? Increasing market rivalry, decreased manufacturing activity, and technology innovation that has replaced human labor have all been proposed as explanations for this occurrence. While all of these variables are crucial, such explanations ignore the political and institutional components of the transition. In recent research, I show that altering inter-class power dynamics inside big US corporations were behind the shift in layoff policy. Several prior studies have found that wealthy shareholders and senior executives advocated for permanent layoffs as a way to increase shareholder value—the company's stock price. However, these studies do not paint a whole picture of the inter-class power struggle over layoff policy. They neglect how employees and labor unions resisted the modification of layoff practices and how the larger political context limited their capacity to fight while emphasizing on the involvement of shareholders and senior executives. In my research, I look at labor unions' opposition to the transition from temporary to permanent layoffs. Labor unions reportedly fought back vehemently, but given their waning political clout, it's unclear how effective their opposition was. Industrial unions, particularly in critical industrial industries like automotive and steel, previously played a crucial role in building a system of statutory laws and unwritten conventions that compelled employers to ensure that employees' job security was linked to their reciprocal commitment to the enterprise. One move that signaled this commitment was temporary layoffs followed by recall. During economic downturns, corporations used this approach to reduce employee size while workers remained loyal to their original employers. However, in the late 1970s, the industrial unionism that dictated employment policies in many big US corporations began to crumble. As the power of industrial unionism faded, a new set of ideas arose to modify US employers' employment policies. New power groups in financial markets, particularly major institutional investors (e.g., mutual and public pension funds), began to put pressure on management to improve profitability and maximize shareholder returns as many enterprises suffered from a chronic fall in market share and profitability. Firms began to actively participate in substantial downsizing in order to preserve, recover, and even enhance their stock price, owing to institutional investors' pressure and the Reagan administration's pro-business posture. This strained the relationship between employees and their bosses even further.
In the Dred Scott v. Sandford case, the Supreme Court ruled that:
A. states had the right to decide whether or not to allow slavery.
B. publicly calling for an end to slavery was illegal under federal law.
C. the federal government could not pass laws limiting slavery.
D. enslaved people had the right to sue citizens in federal courts.
In the Dred Scott v. Sandford case, the Supreme Court ruled that states had the right to decide whether or not to allow slavery. The correct option is A.
On March 6, 1857, the U.S. Supreme Court issued the Dred Scott decision, holding that Dred Scott, an slavery, was not entitled to freedom since he had resided in a free state or territory. The ruling basically concluded that Scott was not a citizen and was not eligible to file a lawsuit in a federal court since he was someone else's property.
Dred Scott was still a slave, according to the court's decision, and no African American could be a citizen. Moreover, the Missouri Compromise of 1820 was declared unlawful by the court.
Thus, the ideal selection is option A.
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1. What does samurai mean in English?
Answer:
a member of a powerful military caste in feudal Japan, especially a member of the class of military retainers of the daimyos.
Explanation:
this what it says when searched up
What’s the answer?????
Answer:
jewellery I think as they are fashion designers not like jewellers
What was the effect of the grandfather clause on African American voters in Oklahoma?
A.
African Americans could only vote if their grandfathers were still alive.
B.
African Americans could only vote if their grandfathers could also vote.
C.
African Americans could only vote if their grandfathers permitted them to.
D.
African Americans could only vote if their grandfathers voted in the same state.
Answer:
B.
Explanation:
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50 POINTS
Why do you think the constitution of 1895 was considered a setback for African American?
Answer: The key to disenfranchising Black citizens was the new suffrage clause in the 1895 constitution that extended voting rights only to men paying taxes on property assessed at $300 or more, who were also able to read and write the state constitution, and those who could prove state and precinct residency.
Explanation:
• How did the Enlightenment and the Age of Revolutions promote new ideas about rights that impacted lower class people, women, and people of African descent? Explain your answer with specific examples from this period of class, gender, and race.
• With your previous answers in mind, what were the most important accomplishments of the Enlightenment and the Age of Revolutions?
• What were the most negative things that took place during the Enlightenment and the Age of Revolutions? Explain your answer.
Answer:
Liberty referred to religious freedom, freedom of the press, and freedom from oppressive government (torture, censorship, and so on). Voltaire, Montesquieu, and Rousseau were Enlightenment writers who inspired ordinary readers, politicians, and even rulers of state all around the Western world.
Explanation:
The ideas of freedom, toleration, progress, fraternity, constitutional government, and separation of religion and state were propagated during the Enlightenment.
What was Enlightenment Age of Revolutions ?These principles go counter to the monarchs and imperial regimes that were prevalent at the period.
These principles were what initially prompted American intellectuals to reconsider submitting to and paying taxes to a monarch, which ultimately led to the American Revolution. These principles captivated the French as well, inspiring the French Revolution.
Freedom of the press, freedom of religion, and freedom from repressive government were all examples of liberty (torture, censorship, and so on). Enlightenment authors like Voltaire, Montesquieu, and Rousseau influenced common people, politicians, and even head of states throughout the Western world.
These principles go counter to the monarchs and imperial regimes that were prevalent at the period. These principles were what initially prompted American intellectuals to reconsider submitting to and paying taxes to a monarch, which ultimately led to the American Revolution.
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Prohibition, established by the Eighteenth Amendement, stated that -
Answer:
“manufacture, sale, or transportation of intoxicating liquors".
Explanation:
2. According to Jung, which two archetypes work together to create a sense of wholeness, oneness, and
completion?
Hint: These archetypes are the image of the feminine in the masculine mind and the image of the masculine in
the feminine mind.
A. Aggression and persuasion
B. Dark and light
OC. Self and others
D. Anima and animus
The two archetypes according to Jung that work together to create a sense of wholeness, oneness, and completion is Anima and animus.
What is an archetype?An archetype is an example that an individual or object copied.
It is a prototype that can be used to describe a behavior or an object.
Therefore, The two archetypes according to Jung is Anima and animus where animus represents the masculine image in women while the anima represented the feminine image in men.
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Which of the following best describes the effect of the cotton gin on slavery?
A
A
The number of enslaved people working on cotton plantations increased.
B
The number of enslaved people working on cotton plantations decreased.
c
Because the cost of growing cotton decreased, the need for slave labor remained the
same
D
Because the cotton gin reduced the labor of removing seeds, it reduced the need for
slaves to grow and pick the cotton.
Answer:
A
Explanation:
The labor and effort and time put into removing the seeds from the cotton decreased and became extremely profitable. However, the number of working slaves increased.
The effect of the cotton gin on slavery was the number of enslaved people working on cotton plantations increased. The correct option is (A).
What do you mean by the cotton plantation?An estate or plot of land used for the cultivation of specific products, including cotton, sugar, rubber, tea, and tobacco. The term "cotton plantation" is used.
Cotton is a soft, fluffy staple fibre that develops around the seeds of cotton plants of the genus Gossypium in the mallow family Malvaceae in a boll, or protective casing.
Mexico has the most varieties of wild cotton, with Australia and Africa coming in second and third. Both the Old and New Worlds independently domesticated cotton.
Therefore, the effect of the cotton gin on slavery was the number of enslaved people working on cotton plantations increased.
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Discussion Topic
Classical Greece and Rome have contributed greatly to our current understanding of democracy. In ancient Greece, citizens were directly responsible for participating in government decisions. In Rome, the citizens elected government officials to make decisions on their behalf as part of a republican government. Both systems of democracy—direct and representative—have influenced the US political system.
After learning about the history of ancient Greece and Rome, what do you think are the benefits of a democratic system? In what ways did democracy serve Greece and Rome? Has there been a time when democracy didn’t serve Greece or Rome in a way that was beneficial? What circumstances contributed to the failures of democracy you learned about in the lessons on ancient Greece and ancient Rome? Are there any potentially negative aspects of democracy? Why or why not?
help me I need this in 5 min ASAP
The benefits of a democratic system are:
The people can choose their representatives in government.The rule of law is practiced.Some periods in which democracy was not beneficial to both Greece and Rome are in periods when it took too long to come to a decision and there were different opposing views.
Some potentially negative aspects of democracy are:
A large region can influence the voting patterns based on certain factors and this is not exactly fair representation.Lack of proper political education.What is Democracy?This simply means the government of the people where the people have the power to elect their leaders and also call for their impeachment or removal if they fail in their duty.
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Which kind of figurative language is being used in this sentence? I’m afraid one of us will need to be the guinea pig this time.
A) simile
B) metaphor
C) personification
D) symbol
Answer: D) symbol
Explanation: A literary symbol is an object, a person, a situation, or an action that has a literal meaning in a story but suggests or represents other meanings.
How do the long telegram, the Truman Doctrine, and the Marshall Plan create a cohesive foreign policy? Cite specific examples to support your response.
Answer: In February 1946, George F. Kennan's transmission from Moscow was published in the Kennan-Roosevelt Telegram, which is now known as the Kennan-Roosevelt Telegram.
Explanation: Kennan's "Long Telegram" was the cornerstone of the United States' "containment" strategy against the Soviet Union for the duration of the Cold War.
can some parts of war be dignified why or why not
What are customs and beliefs that arise within a diverse culture realm made up of a variety of culture groups part of? ОА. folk culture O B. latent culture oc. popular culture OD ethnic culture
Answer: Popular culture.
Explanation:
What steps does the government always take in order to create public policy? Check all that apply.
identify a problem
develop a solution
ask for public feedback
pass a law
implement the plan
Explanation:
the answer po is all of the above
What are some of the ways King Henry II further strengthened rthe king's power in Britain? Select ALL that apply.
a. He set up a central royal court
b. He married Eleanor of Aquitaine and gained her land
c. He set up juries of citizens to settle legal disputes.
d. He seized all land from the nobles
Answer:
all correct
Explanation:
How are the bodies of the three animals similar to one another? How are they different?
primul imparat roman?
Answer:
primul imparat roman a fost Caesar Augustus
Explanation:
the first roman emperor was Caesar Augustus
i apologize if the translation is difficult to understand. i hope this helps
Which situation is an example of vertical integration?
JP Morgan encourages product research to develop better production methods.
John D. Rockefeller buys out all the competing oil businesses.
Andrew Carnegie owns all of the companies that produce goods needed to make steel.
Cornelius Vanderbilt works with other business leaders to set railroad prices.
Answer:
Andrew Carnegie owns all of the companies that produce goods needed to make steel.
Explanation:
Vertical integration is a strategy that allows a company to streamline its operations by taking direct ownership of various stages of its production process rather than relying on external contractors or suppliers.
Which achievements does the text describe? Check all
that apply.
Several Black men and women have led major
corporations.
O A Latina businesswoman founded a bank and a
marketing company.
O A Latino businessman created a housing empire.
O A Black husband and wife established an
employment agency together.
Latina businesswomen have worked as CEOs for
Fortune 500 companies.
Answer:
1, 2, 3
Explanation:
The text describes the achievements by the Black and Latino community as,
Several Black men and women have led major corporations;A Latina businesswoman founded a bank and a marketing company;A Latino businessman created a housing empire.What is the significance of the Black and Latino community?The Black and Latino community have made significant contributions to the American society. The number of their contributions have grown, especially after the end of segregation laws in the United States.
The influence of the Black and Latino community on the American society has been in diverse fields and both male and female populations have been involved in influencing the society.
Hence, options A, B and C hold true regarding Black and Latino community.
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Can somebody please help me thank you
Answer:
it eats a secondary consumer
Explanation:
i had a question similar to this but with different animals and got it correct
what falls out of dr clarks suitcase
Answer:
The answer is the Clark zapper its a therapy device that you use
Explanation:
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!!!!!!!!!!!81 points!!!!!!!!!!!!!
Briefly tell what these events were and analyze their importance in the Reconstruction era:(3 pts each)
b.The assassination of Lincoln –
c.The rise of the Ku Klux Klan –
d.The impeachment of Andrew Johnson –
The assassination of Lincoln was when Lincoln was assassinated by John Wilkes Booth in the Ford theater, this was big because he was a civil rights activist and he stopped slavery.
On August 8, 1925, more than 50,000 members of the Ku Klux Klan paraded through Washington, D.C. This was big because after the civil war white people used violence and intimidation to try and keep slaves.
The impeachment of Andrew Johnson was when the house of representatives impeached Johnson and accursed him of high crimes and misdemeanors. He survived his trial by one vote.
Describe events that show terrorism is now a major threat to U.S. national security
Answer:9/11 was a terrorist event that changed the United States forever.
Explanation: National Security increased significantly after 9/11 and terrorism has been dealt with extremely different than it did pre-9/11
Question 16 of 20
What is true of the federal level of government and the state and local level in
the creation of public policy?
A. Both set policy related to public education.
B. Both set policy related to family law.
C. Both set policy related to the economy.
D. Both set policy related to foreign countries.
SUBMIT
Answer:
A
Explanation:
Because it makes the most sense
What is the purpose of the General Assembly of the United Nations?
place for all governments to trade products
place for all governments to discuss problems
organization to control wars
organization to distribute monies to countries
Answer:
place for all governments to discuss problems
Explanation:
What was the impact of Western imperialism and how did subjugated peoples respond?
Answer:
Imperialism also brought confrontation between the cultures. By 1900, Western nations had control over most of the globe. Europeans were convinced that they had superior cultures and forced the people to accept modern or Western ways
Explanation:
What was Lewis H. Latimer?
Answer:
Lewis Howard Latimer was an inventor and patent draftsman. His inventions included an evaporative air conditioner, the light bulb with a fiber filament made of carbon, and an improved toilet system for railroad cars.
Explanation:
background of olympics
Answer: The Games have a 3,000-year history dating back to the Peloponnese in Ancient Greece. Every four years, Olympia hosted sporting events that became known as the Olympic Games. We don't know when they began, although the year 776 BC is frequently mentioned in recorded documents.
Explanation: In the summary: Every four years, Olympia hosted sporting events that became known as the Olympic Games. The Games have a 3,000-year history dating back to the Peloponnese in Ancient Greece.
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Which of the following does NOT characterize the art and architecture of the Carolingian empire?
A. The most common decorative motifs used by Carolingian artists include abstract and zoomorphic motifs especially intertwined animal and interlace patterns.
B. Carolingian illuminators revived the Greco-Roman Classical tradition of the representation of lifelike human figures.
C. Carolingian sculptors revived the imperial Roman tradition of equestrian ruler portraiture.
D. Carolingian architects looked to Ravenna and and Early Christian Rome as models, but transformed thier sources introducing new architectural elements such as westwork.
Answer: A: The most common decorative motifs used by Carolingian artists include abstract and zoomorphic motifs especially intertwined animal and interlace patterns.
Explanation: the people who did the zoomorphic stuff was the anglo-saxon ppl