When you are trying to discover whether there is a relationship between two categorical variables, why is it useful to transform the counts in a crosstabs to percentages of row or column totals

The statistic p-hat and the parameter p indicate the proportion of successes in a sample and the population, respectively.

Two typical metrics are the population mean and standard deviation. Greek letters, such as (mu) for the mean and (sigma) for the standard deviation, are frequently used in statistics to denote population parameters.

P′ is equal to x / n, where x is the total number of successes and n is the sample size. As a point estimate for the genuine population percentage, the variable p′ represents the sample proportion. P is a parameter that describes a population-related percentage number. For instance, according to the 2010 United States Census, 83.7% of Americans were not classified as Hispanic or Latino.

[tex]p=xn_p = x_n[/tex]

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A sample size of 200 must be obtained to be 94% confident that the true mean IQ is within 2 points of the sample mean, assuming a population standard deviation of 15.

To determine the sample size required to be 94% confident that the true mean IQ (µ) is within 2 points of the sample mean, we will use the following terms:
Confidence level (94%)
Margin of error (E) - 2 points
Population standard deviation (σ) - we need this value to calculate the sample size.
Z-score (Z) - the number of standard deviations away from the mean, corresponding to the given confidence level.
Since the standard deviation of the population (σ) is not provided, I will assume a typical value for IQ scores, which is 15.

If you have a different value, you can plug it into the formula.
Steps to determine the sample size (n):
Find the Z-score (Z) corresponding to the 94% confidence level. You can use a Z-score table or calculator. For 94% confidence level, the Z-score is approximately 1.88.
Determine the margin of error (E), which is given as 2 points.
Use the sample size formula:
[tex]n = (Z^2 * \sigma ^2) / E^2[/tex]
[tex]n = (1.88^2 * 15^2) / 2^2[/tex]
  n = (3.5344 * 225) / 4
  n = 797.52 / 4
  n = 199.38.

Round up the value of n to the nearest whole number, as you cannot have a fraction of a sample.

In this case, n = 200.

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The percent chance that a person who uses both wrenches moderately often will break both during normal use is 0.1%. This is calculated by multiplying the probabilities of breaking each wrench, which are 5% and 2%, respectively.

To find the percent chance that a person who uses both wrenches moderately often will break both during normal use, we need to use the multiplication rule of probability.

The probability of breaking both wrenches is the product of the probabilities of breaking each wrench.

Let A be the event that the first wrench breaks, and B be the event that the second wrench breaks.

The probability of A is 0.05, and the probability of B is 0.02.

Therefore, the probability of breaking both wrenches is

P(A and B) = P(A) * P(B)

P(A and B) = 0.05 * 0.02

P(A and B) = 0.001

To express this probability as a percentage, we multiply by 100

P(A and B) = 0.001 * 100

P(A and B) = 0.1%

Therefore, there is a 0.1% chance that a person who uses both wrenches moderately often will break both during normal use.

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Two sample t-tests are designed to learn if there is support for a relationship between variables when there are two independent groups and we want to compare their means.

Specifically, the two sample t-test is used to determine whether the means of two groups are significantly different from each other. The test is based on the assumption that the populations from which the samples are drawn are normally distributed, and that the variances of the two populations are equal.

If these assumptions are met, we can use the two sample t-test to test the null hypothesis that the means of the two groups are equal. The test produces a t-statistic and a p-value, which can be used to determine whether the null hypothesis should be rejected or not.

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Answer: 8

Step-by-step explanation: you multiply 4 times 2 and get 8 basic math

The mean of the given data is 194.25 and the standard deviation from the given data is 18475.6875.

(a) Given that, the size of rocks at both 5 m and 25 m from the base of the cliff.

Using given mean and standard deviation formulae, we get

Here, mean=3885/20

= 194.25

Standard deviation=369513.75/20

= 18475.6875

Therefore, the mean of the given data is 194.25 and the standard deviation from the given data is 18475.6875.

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Therefore, The number of different slates of officers that can be elected is 5,040. This is calculated using the permutation formula with 7 positions to fill and 7 members who can be elected to each position.

To find the number of different slates of officers that can be elected, we need to use the permutation formula. The formula for permutations is n!/(n-r)!, where n is the total number of items and r is the number of items selected. In this case, we have 7 positions to fill and 7 members who can be elected to each position. Therefore, the number of different slates of officers that can be elected is 7!/(7-7)! = 7! = 5,040.
There are seven positions that need to be filled including president, vice president, recording secretary, corresponding secretary, treasurer, historian, and statistician. Each member can be elected to any position and can only hold one position. To find the number of different slates of officers that can be elected, we use the permutation formula. We have 7 positions to fill and 7 members who can be elected to each position, so the number of different slates of officers that can be elected is 7!/(7-7)! = 7! = 5,040.

Therefore, The number of different slates of officers that can be elected is 5,040. This is calculated using the permutation formula with 7 positions to fill and 7 members who can be elected to each position.

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The increase in obesity rates in the United States, particularly among teenagers, can have a significant impact on the size of the government debt, even if the dependency ratio remains constant.

Obesity is linked to an increased risk of chronic diseases such as type 2 diabetes, heart disease, and certain cancers. These chronic diseases require costly medical treatments and care, which can put a strain on the government's finances. In turn, the government may need to spend more on healthcare programs, such as Medicaid and Medicare, to cover the costs of treating these chronic diseases.

Additionally, obesity can lead to a reduction in economic productivity and an increase in disability rates, which can result in lower tax revenues and higher disability payments. This reduction in economic productivity can also have a negative impact on economic growth, further exacerbating the debt problem.

Therefore, the increase in obesity rates in the United States can lead to increased government spending on healthcare and disability programs, lower tax revenues, and slower economic growth. All of these factors can contribute to an increase in the size of the government debt.

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The length of segment AD is given as follows:

AD = 4.

The geometric mean theorem states that the length of the altitude drawn from the right angle of a triangle to its hypotenuse is equal to the geometric mean of the lengths of the segments formed on the hypotenuse.

Hence, in this problem, we have that the altitude of BD = 2 is the geometric mean of DC = 1 and AD, hence:

AD x 1 = 2²

AD = 4 units.

Which is the length of segment AD.

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The described sampling method is an example of random sampling.

The sampling method described in the question is known as simple random sampling, which is a common method of selecting a representative sample from a population.

In this method, each member of the population is assigned a unique number, and a certain number of individuals are selected randomly from the population.

Simple random sampling is a type of probability sampling, which means that each member of the population has an equal chance of being selected for the sample.

This is important because it ensures that the sample is representative of the population as a whole, and reduces the risk of sampling bias.

The process of simple random sampling is straightforward and easy to implement, making it a popular choice for researchers. However, it can be time-consuming and may not be practical for very large populations. In such cases, other sampling methods such as stratified sampling or cluster sampling may be more appropriate.

Overall, simple random sampling is a reliable and effective method of selecting a representative sample from a population, and is widely used in research studies and surveys.

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The minimum amount of paint needed for two coats will be 297 square centimeters.

The shape is a combination of the rectangle and the triangle. Then the area of the shape is calculated as,

A = 1/2 x 18 x 9 + 18 x 12

A = 81 + 216

A = 297 square centimeters

Hence, the minimum amount of paint needed for two coats will be 297 square centimeters.

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The value of N when t=4 is: N = 300 + 450 = 750.

To evaluate the solution at the specified value of the independent variable, we need to find the relationship between N and t. Given the information, we have two points: (0, 150) and (1, 300).

Step 1: Calculate the slope (m) between the two points.
m = (N2 - N1) / (t2 - t1) = (300 - 150) / (1 - 0) = 150

Step 2: Use one of the points (e.g., (0, 150)) and the slope to find the equation N = mt + b.
150 = 150 * 0 + b
b = 150

Step 3: Write the equation with the slope and intercept.
N = 150t + 150

Step 4: Evaluate the value of N when the specified value of the independent variable t = 4.
N = 150 * 4 + 150
N = 600 + 150
N = 750

The value of N when t = 4 is 750.

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If a relationship exists between a response variable Y and a predictor variable X, it is appropriate to say that X causes variation in Y is True.

There could be other factors or variables that influence the relationship between X and Y. It is important to distinguish between correlation and causation.
To establish causation, a researcher needs to conduct a controlled experiment, where all other factors are held constant except for the predictor variable X.

This will allow the researcher to isolate the effect of X on Y and determine whether it is indeed causing variation in Y.
In conclusion, while a relationship between X and Y may suggest causation, it is not appropriate to make that assumption without conducting a controlled experiment or considering other factors that may be influencing the relationship.
True. If a relationship exists between a response variable Y and a predictor variable X, it is appropriate to say that X causes variation in Y.
In statistics, response variables, also known as dependent variables, are the outcomes we are interested in explaining or predicting.

Predictor variables, also called independent variables, are the factors that might influence these outcomes.

When analyzing data, we often use regression models to determine the strength and direction of the relationship between the response variable Y and the predictor variable X.
A positive relationship between X and Y means that as X increases, Y also increases, while a negative relationship implies that as X increases, Y decreases.

A strong relationship between the variables indicates that the predictor variable X accounts for a significant portion of the variation in the response variable Y.
However,

It's crucial to note that a correlation between X and Y does not guarantee causality.

Confounding variables, which are factors not included in the analysis but may influence the response variable, could be causing the observed relationship.

Further analysis,

Such as experiments or controlling for potential confounding variables, might be needed to establish causation.
In summary,

When a relationship exists between a response variable Y and a predictor variable X, it is appropriate to say that X causes variation in Y, but it's important to consider that correlation does not necessarily mean causation.

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We get x = 59. Therefore, your TA should apply to 59 schools to have a greater than 95% chance of being admitted to at least one school.

To calculate the number of different schools your TA needs to apply to in order to have a certain chance of being admitted to at least one school, we can use the formula:

n = log(1 - p) / log(1 - q)

Where n is the number of schools, p is the desired probability of being admitted to at least one school (i.e. 0.9 or 0.95), and q is the probability of not being admitted to any one school (i.e. 0.95).

Using this formula with p = 0.9 and q = 0.95, we get:

n = log(1 - 0.9) / log(1 - 0.05)
n ≈ 14

So your TA would need to apply to at least 14 different schools to have a chance of being admitted to at least one school above 90%.

Using the same formula with p = 0.95 and q = 0.95, we get:

n = log(1 - 0.95) / log(1 - 0.05)
n ≈ 29

So your TA would need to apply to at least 29 different schools to have a chance of being admitted to at least one school above 95%.
To determine the number of schools your TA needs to apply to in order to have at least a 90% and 95% chance of being admitted to at least one school, we'll use the concept of complementary probability.

Step 1: Calculate the probability of NOT being admitted to any school
The probability of not being admitted to a single school is 95% (100% - 5%).

Step 2: Use complementary probability to find the required probability
Let x be the number of schools your TA needs to apply to. The probability of not being admitted to any of the x schools is (0.95)^x.

Step 3: Find the number of schools for a 90% chance
We want the probability of being admitted to at least one school to be above 90%. Therefore, we want the complementary probability to be less than 10% (100% - 90%):
(0.95)^x < 0.10

Solving for x, we get x = 45. Therefore, your TA should apply to 45 schools to have a greater than 90% chance of being admitted to at least one school.

Step 4: Find the number of schools for a 95% chance
Similarly, for a 95% chance, we want the complementary probability to be less than 5% (100% - 95%):
(0.95)^x < 0.05

Solving for x, we get x = 59. Therefore, your TA should apply to 59 schools to have a greater than 95% chance of being admitted to at least one school.

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Answer:

The distance around the circle.

Step-by-step explanation:

Circumference means the outer area of a particular object or the outer border of the object. When we talk about the circle, the total outer round area is the circumference of the circle.
The formula for circle circumference is 2pir

where pi = 3.14 approx  and the r = radius of the circle

Hence, the answer is the distance around the circle.

The greatest distance a person could be from the sprinkler and still get sprayed by it is 28 feet, which is equal to the diameter of the circle described by the equation (x+6)²+(y−9)²=196.

In this problem, we are given an equation that describes the area covered by a sprinkler set in the middle of a lawn. Specifically, the equation (x+6)²+(y−9)²=196 represents a circle with center (-6,9).

Radius

= √196

= 14

The greatest distance that a person could be from the sprinkler and still get sprayed by it is equal to the diameter of the circle.

The diameter is simply twice the radius, which is 2 × 14 = 28 feet.

To understand why the diameter is the maximum distance a person could be from the sprinkler and still get sprayed, we can visualize the circle as the area covered by the sprinkler's spray. Any point inside the circle would be sprayed by the sprinkler, while any point outside of the circle would not. Since the diameter is the longest distance between two points on the circle, any point beyond the diameter would be outside the area covered by the sprinkler's spray.

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Answer:

George had $725 in savings

Step-by-step explanation:

Let's assume that George had x dollars in savings before he bought the camera.

According to the problem, George spent 80% of his savings to buy the camera, which means he had 20% of his savings left after the purchase. We can write this as:

0.20x = amount of savings left after buying the camera

We also know that the camera cost $580. We can set up an equation to relate the cost of the camera to the amount of savings that George had before buying the camera:

0.80x = $580

Solving for x, we get:

x = $580 / 0.80

x = $725

Therefore, George had $725 in savings before he bought the camera.

The probability of selecting a composition of n with a second part equal to 1 is equal to (n-1)/4.

Let us consider a composition of n as an ordered sequence of positive integers where the sum of the integers is n.

The number of compositions of n is equal to 2ⁿ⁻¹,

Since there are n-1 spaces between the numbers where we can choose to either include or exclude a separator.

To calculate the probability that a randomly selected composition of n has a second part equal to 1,

Consider the second part of the composition.

It can be any positive integer from 1 to n-1, inclusive.

For the second part to be equal to 1,

Choose 1 as the second number in the composition and distribute the remaining n-2 among the remaining slots.

There are n-1 slots left since the second slot is already occupied by the number 1.

The remaining n-2 can be distributed in 2ⁿ⁻³ ways, since there are n-3 spaces left to distribute the remaining numbers.

Therefore, the probability of selecting a composition of n with a second part equal to 1 is,

P = (n-1) ×  2ⁿ⁻³ / 2ⁿ⁻¹

  = ( n - 1 ) × 2ⁿ⁻³⁻ⁿ⁺¹

   =  ( n - 1 ) × 2⁻²

  = (n-1) / 4

Therefore, the probability is equal to  (n-1)/4.

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The dimensions of the rectangular box are height = 7 ft, width = 28 ft, and length = 112 ft.

Let the height of the box be h. Then, the width is 4h, and the length is 16h. We know that the volume of the box is 343 ft³, so we can set up the equation: V = l*w*h = (16h)(4h)(h) = 64h³

64h³ = 343

h³ = 343/64 = 27/4

h = (27/4)^(1/3) = 3/2

So the height of the box is 3/2 ft. Using this value, we can find the width and length:

Width = 4h = 4(3/2) = 6 ft

Length = 16h = 16(3/2) = 24 ft

Therefore, the dimensions of the rectangular box are height = 7 ft, width = 28 ft, and length = 112 ft.

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In the original Milgram experiment, only men participated, and the study aimed to investigate their obedience to authority figures. Later, a version of the experiment was conducted with only women participants to compare their obedience levels to men's.

In the replication of the Milgram experiment with only women participants, the level of obedience was found to be similar to that of the original experiment with only men. In fact, the results showed that women were just as likely as men to obey authority figures and administer the maximum level of electric shocks to the supposed "learner" in the experiment. This suggests that obedience to authority is not gender-specific and that both men and women can be equally susceptible to obeying orders, even when they conflict with their own moral beliefs.

To answer your question, women's obedience in the Milgram experiment was found to be similar to men's obedience. Both genders displayed high levels of obedience to the authority figure, even when instructed to administer painful electric shocks to the "learner." This result suggests that obedience to authority is not solely dependent on gender but is rather a widespread human tendency.

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Thus, there are over 2 trillion ways for Mavis to move each counter to an adjacent square without having any of them end up in the same square.

There are several ways Mavis can move each counter to an adjacent square, but the question is how many ways can she do this without having two counters end up in the same square.

First, let's consider the top row of the board. There are 7 counters, and each counter has two adjacent squares that it can move to.

However, the counter on each end only has one adjacent square to move to. So, the total number of ways to move the counters in the top row without any of them ending up in the same square is:

2 x 2 x 2 x 2 x 2 x 2 x 1 = 64

Now, let's consider the second row. There are also 7 counters in this row, but the two end counters now have two adjacent squares to move to.

However, there is a new constraint: each counter in the second row must move to a square that is not occupied by a counter in the top row.

This means that the first and last counters in the second row each have three possible squares to move to, while the other five counters each have two possible squares to move to.

So, the total number of ways to move the counters in the second row without any of them ending up in the same square is:

3 x 2 x 2 x 2 x 2 x 2 x 3 = 288

We can continue this process for each row, taking into account the constraints of not having any counters end up in the same square and not moving to squares already occupied in the previous row.

In the end, the total number of ways Mavis can move the counters to adjacent squares is the product of the number of ways for each row:

64 x 288 x 288 x 288 x 288 x 288 x 64 = 2,051,717,760,000

So, there are over 2 trillion ways for Mavis to move each counter to an adjacent square without having any of them end up in the same square.

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Answer: 75

Step-by-step explanation:

To find the sum of these numbers, we simply add them together:

15 + 28 + 12 + 20 = 75

Therefore, the sum of 15, 28, 12, and 20 is 75.

Answer:

Answer below.

Step-by-step explanation:

Formula to use:

upper bound of speed = upper bound of distance/lower bound of time

Upper bound of distance = 146.25m

Lower bound of time = 6.5s

Upper bound of speed = 146.25/6.5

= 22.5m/s

Answer:

22.5m/s

Step-by-step explanation:

The people do you have to sample size to be 95% certain you can identify a difference of 1% is 9604.

A minimum sample size is the number of participants required to provide findings that accurately reflect the community under investigation while yet maintaining the intended confidence interval (margin of error) and confidence level.

The process of deciding how many observations or replicates to include in a statistical sample is known as sample size determination. Any empirical study with the aim of drawing conclusions about a population from a sample must take into account the sample size as a crucial component.

As we are given here a margin of error of 0.01. Also from standard normal tables, we have here:

P(-1.96 < Z < 1.96) = 0.95

Therefore 1.96 is the z critical value that is to be used here.

As we are not given a prior proportion value here, we take p = 0.5, to get a conservative value of the sample size.

The margin of error now is computed as:

MOE = x*P(1 - p)

n = 22 P(1-7 .)2 x 0.25 = 9604 MOE2

Therefore 9604 is the required minimum sample size here.

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We can say with 95% confidence that the true mean amount that women in the population spend dining out per week lies within the range of $91.74 to $108.26.

Based on the given information, we can calculate a 95% confidence interval for the mean amount that women in the population spend dining out per week. With a sample size of 25 and a standard error of $4, we can use the formula:

95% CI = sample mean +/- (critical value x standard error)

To find the critical value, we need to look up the t-distribution with degrees of freedom (df) = n-1 = 24 and a significance level of alpha = 0.05/2 = 0.025 (since we are interested in a two-tailed test). From a t-table or calculator, we find that the critical t-value is approximately 2.064.

Plugging in the values, we get:

95% CI = $100 +/- (2.064 x $4)
95% CI = $100 +/- $8.26
95% CI = ($91.74, $108.26)

Therefore, we can say with 95% confidence that the true mean amount that women in the population spend dining out per week lies within the range of $91.74 to $108.26. This means that if we were to repeatedly take random samples of 25 women and calculate their mean amount spent dining out, about 95% of the intervals we construct using this method would contain the true population mean.

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If f(2) = 1 and the tangent line at x has slope (x − 1)ex2 − 2x. f(x) = ((x^2 - 2x + 1)/2)e^(x^2 - 2x).

To find f(x), we'll first integrate the given slope function to obtain the original function. The slope of the tangent line is given as (x - 1)e^(x^2 - 2x).

Let F'(x) = (x - 1)e^(x^2 - 2x). To find f(x), we need to integrate F'(x) with respect to x:

∫(x - 1)e^(x^2 - 2x) dx

Now, we can use substitution. Let u = x^2 - 2x, then du = (2x - 2) dx. Therefore, the integral becomes:

∫((u + 1)/2)e^u du

Now, we can integrate by parts. Let v = e^u, then dv = e^u du. Let w = (u + 1)/2, then dw = 1/2 du. Using integration by parts formula:

∫w dv = wv - ∫v dw

∫(u + 1)/2 * e^u du = ((u + 1)/2)e^u - ∫(1/2)e^u du

Now integrate the remaining part:

∫(1/2)e^u du = (1/2)e^u + C

Substituting back:

f(x) = ((x^2 - 2x + 1)/2)e^(x^2 - 2x) + C

Now, use the given condition f(2) = 1:

1 = ((2^2 - 2*2 + 1)/2)e^(2^2 - 2*2) + C

1 = (1)e^0 + C

C = 0

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Since each driver can cover at most one route, we will continuous this process until all 12 routes have been assigned to a driver. This will ensure that the school system pays the least amount possible for the 12 bus routes.

To minimize the school system's cost while assigning drivers to the bus routes, follow these steps:

1. Open the file P05_45.xlsx and arrange the data in a clear format, such as a table with drivers listed vertically and routes listed horizontally. Each cell should contain the amount a driver charges for a specific route.

2. Identify the lowest bid for each route. You can do this by going through each column (representing a route) and finding the minimum amount.

3. Assign the driver with the lowest bid to the corresponding route. Make sure to keep track of which drivers have already been assigned to avoid assigning them to multiple routes.

4. Continue this process for all 12 routes. Remember, each of the 16 drivers can only be assigned to one route.

5. Once all drivers have been assigned to the routes, add up the amounts for each assigned driver to find the total cost for the school system.

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Answer:

x=-2.5(ERROR)

Step-by-step explanation:

An isosceles triangle is a triangle with two sides of equal length, called legs. The third side of the triangle is called the base. The vertex angle is the angle between the legs 1.

Since triangle ABC is an isosceles triangle with vertex angle B, we know that AB = AC.

Therefore, we can set up an equation:

20x - 2 = 25x

Solving for x:

20x - 25x = 2

-5x = 2

x = -2/5

Since x cannot be negative, there must be an error in the problem statement.

I hope this helps!

Yes, it is true that an OLS (ordinary least squares) estimator meets all three small sample properties (unbiasedness, efficiency, and minimum variance) under certain conditions, in addition to being consistent.

These conditions include the assumption that the error term has a zero mean and constant variance, and that the errors are independent and identically distributed (IID). When these assumptions hold, the OLS estimator is considered to be BLUE (Best Linear Unbiased Estimator) and is a reliable tool for estimating the unknown parameters in a linear regression model. However, it is important to note that these assumptions may not always hold in practice, and alternative estimation methods may need to be considered.

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