What was the role of the rotors in the enigma machine?.

Answers

Answer 1

Answer:

Implements a reordering of the letters of the alphabet.

Explanation: GIVE ME 5 STARS AND a HEART!!!                                      Those contacts are wired across the rotor so that each contact on the left connects to the contact on the right in some scrambled arrangement. Each rotor, therefore, implements a reordering of the letters of the alphabet, which mathematicians call a permutation.


Related Questions

Many appliances come with___ratings, which mean that the
device or machine will run with fewer associated costs than previous
models.

Answers

Complex ratings because if they don’t the appliances might not be safe or good to use sorry if it’s incorrect I’m not very smart

What is the wavelength of a photon with an energy of 3. 38 x 10^-19 j

Answers

The photon has a wavelength of 588 nm

what is a wavelength?

Wavelength is the distance between two points along the path of the wave.

it is usually represented by λ

Energy of a photon, E = ( h c ) /  λ

where:

h is Planck's constant = 6.626 × 10 -34 Js

c is speed of light = 3.0 * 10^8 m/s

λ = ( h c ) / E

λ = ( ( 6.626 × 10 -34 ) * ( 3.0 * 10^8 ) ) / 3.38 * 10^-19

λ = 5.88 * 10^-7 m

λ = 588 * 10^-9 m = 588 nm

λ = 588 nm = 588 nanometers

Read more on photon here: https://brainly.com/question/15946945

Q1. (20 marks) Entropy Analysis of the heat engine: consider a 35% efficient heat engine operating between a large, high- temperature reservoir at 1000 K (727 °C) and a large, cold reservoir at 308 K (35°C). If it withdraws 1.2 MJ/s from the high-temperature reservoir, what would be the rate of loss of entropy from that reservoir and what would be the rate of gain by the low-temperature reservoir? (4 marks) b. Express the work done by the engine in watts. (3 marks) What would be the total entropy gain of the system? d. Determine Carnot efficiency and recalculate the a, b, and c, accordingly. ​

Answers

With a high temperature of 1000k and a cold temperature of 308K, The rate of gain for the high reservoir would be 780 kj/s.

A. η = 35%

[tex]\frac{w}{Q1} = \frac{35}{100}[/tex]

W = [tex]1.2*\frac{35}{100}*1000kj/s[/tex]

W = 420 kj/s

Q2 = Q1-W

= 1200-420

= 780 kJ/S

What is the workdone by this engine?

B. W = 420 kj/s

= 420x1000 w

= 4.2x10⁵W

The work done is 4.2x10⁵W

c. 780/308 - 1200/1000

= 2.532 - 1.2

= 1.332kj

The total enthropy gain is 1.332kj

D. Q1 = 1200

T1 = 1000

[tex]\frac{1200}{1000} =\frac{Q2}{308} \\\\Q2 = 369.6 KJ[/tex]

Cournot efficiency = W/Q1

= 1200 - 369.6/1200

= 69.2 percent

change in s is zero for the reversible heat engine.

Read more on enthropy here: https://brainly.com/question/6364271

A traffic flow has density 61 veh/km when the speed is 59 veh/hr. If a flow has a jam density of 122 veh/km, what is the maximum flow in veh/hr (in whole number)? Use Greenshield Model.

Answers

Since this traffic flow has a jam density of 122 veh/km, the maximum flow is equal to 3,599 veh/hr.

Given the following data:

Density = 61 veh/km.Speed = 59 km/hr.Jam density = 122 veh/km.

How to calculate the maximum flow.

According to Greenshield Model, maximum flow is given by this formula:

[tex]q_{max}=\frac{V_f \times K_i}{4}[/tex]

Where:

[tex]V_f[/tex] is the free flow speed.[tex]K_i[/tex] is the Jam density.

In order to calculate the free flow speed, we would use this formula:

[tex]V_f =2 V\\\\V_f =2\times 59\\\\V_f=118\;km/hr[/tex]

Substituting the parameters into the model, we have:

[tex]q_{max}=\frac{118 \times 122}{4}\\\\q_{max}=\frac{14396}{4}[/tex]

Max flow = 3,599 veh/hr.

Read more on traffic flow here: https://brainly.com/question/15236911

A piece of copper steel (specific heat = 490 kg K) has a mass of 300 g. If is heated to
150°C, then plunged into 4.00 kg water (specific heat = 4180 kg at 20°C, what will
be the final temperature at equilibrium?

Answers

The Given Data were properly outline and the relation for the quantity of heated at equilibrium was used to compute the temperature as 18.84°C

Heat Capacity

Given Data

Mass of Copper m1 = 300g = 0.3kgSpecific heat of copper c1 = 490Kg KInitial Temperature of Copper  T1= 150°CMass of water m2 = 4kgSpecific heat of water = 42180 Kg KInitial Temperature of water  T1= 20°C

At equilibrium, the final temperature of the system T2 will be same for both copper and water

McΔT(copper) = McΔT(water)

0.3*490*(T2 - 150) = 4*4180*(T2-20)

147*(T2 - 150) =16720*(T2-20)

147T2 - 22050 = 16720T2 - 334400

collect like terms

147T2 -16720T2  = - 334400+22050

147T2 -16720T2  = - 334400+22050

-16573T2 = -312350

16573T2 = 312350

Divide both sides by 16573

T2 = 312350/16573

T2 = 18.84°C

Learn more about heat capacity here:

https://brainly.com/question/21406849

Time left 0:35:32 Three steel rod (E = 200 GPa) supports 36 KN Load P. Each of the rods AB and CD has a 200 mm? cross- sectional area and rod EF has 625 mm2 cross-sectional area. C D Compute for the stress in the rod. AB. a. 15.25 MPa b. 38.10 MPa C 19.05 MPa d. 30.50 MPa​

Answers

Answer:

tama po ba

Explanation:

correct me if im wrong

Explain the difference between a geostationary and a polar orbit, as it relates to satellites

Answers

A geostationary orbit is in same direction as the spinning of the earth while polar orbit is along the poles

What is an orbit as used for satellites?

Orbit describes the pathway a satellite moves. the pathway is usually circular.

Polar orbit refers to orbits that traces along the poles that is North pole and South pole. owing to the spherical nature of the earth polar orbits are shorter. This allows for a shorter time to complete a revolution.

Geostationary orbit as against the polar orbit , geostationary orbits traces same path as the Earth's spinning. This path os longer and will require more time to complete. Satellites tracing this orbits are launched further away about 36000 km above the earths surface while satellites on polar orbits is shorter about 200 km - 2000 km

Read more on Orbits here: https://brainly.com/question/855117

List three examples of waves that can transfer energy without going through a medium

Answers

Electromagnetic waves can transfer energy without a material medium.

3 examples of elctromagnetic energy include: Radio wave, X-rays and gamma rays

What is wave?

A wave is a disturbance that transfers energy from one point to another.

Electromagnetic waves are waves that does not require a material medium for the tranfer of energy

Radio waveGamma raysX-raysLight wave

Read more on Electromagnetic waves here: https://brainly.com/question/13874687

A square aluminum plate 5 mm thick and 150 mm on a side is heated while vertically suspended in quiescent air at 75°c. determine the average heat transfer coefficient for the plate when its temperature is 15°c by two methods: using results from the similarity solution to the boundary layer equations, and using results from an empirical correlation.

Answers

By using the boundary layer equation, the average heat transfer coefficient for the plate is equal to 4.87 W/m²k.

Given the following data:

Surface temperature = 15°C

Bulk temperature = 75°C

Side length of plate = 150 mm to m = 0.15 meter.

How to calculate the average heat transfer coefficient.

Since we have a quiescent room air and a uniform pole surface temperature, the film temperature is given by:

[tex]T_f=\frac{T_{s} + T_{\infty} }{2} \\\\T_f=\frac{15 + 75 }{2} \\\\T_f = 45[/tex]

Film temperature = 45°C to K = 273 + 45 = 318 K.

For the coefficient of thermal expansion, we have:

[tex]\beta =\frac{1}{T_f} \\\\\beta =\frac{1}{318}[/tex]

From table A-9, the properties of air at a pressure of 1 atm and temperature of 45°C are:

Kinematic viscosity, v = [tex]1.750 \times 10^{-5}[/tex] m²/s.Thermal conductivity, k = 0.02699 W/mk.Thermal diffusivity, α = [tex]2.416 \times 10^{-5}[/tex] m²/s.Prandtl number, Pr = 0.7241.

Next, we would solve for the Rayleigh number to enable us determine the heat transfer coefficient by using the boundary layer equations:

[tex]R_{aL}=\frac{g\beta \Delta T l^3}{v\alpha } \\\\R_{aL}=\frac{9.8 \;\times \;\frac{1}{318} \;\times \;(75-15) \;\times \;0.15^3 }{1.750 \times 10^{-5}\; \times \;2.416 \times 10^{-5} } \\\\R_{aL}=\frac{9.8\; \times 0.00315 \;\times \;60\; \times\; 0.003375 }{4.228 \times 10^{-10} }\\\\R_{aL}=1.48 \times 10^{7}[/tex]

Also take note, g(Pr) is given by this equation:

[tex]g(P_r)=\frac{0.75P_r}{[0.609 \;+\;1.221\sqrt{P_r}\; +\;1.238P_r]^\frac{1}{4} } \\\\g(P_r)=\frac{0.75(0.7241)}{[0.609 \;+\;1.221\sqrt{0.7241}\; +\;1.238(0.7241)]^\frac{1}{4} }\\\\g(P_r)=\frac{0.543075}{[0.609 \;+\;1.221\sqrt{0.7241}\; +\;1.238(0.7241)]^\frac{1}{4} }\\\\g(P_r)=\frac{0.543075}{[2.5444]^\frac{1}{4} }\\\\g(P_r)=\frac{0.543075}{1.2630 }[/tex]

g(Pr) = 0.430

For GrL, we have:

[tex]G_{rL}=\frac{R_{aL}}{P_r} \\\\G_{rL}=\frac{1.48 \times 10^7}{0.7241} \\\\G_{rL}=1.99 \times 10^7[/tex]

Since the Rayleigh number is less than 10⁹, the flow is laminar and the condition is given by:

[tex]N_{uL}=\frac{h_{L}L}{k} = \frac{4}{3} (\frac{G_{rL}}{4} )^\frac{1}{4} g(P_r)\\\\h_{L}=\frac{0.02699}{0.15} \times [\frac{4}{3} \times (\frac{1.99 \times 10^7}{4} )^\frac{1}{4} ]\times 0.430\\\\h_{L}= 0.1799 \times 62.9705 \times 0.430\\\\h_{L}=4.87\;W/m^2k[/tex]

Based on empirical correlation method, the average heat transfer coefficient for the plate is given by this equation:

[tex]N_{uL}=\frac{h_{L}L}{k} =0.68 + \frac{0.670 R_{aL}^\frac{1}{4}}{[1+(\frac{0.492}{P_r})^\frac{9}{16}]^\frac{4}{19} } \\\\h_{L}=\frac{0.02699}{0.15} \times ( 0.68 + \frac{0.670 (1.48 \times 10^7)^\frac{1}{4}}{[1+(\frac{0.492}{0.7241})^\frac{9}{16}]^\frac{4}{19} })\\\\h_{L}=4.87\;W/m^2k[/tex]

Read more on heat transfer here: https://brainly.com/question/10119413

How frequently should vehicle registration be renewed?

Answers

Answer:

When the renewal period comes around (with respect to the license expiry date).

Explanation:


what would be the output signal
of two input binary signal given
by A - 100101 and B = 110110
are applied to:
a) OR-gate
b) NAND-gate and XOR gate

Answers

U lungul 200 m. If A = 100101 and B = 110110 are applied to X-NOR gate, then the output will be :- plo (1) 101100 (2)011011 (31110111 (4) 010011 As shown in ..

A strain gauge is used to measure the strain on a vibrating beam which can vibrate up to a maximum frequency of 60 Hz. The strain gauge analog signal is converted in to a digital signal via an Analog to Digital Converter (ADC) in order to store the data on a computer hard drive. The engineer responsible for this measurement mistakenly selects a sampling frequency of 90 Hz for the ADC. (a) Determine the alias frequency due to the small sampling frequency. (b) Propose a sampling frequency that will not result into aliasing of the analog signal (make sure to provide your rationale for selecting this frequency)

Answers

The aliased frequency that is due to small sampling frequency is 675 Hz.

The proposed sampling frequency is 2f = 120

How to solve for the aliased frequency

The signal frequency that is given in the question is 60Hz

The sampling frequency is 90Hz

a. Using Nyquist frequency,

fn = 0.5*90Hz = 45Hz

The aliased frequency =  |n*fn - fs|

aliased frequency = |n*fn - fs|

We have  n >= 1/Fs = 17ms

Then the aliased frequency is = 17 x 45 - 90

= 675 Hz

b) The Nyquist sampling theorem

In order to avoid aliasing the sampling frequency, this has to be at least two times the highest frequency.

Therefore Fs =

2xF = 120Hz

Read more on sampling frequency here: https://brainly.com/question/25740215

Traveling a average speed at 55mph how many miles will you travel in9 hours

Answers

You will go 495 miles in 9 hours

How does data mining help interactive marketing for a business?

By predicting which customers are lively to go to a competitor



By identifying which prospects should be included in a mailing list



By revealing the difference between a typical customer this month and last



By predicting what each individual accessing a website is most likely interested in seeing

Answers

The way in which data mining helps interactive marketing for a business firm is: D. By predicting what each individual accessing a website is most likely interested in seeing.

What is data mining?

Data mining can be defined as a strategic process that typically involves extracting and analyzing data that are contained in large databases, especially through the use of specialized software to generate new information.

In this context, a business firm can adopt the use of data mining to enhance and facilitate interactive marketing by creating a process that can effectively and efficiently predict what each individual (customer) accessing their website is most likely interested in seeing.

Read more on a website here: https://brainly.com/question/26324021

what is happening in the mechanical engineering field right now

Answers

Answer:

With the ongoing pandemic, businesses have shifted their operations to online platforms while people have been forced to resort to work-from-home lifestyles to prevent the further prevent the spread of the virus.

You may not operate a vehicle unless all child passengers __________ are securely fastened into an approved child restraint device.

Answers

Answer:

You may not operate a vehicle unless all child passengers under the age of 16 years are either wearing a safety belt assembly or are securely fastened into an approved child restraint device.

Explanation:

engineering economics​

Answers

Explanation:

mathematics education grade 7

Consider a homogeneous spherical piece of radioactive material of radius ro = 0.04 m that is generating heat at a constant rate of ėgen = 5 x 107 w/m3 . the heat generated is dissipated to the environment steadily. the outer surface of the sphere is maintained at a uniform temperature of 110°c and the thermal conductivity of the sphere is k = 15 w/m·k. assuming steady one-dimensional heat transfer, (a) express the differential equation and the boundary conditions for heat conduction through the sphere, (b) obtain a relation for the variation of temperature in the sphere by solving the differential equation, and (c) determine the temperature at the center of the sphere.

Answers

Answer:

Please report my answer

Explanation:

I want my account deleted

What's the difference between a scale and a scale drawing?

Answers

scale is used to make a scale drawing. every scale drawing has it's sclae written for proper interpreatation

What is a scale?

A Scale is the ratio of a sketched model and the actual measuremnts while a scale drawing is a sketched model that was carefully made such that every measurement in the sketch could be represented to the site or actual mearuement through the scale with very little or no error

Read more on scale here: https://brainly.com/question/26467371

To make a scale drawing, scale is used. For correct interpretation, every scale drawing has its own scale inscribed on it.

What exactly is a scale?

A scale drawing is a sketched model that has been meticulously prepared so that every measurement in the sketch may be conveyed to the site or actual measurement through the scale with very little or no mistake.

A weighing apparatus or equipment with two pans of equal weight hung from its ends —usually used in the plural, either pan or tray of a balance scale.

Learn more about scale here

brainly.com/question/26467371

#SPJ4

Water is flowing steadily through a venturi that is oriented vertically. The venturi is attached to a mercury manometer that reads a 14. 3-inch deflection. 14. 3" z 30" 12" 6" a. ) 5 Points. In which direction is the water flowing? Justify your answer

Answers

Due to the fact that there is a 14.3inch deflection in the manometer, water is flowing towards the regions that have low pressure.

How does this water flow to low region areas?

The fluid that is contained in the manometer is moving towards areas of low pressure. This means they are going to areas with high velocity.

The areas that have low cross sections would flow with a constant rate. This venturi would have low pressure because it has low cross sectional area.

The fluid in the device would then have to move from bottom to top towards the neck of the mercury.

Read more on a manometer here: https://brainly.com/question/7980567

What should you do if you encounter a fishing boat while out in your vessel?.

Answers

Answer:

if you encounter fishing or hunting boats while you are paddling, be courteous.

Give them a wide berth.

Never run overfishing lines. Be aware that anglers may have lines out to the sides of their boat or trolling behind them.

Explanation:

Select true/false for each of the following statements regarding copper & copper alloys:: (a) copper has a higher elastic modulus than aluminum. (b) the density of copper is closer to that of aluminum than it is to iron. (c) bronze is an alloy of copper and zinc. (d) copper and its alloys form a green tarnish over time, consisting of sulfides and carbonates. (e) copper is relatively resistant to corrosion by neutral and even mildly basic water, making it useful for freshwater plumbing applications.

Answers

A: Copper has a higher elastic modulus than aluminum.

True

B: The density of copper is closer to that of aluminum than it is to iron.

False

C: Bronze is an alloy of copper and zinc.

False

D: Copper and its alloys form a green tarnish over time, consisting of sulfides and carbonates.

True

E: Copper is relatively resistant to corrosion by neutral and even mildly basic water, making it useful for freshwater plumbing applications.

True

Most open-drive compressors use bolt-on
service valves, which cannot be replaced.
O True
O False

Answers

Most open-drive compressors use bolt-on service valves, which cannot be replaced is a false statement.

What is an Open Drive Compressor?

Open Drive Compressor is a term that is often called a coupler drive. This is known to be a fully Serviceable motor that is said to drives the compressor through the use of a Coupling or Belt.

Most open-drive compressors use bolt-on service valves, which cannot be replaced is a false because open drive compressors are said to be  driven by a motor.

Learn more about Open Drive Compressor from

https://brainly.com/question/24356835

Correctly complete the statement below with the appropriate term.

As engineers sketch, they take periodic (_____) to verify that the design maintains the appropriate ratio for the given scale.

Answers

Engineers take periodic site measurements to verify the scale conveys true information

Site Measurements

measureants is the amount or extent of something ascertained through use of calibrated instrument called measuring instrument. When measurements are done on site it is called site measurements.

Engineers use the site measurements to scale their sketches hence to ensure the scale is always correct periodic measurements should be taken.

On-site measurements value and sketch measurement value gives the scale which  is the ratio, should be maintained always

Read more on scale here: https://brainly.com/question/26467371

Are there more pressing issues that we should be focusing on?(i.e. inflation and gas prices?)

Answers

Answer:

gas

Explanation:

As we speak gas is to high and is making it unconfortable for people to live normaly.


Which of the following would not be a good reason to use a linear model?
Thank

Answers

The disadvantage of using a linear model is that; It is sensitive to outliers and prone to multicollinearity.

What is the Linear Regression Model?

Linear regression is defined as a regression technique whereby the independent variable has a linear relationship with the dependent variable.

Now, there are some advantages of this model in statistics such as;

Linear regression performs exceptionally well for linearly separable data.It is easy to implement and interpret.It carries out extrapolation beyond a specific data set.

However, there are some disadvantages such as;

It is very sensitive to outliers.

It is prone to having multicollinearity.

It assumes linearity between dependent and independent variables.

Read more about Linear Regression Model at; https://brainly.com/question/17844286

About what thickness of aluminum is needed to stop a beam of (a) 2.5-MeV electrons, (b) 2.5-MeV protons, and (c) 10-MeV alpha particles?

Answers

The thickness of aluminium needed to stop the beam electrons, protons and alpha particles at the given dfferent kinetic energies is 1.5 x 10⁻¹⁴ m.

Thickness of the aluminum

The thickness of the aluminum can be determined using from distance of closest approach of the particle.

[tex]K.E = \frac{2KZe^2}{r}[/tex]

where;

Z is the atomic number of aluminium  = 13e is charge r is distance of closest approach = thickness of aluminiumk is Coulomb's constant = 9 x 10⁹ Nm²/C²For 2.5 MeV electrons

[tex]r = \frac{2KZe^2}{K.E} \\\\r = \frac{2 \times 9\times 10^9 \times 13\times (1.6\times 10^{-19})^2}{2.5 \times 10^6 \times 1.6 \times 10^{-19}} \\\\r = 1.5 \times 10^{-14} \ m[/tex]

For 2.5 MeV protons

Since the magnitude of charge of electron and proton is the same, at equal kinetic energy, the thickness will be same. r = 1.5 x 10⁻¹⁴ m.

For 10 MeV alpha-particles

Charge of alpah particle = 2e

[tex]r = \frac{2KZe^2}{K.E} \\\\r = \frac{2 \times 9\times 10^9 \times 13\times (2 \times 1.6\times 10^{-19})^2}{10 \times 10^6 \times 1.6 \times 10^{-19}} \\\\r = 1.5 \times 10^{-14} \ m[/tex]

Thus, the thickness of aluminium needed to stop the beam electrons, protons and alpha particles at the given dfferent kinetic energies is 1.5 x 10⁻¹⁴ m.

Learn more about closest distance of approach here: https://brainly.com/question/6426420

what is the direct current generator​

Answers

Answer:

A direct-current (DC) generator is a rotating machine that supplies an electrical output with unidirectional voltage and current.

Explanation:

Hope this helps

what is the purpose of placing a large electrolytic capacitor in the output side of a power supply

Answers

Answer:

When the AC power is larger than the DC load's needs, a big filter capacitor is typically employed to absorb and store energy, and to give energy to the load when the AC power is lower.

Explanation:

Kinetic energy kx is 1/2mvx2. evaluate the mean square kinetic energy < kx2 >in one dimension for n2 molecules at 25°c (hint: in the derivation of < kx2 > use f (vx.) )

Answers

The mean kinetic energy of the N₂ molecules at 25 °C is 3593.519 joules per mole.

How to estimate the mean square kinetic energy associated to gas molecules

Let suppose that the gas sample behaves ideally. The Graham's law establishes a connection between the ideal gas model and the kinetic theory of gases.

In this question we need to use this law to estimate the average kinetic energy (Kₐ), in joules per mole, of a diatomic gas (N₂), which is defined by the following expression:

[tex]K_{a} = \frac{3}{2}\cdot R_{u}\cdot T[/tex]   (1)

Where:

[tex]R_{u}[/tex] - Ideal gas constant, in joules per mole-Kelvin.[tex]T[/tex] - Temperature, in Kelvin

If we know that [tex]R_{u} = 8.314\,\frac{J}{mol\cdot K}[/tex] and [tex]T = 288.15\,K[/tex], then the average kinetic energy is:

[tex]K_{a} = \frac{3}{2}\cdot \left(8.314\,\frac{J}{mol\cdot K} \right) \cdot (288.15\,K)[/tex]

[tex]K_{a} = 3593.519\,\frac{J}{mol}[/tex]

The mean kinetic energy of the N₂ molecules at 25 °C is 3593.519 joules per mole. [tex]\blacksquare[/tex]

To learn more on kinetic theory of gases, we kindly invite to check this verified question: https://brainly.com/question/15064212

Other Questions
Examine the equation and solution method shown below. Indentify the error and then solve the equation using a valid solution method.1. Find and explain the error in the solution method. 2. Solve the equation 3(3x+6+x)=1 using a valid solution method.3. Explain each step in your solution method. Why is your method valid?Pls Help. 100 points Find the measure of the red arc or chord in C what occurs if the suns rays are spread over a greater surface area and must travel through more of the atmosphere before reaching the earth Why would you want a small remote valve and a large valve close to the cylinder? by finding tan in 2 different triangles find the value of m A circle has a radius of 9 cm and a sector of the circle has an arc length of 9. 7cm find the area of the shaded region. please show your work Which statement is correct? Can u do these for me The volume of this right prism is 266.5 ft.What is the height, x, of the prism?Enter your answer as a decimal in the box.x = ft please give me some topics to right an informative essay on. Please help with number 13 only. It is an evolution question. Need ASAP! 3 3/5 + 1 1/6 answer as a fraction Read this line from "the american dream." america is essentially a dream, a dream as yet unfulfilled. which word most strongly appeals to pathos? "america" "essentially" "dream" "unfulfilled" A product has three distinct layers. The most basic layer is the ________, which consists of all the benefits the product will provide for consumers or business customers. The issue Middle Eastern nations have withIsrael stems from what?A. CommmunismB. Nuclear weaponsC. ReligionD. Trade NOT a factor that contributed to the rise of the Japanese empire? A rectangular gymnasium is 50 m long, 25 m wide and 8.0 m high.The density of air is 1.2 kg/m.What is the best estimate of the mass of air in the gymnasium? The Southern Manifesto was a document that declared the intent of -2 (3x -5) -2= 22 - 68