Homologous recombination can be used to replace an endogenous gene with one constructed in vitro.
Homologous recombination is the genetic outcome of a physical exchange between two aligned identical DNA sections on two distinct chromosomes or on the same chromosome (HR).Most HR occurs close to the region of exchange between homologous chromosomes that have unique markers.
Any gene that consistently expresses under all experimental and developmental settings, such as genes related to metabolism, is referred to as an endogenous reference gene (HKG). This gene is also referred to as a "housekeeping gene."
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bacteria and viruses can only survive on a dry surface for about two hours true or false
Bacteria and viruses can only survive on a dry surface for about two hours is false.
The survival time of bacteria and viruses on a dry surface can vary widely depending on the type of microbe, the conditions of the surface, and the environment.
Some bacteria and viruses can survive for extended periods on dry surfaces, while others may die off quickly.
For example, non-enveloped viruses such as norovirus and adenovirus can survive for several days on dry surfaces, while enveloped viruses such as influenza and rhinovirus can survive for only a few hours on dry surfaces.
Bacteria such as Staphylococcus aureus can survive for several days on dry surfaces, while others such as Escherichia coli may only survive for a few hours.
It's important to note that some microorganisms are more resistant to survive in dry conditions than others, and the survival time can also vary based on the environmental conditions.
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Spoilage of canned foods stored at high temperatures, accompanied by gas production, is
A) Thermophilic anaerobic spoilage.
B) Flat sour spoilage.
C) Spoilage by mesophilic bacteria.
D) Caused by acid-tolerant fungi.
E) Putrefactive anaerobic spoilage.
Spoilage of canned foods stored at high temperatures, accompanied by gas production, is Thermophilic anaerobic spoilage. Correct option (a)
What is thermophilic spoilage?
Thermophilic anaerobic spoiling is produced by anaerobic Thermoanaerobacter and Thermoanaerobacterium, which produce huge amounts of H2 and CO2 gases when fermenting medium-acid canned foods at high temperatures.
What causes canned food to spoil?Yet, certain bacteria that develop in canned goods do not create gas and so do not give an odd look of the can; however, they do cause spoiling of the product. Spoilage is typically caused by the development of germs as a result of leaking or underprocessing.
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it must be done as quickly as possible!!!, I give 20 points
Johann Friedrich Miescher, a Swiss chemist, made the initial discovery of the DNA molecule in the 1860s.
Who Discovered DNA?
As a crucial aspect of our body's immune system, white blood cells, Johann set out to investigate their essential components. These cells primarily came from bandages covered in pus that were gathered from a neighboring clinic.
This unknown chemical was given the name "nuclein" by Johann. Unbeknownst to him, Johann had found DNA, the fundamental building block of all life.
Johann conducted research utilizing salt solutions to learn more about the composition of white blood cells. When he introduced acid to a cell solution, he observed that something detached from the solution.
Therefore, Johann Friedrich Miescher, a Swiss chemist, made the initial discovery of the DNA molecule in the 1860s.
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The table represents the transcription of a short peptide sequence in a human cell.
DNA: TTG CTG TGT GAG GCA GAA
RNA: AAC GAC ACA CUC CGU CUU
Protein (peptide sequence: ?
What is the expected gene product of the given nucleotide sequence when it is engineered in a bacterial plasmid?
1. Asn Asp Thr Leu Arg Leu
2. Leu Leu Cys Glu Ala Glu
3. Lys Gln Arg Asp Ala Glu
4. Phe Val Ser Leu Arg Leu
Answer:
1
Explanation:
use the chart with the condons being translated to amino acids
a solution of 100 mmole/L KCl is separated from a solution of 10 mmole/L KCl by a membrane that is very permeable to k+ ions, but impermeable to Cl- ions. How many mmole of K+ and how many Cl-?
If a membrane that is particularly permeable to K+ ions but impermeable to Cl- ions separates a solution of 100 mmole/L KCl from a solution of 10 mmole/L, the number of mmoles of K+ and Cl- on both sides will equal 100. (10 mmoles).
What is a mole?Generally, If a solution of 100 mmole/L KCl is separated from a solution of 10 mmole/L KCl by a membrane that is very permeable to K+ ions, but impermeable to Cl- ions, the number of mmoles of K+ will be the same on both sides of the membrane (100 mmoles) and the number of Cl- will also be the same on both sides of the membrane (10 mmoles).
This is because the membrane is only permeable to K+ ions
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2. Describe how the structures of the nervous system are organized in a hierarchy.
Answer:
Functionally, the nervous system is organised hierarchically; this is analogous to a business corporation with workers and managers. The hierarchy consists of effectors (sensory and motor) and different levels of information processing and integration in the spinal cord, brainstem and forebrain.
Explanation:
The structures of the nervous system are organized in a hierarchy: the brain, spinal cord, and peripheral nervous system, where the brain is at the top, regulating most all functions of the body.
What is the significance of the hierarchy in the nervous system?The hierarchy is important in all aspects, including the nervous system, as it allows a division of labor that increases the efficiency of doing the task and works together to coordinate the body, the highest level of the hierarchy is the brain, which regulates most of the functions. The spinal cord carries out the reflex actions, and they both regulate the body.
Hence, the structures of the nervous system are organized in a hierarchy: the brain, spinal cord, and peripheral nervous system, where the brain is at the top, regulating most all functions of the body.
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Why can't the CDC experiment with the virus and make a vaccine?
The CDC would not experiment with the virus and make a vaccine because of the risk of infection as well as mutation of the virus to a more deadly form.
What is a vaccine?A vaccine is a biological treatment that offers active acquired immunity against a specific infectious or cancerous disease. Numerous studies and analyses have been done to confirm the efficacy and safety of vaccines.
Vaccines can be made from weakened pathogenic organisms or parts of the pathogenic organism which are then introduced into the body to elicit an immune response.
However, some viruses are so contagious that it is risky to experiment with them in order to produce vaccines from the weakened organism or parts of the organism.
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I'm having trouble wording how I would describe the molecular change in chocolate when melted. I'm asked to explain changes I would make to a model in order to correctly show what changed the chocolate molocules freedom of movement. can anyone help?
Answer:
When chocolate melts, the molecules in the chocolate gain more freedom of movement. To correctly show this change in a model, you can add a layer of movement to the molecules, such as showing them vibrating or rotating. You can also show the molecules breaking apart and reforming into different shapes, as they gain more freedom of movement.
Explanation:
In order to transfer, an F factor must have which of the following? a. oriV and its own DNA polymerase b. oriV and tra genes c. oriT and tra genes d. oriT and its own DNA polymerase e. oriT, tra genes, and its own DNA polymerase
In order to transfer, an F factor must have oriT and tra genes.
The origin of transfer (oriT) is the sequence at which conjugative transfer of plasmid DNA is initiated and is essential for cis of plasmid recruitment.
Transformer (tra) genes regulate all aspects of somatic differentiation in Drosophila melanogaster females and are non-functional in males. We isolated the tra gene as part of a 200 kb chromosome walk.
The tra operon of the F family of conjugative plasmids encodes most of the proteins involved in bacterial conjugation. This study shows that activation of tra operon transcription requires the cooperative binding of her two proteins, TraJ and ArcA, to flanking sites immediately upstream of the major tra promoter, PY.
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Which Monomers combine to form portion of haemoglobin in red blood cells
The monomers that combine to form portion of haemoglobin in red blood cells are called the two alpha monomers and the two beta monomers.
What is haemoglobin?Haemoglobin is defined as the protein part of the red blood cells that helps in the transport of oxygen and removal of carbondioxide from the cells.
The major components of the haemoglobin include the following:
The protein component and The iron complex of a porphyrin derivative.The protein aspect.of the haemoglobin is then made up of the monomers that combine to form portion of haemoglobin in red blood cells are called the two alpha monomers and the two beta monomers.
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define different parts of eye
Sclera is the outer covering a protective tough white layer called the sclera, Cornea is the front transparent part of the sclera which light enters the eye through the cornea while Iris is a dark muscular tissue and ring-like structure behind the cornea.
What is eye?Eye is the vertebrate organ of sight composed of a pair of fluid filled spherical structures that occupy the orbits of the skull. Incoming light is refracted by the cornea of the eye and transmitted through the pupil to the lens which focuses the image onto the retina.
Therefore eye is a sensory organ It collects light from the visible world around us and converts it into nerve impulses. The optic nerve transmits these signals to the brain which forms an image so thereby providing sight
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Ahmad is a research scientist trying to secure funding for his facility. He and his colleagues specialize in the study of zoonotic diseases, but they need funding to continue their work. Which fact would Ahmad MOST likely include in his proposal for funding?
A.
The population is shrinking and research like this could hold the key to longer lifespans.
B.
Zoonotic disease cases are on the rise because a larger number of people have greater contact with wild and domestic animals.
C.
The depletion of the rain forest threatens to destroy valuable plants that could be used to create medicines.
D.
Stemming the spread of zoonotic disease will help undeveloped countries improve farming practices.
Answer:
UnlockUnlock
Explanation:
Four of the five answers listed below are heterotrophs. Select the exception.
a. fungus
b. carrot
c. earthworm
d. lobster
e. parasite
Four of the five answers listed below are heterotrophs b. carrot
What exactly are autotrophs and heterotrophs?In contrast to heterotrophs, which cannot produce their own food and must rely on autotrophs for sustenance, autotrophs are creatures that create their own food through the process of photosynthesis.
Because they lack chlorophyll, some plants must get their nutrition from other plants. These plants are referred to as heterotrophic plants because they display a heterotrophic method of feeding.
Zoo-pathogenic fungi are parasitic fungus found on animals. Numerous illnesses, including ringworm, favus, epidermophytosis, and tinea versicolor, are brought on by these fungi.
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5. A test was done to determine the biological father of a child. The child's blood
Type is A and the mother's is B. Baby Daddy #1 has a blood type of O, and Baby
Daddy #2 has blood type AB. Who is the true Baby Daddy? Explain how you
know
Start with what you know first:
child's genotype
Mother's genotype.
Daddy #1
Daddy #2_
remember that the child gets one gene from each parent
Based on the genotypes provided, it is not possible to determine who the true Baby Daddy is.
Who is the true Baby Daddy?This is because the child would need to have the same genotype as one of the two possible fathers in order for it to be determined that one of them is the true father. Since the child has a blood type of A, and neither Daddy #1 or Daddy #2 have the same type, it cannot be determined which one is the true father.The process of determining the biological father of a child is known as paternity testing. To determine paternity, the child's blood type (A) and the mother's (B) must be known. Baby Daddy #1 has a blood type of O, while Baby Daddy #2 has a blood type of AB. From this information, we can deduce that Baby Daddy #2 is the true biological father.The mother's genotype must include both an A and a B gene, since the child's blood type is A. Baby Daddy #1's genotype must contain two O genes, as his blood type is O. Baby Daddy #2 is the only possible father, since his genotype must contain one A gene and one B gene in order for the child to have a blood type of A. By testing the blood types of the mother, the potential fathers, and the child, we can determine the true biological father. This process is known as paternity testing, and it is useful for determining the legal father of a child, as well as for providing medical information to parents and their children.To learn more about paternity testing refer to:
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Which of the following phrases best summarizes Chapter 13 bankruptcy? a. discharge debt and keep property b. discharge debt and liquidate assets c. reorganize debt and keep property d. reorganize debt and liquidate assets Please select the best answer from the choices provided. A B
reorganize debt and keep property.
What is Bankruptcy?bankruptcy is a legal process involving an individual or business that is unable to pay off its debts.
The chapter 13 of the Bankruptcy Code allows for the adjustment of debts for a person with regular income and permits the debtor to maintain their property while paying off their debts gradually over a period of time, often three to five years.
A petition is filed, either on behalf of the debtor, which is more often, or on behalf of creditors, which is less frequent, to start the bankruptcy process.
Therefore, reorganize debt and keep property.
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LIMITED TIME, HELP!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!
The diagram ( image ) shows the changes in the shape of the beak in a species
of bird over a period of 300 years.
Which best explains the change shown?
Select one:
Mutations caused the birds to find new food.
Birds with long beaks had greater reproductive success.
Long-beaked birds catch more insects.
Short-beaked birds cannot find food.
Answer:
birds with long beaks had greater reproductive success
hope this was helpful
Answer:
Birds with long beaks had greater reproductive success
Explanation:
I got it right on my test.
Can someone please help grade 9 biology about photosynthesis
A plant cell's chloroplast is where photosynthesis takes place.The sun's light energy is converted throughout this procedure into chemical energy that is then stored in food.
For Grade 9, what is photosynthesis?"Green plants & a few other species prepare their food through a process called photosynthesis, which involves the utilization of water, carbon dioxide, and sunshine."Plants, algae, and some microorganisms employ the photosynthesis process to transform chemical energy into light energy.
Which four steps make up photosynthesis?The four stages of photosynthesis include light absorption, electron transfer, ATP production, and carbon fixation.The equation for the photosynthetic process is 6CO2 + 6H2O C6H12O6 + 6O2.
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Match the elements with its description
Potassium
Barium
Neon
Boron
Barium is a good heat and electrical conductor. Potassium is very reactive and malleable. possesses characteristics of both nonmetals and metals. Boron , Neon is a non-reactive gas.
Is malleable a good or bad thing?A person who is malleable is adaptable, inclined to accept other people's opinions, and lacks the self-assurance to stand up for his or her own beliefs. Being flexible is more a virtue than a flaw.
What is an illustration of flexibility?When a substance is hammered nor rolled under tension, it can form thin sheets, which is referred to as being malleable. Examples such malleable metals include lead, copper, silver, aluminum, gold, and iron.
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RIDOSOMES
Directions: Enter a '1' for true and a '2' for false.
Statement
Ribosomes are composed of rRNA and protein
Ribosomes are a membrane bound organelle only found in
eukaryotes
Ribosomes produce proteins
Ribosomes exist in the cytoplasm of all cells
Bound ribosomes produce proteins that will ultimately end up in
the cell membrane or be exported from the cell.
Answer:
2,2,1,1,1
Explanation:
Hi i would like some help assap
Answer:
the answer would be A, the nucleus!
Explanation:
the nucleus does the processing in a cell. the transcription process also occurs inside the nucleus.
im 99% pretty sure this correct, good luck! :0
Answer: ribosome
Explanation:
If you have inserted a gene in the Ti plasmid, the next step in genetic engineering is
The next step in genetic engineering after inserting a gene into the Ti plasmid is to transfer the plasmid to a host organism, confirm the stable integration of the plasmid, study the effects of the gene, and optimize gene expression before scaling up the production and purifying the protein of interest.
The next step in genetic engineering after inserting a gene into the Ti plasmid is to transfer the plasmid to a host organism.
This is typically done through a process called transformation, in which the plasmid is introduced into the host organism using various techniques such as electroporation, chemical transformation, or heat shock.
The host organism will then be able to express the new gene and produce a protein or other product encoded by the gene. Once the transformed host organism has been obtained it is necessary to confirm that the plasmid has been stably integrated into the host genome and the new gene is being expressed.
After that, the researcher would need to study the effects of the gene and its product on the host organism. Depending on the specific application, this may involve testing the host organism's growth, metabolic activity, or ability to resist disease.
The researcher may also want to optimize the expression of the new gene, this could involve optimizing the culture conditions, or using promoters or other genetic elements to increase the rate of gene expression. The final step is to scale up the production and purify the protein of interest.
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Please help. I cant figure this out
Imagine that you need to make a solution of 3% nutrient agar. You need 100 mL of the solution. How much nutrient agar do you weigh out? Show/explain your answer.
You have to weigh 8.4 g of nutrient agar to make a solution of 3% nutrient agar in 100 ml solution.
How to calculate nutrient agar?Nutrient agar weighs 28 g of powder in 1000ml, so it will weigh 2.8 g in 100ml which is 1% of the solution, so 2.8 x 3 = 8.4 g of powder to weigh for making the solution, for sterilizing provide a temperature of 121°C for 15 minutes.
The nutrient agar is used to grow the bacterial population by providing the nutrient which is essential for the bacterial population to grow.
Therefore, weigh 8.4 g of nutrient agar to make a solution of 3% nutrient agar in 100 ml solution.
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Aquarium saltwater fish must maintain a salinity level of 1.026 to match ocean water. What might happen to the fish population in an aquarium if the salinity level dropped to 1.009?
Responses
No population change
No population change
Fish population would decrease
Fish population would decrease
Fish population would increase
Aquarium saltwater fish must maintain a salinity level of 1.026 to match ocean water therefore what might happen to the fish population in an aquarium if the salinity level dropped to 1.009 is fish population would decrease which is denoted as option B.
What is Population?
This is referred to as the total number of organisms in an area at a given point in time.
In a scenario whereby the salinity is too low then it may lead to overhydration of the fishes which will cause their kidneys to shut down and die thereby leading to a decrease in their population.
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Where can I find a website that will help me study diagrams of things like the cell cycle and cell organelle recognition?
Brainly.com is one of the sites that can help study diagrams of things like the cell cycle and cell organelle recognition.
What is cell cycle?The cell cycle, or also known as the cell-division cycle, is the series of events that take place in a cell that cause it to divide into two daughter cells.
Websites such as Wikipedia will also help you to facilitate your study of diagrams of things like the cell cycle and cell organelle recognition.
The cell cycle is a four-stage process in which the cell increases in size (gap 1, or G1, stage), copies its DNA (synthesis, or S, stage), prepares to divide (gap 2, or G2, stage), and divides (mitosis, or M, stage).
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what are the characteristics of living things and how are they used to identify new discoveries?
Answer: they can make their own food and fend for themselvse
Explanation:
n
what are the parts labeled a-e? Figure 1. Electron micrograph of a young plant cell.
Mitochondria and the g plasma membrane are seen here.The response to the question is thus as follows.The cell wall, nucleus, vacuoles, mitochondria, endoplasmic reticulum, Golgi apparatus, and ribosomes are all clearly visible in this transmission electron micrograph.
What is meant by electron micrograph??Mitochondria and the g plasma membrane are seen here.The response to the question is thus as follows.The cell wall, nucleus, vacuoles, mitochondria, endoplasmic reticulum, Golgi apparatus, and ribosomes are all clearly visible in this transmission electron micrograph.Young plants' main cell walls are what they have.Cellulose makes it up.a picture made by irradiating a sample with an electron beam that is precisely focused (about 10 nm in diameter) and accelerating it in vacuum, then observing the transmitted, secondary, backscattered, and diffracted electrons as well as the distinctive X-rays that result.Especially for recording Trace evidence, micrographs are frequently employed in forensic science and engineering.To learn more about electron micrograph refer
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The purpose of Carson's book was to:
O call attention to the issue of global climate change.
Owarn people about the dangers of certain pesticides.
Oraise awareness about the dangers of oil spills.
Oraise funds for wildlife preservation.
Rachel Carson's most well-known book, Silent Spring, was published in 1962. The book issued a caution against the use of pesticides created by humans, particularly DDT dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane. During World War II, the insecticide DDT was produced in large quantities.
For what is Rachel Carson best known?The 1962 publication of Rachel Carson's book Silent Spring, a marine biologist turned nature writer, ignited the global environmental movement.
What was the subject of Rachel Carson's book?In her books on the sea, Carson discussed geologic findings made possible by submarine technology and breathing underwater, including how islands were founded, how currents alter and merge, how air temp affects sea creatures, and how erosion affects not only shorelines but salinity, fish farms, and tiny microbes.
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Characteristics of a Myth
Add ONE example from the text in rip van winkle to support the myth characteristic
(must include page numbers)
Set in the past, often in
remote or exciting places
and times
Filled with characters who
are remarkable, strange,
and/or
exaggerated
Answer:
In Washington Irving's "Rip Van Winkle," the setting of the story takes place in the remote and picturesque Kaatskill Mountains, which serves as the perfect backdrop for the mythic and supernatural elements of the story. (page 2)
The main character, Rip Van Winkle, is a remarkable, strange and exaggerated figure; he is a lazy and careless man who spends his days avoiding work and spending time in the mountains. He is also blessed with the ability to sleep for 20 years, which is a exaggerated characteristic. (page 3)
Explanation:
how many codons would be needed to code for a protein that has 50 amino acids
A codon is a sequence of three nucleotides that codes for a specific amino acid. In order to code for a protein that has 50 amino acids, it would require 50 codons.
This is because each amino acid is coded for by a specific codon, and the sequence of codons determines the sequence of amino acids in a protein. Since there are 20 common amino acids used in proteins, and the genetic code is redundant, more than one codon can code for the same amino acid.
It's important to note that the genetic code is redundant, meaning that more than one codon can code for the same amino acid, this means that the total number of codons used to code for a protein with 50 amino acids may be greater than 50.
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Arrange these images of the phases during the cardiac cycle in order starting with atrial contraction. Rank the phases of the cardiac cycle from first to last. Do not overlap any phases.
The activity of the human heart between the start of one heartbeat and the start of the next is known as the cardiac cycle. The phase from first to last (from left to right) are given in figure.
The process by which deoxygenated blood in the lungs is changed to oxygenated blood, and then the heart pumps that blood through the aorta to the rest of the body, is known as a cardiac cycle.
It consists of two phases: the diastole, which comes after the systole—a period of strong contraction and blood pumping—during which the heart muscle relaxes and replenishes.
The four phases of ventricular activity are rapid ventricular ejection, rapid ventricular filling, isovolumic contraction, and isovolumic relaxation.
The heart cycle has four main phacycleses: (1) "Isovolumic relaxation," (2) "Inflow," (3) "Isovolumic contraction," and (4) "Ejection."
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