What strategies did the enslaved employ to resist, revolt, and sustain their own independent communities and cultures in the antebellum era

In the generation before the Civil War, wealthy southern planters were able to co-opt poor freemen to support the slave system, which accorded the latter group little respect, by promising them the opportunity to own slaves themselves someday.

This strategy was effective in creating a sense of shared interest between poor white southerners and wealthy plantation owners, despite the fact that the economic system of slavery was fundamentally exploitative and oppressive to both enslaved African Americans and poor white farmers.

By promising poor white southerners the prospect of future ownership of slaves, wealthy planters were able to create a sense of social hierarchy and status, which appealed to those who were economically and socially disadvantaged.

This allowed wealthy planters to maintain political and economic power by perpetuating a system that benefited only a small elite, at the expense of the majority of southerners.

The co-option of poor white southerners into supporting slavery was a deliberate strategy by the southern planter class, aimed at preserving their political and economic dominance. This strategy, however, ultimately contributed to the outbreak of the Civil War, as the economic and political tensions between the North and South reached a breaking point.

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Adams supporters might utilize Macy's statements to respond to Jackson's letter by highlighting Jackson's hypocrisy and policy discrepancies.

In the given case, the context seems incomplete so the answer is written in generalise manner.

Macy's letter might be used to demonstrate how Jackson's actions have resulted in economic misery and suffering for the people, while he enjoys the perks of the office.

A supporter might claim that Jackson's activities are contrary to democratic norms and that he is abusing his office to enrich himself and his supporters at the expense of the people.

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The chain-broadcasting ruling was a major policy initiative launched by the Federal Communications Commission (FCC) in the 1940s, which aimed to promote competition and diversity in broadcasting.

This policy was important because it sought to break up the monopoly that a small number of powerful radio networks had over the airwaves. Before the chain-broadcasting ruling, these networks controlled the majority of radio programming and were able to use their power to influence public opinion and shape political discourse.

By requiring networks to divest their ownership interests in local stations, the FCC aimed to promote a more diverse and competitive broadcasting industry. This policy paved the way for the growth of independent and local radio stations, which helped to promote a more diverse range of viewpoints and programming.

The chain-broadcasting ruling was an important early example of government regulation of the airwaves and helped to shape the modern broadcasting industry.

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India's relatively smooth and lasting transition to democracy in the period since independence can be attributed to a number of factors.

Firstly, India had a strong foundation of democratic values and institutions inherited from the British colonial period. This included an independent judiciary, a free press, and a civil service that operated according to established rules and procedures. Secondly, India's leaders were committed to democracy and had a deep understanding of the importance of democratic institutions. This commitment was reflected in the adoption of a constitution that enshrined democratic principles and provided for a system of checks and balances. Thirdly, India's diversity was also a factor in the success of its democracy. The country is home to a variety of ethnic and religious groups, and its democratic system has allowed for the peaceful resolution of conflicts between these groups. Finally, India's democracy has been strengthened by its strong civil society. The country has a vibrant media, active NGOs, and a citizenry that is engaged in the political process. These factors have helped to ensure that India's democracy has remained strong and resilient over the years. In conclusion, India's smooth and lasting transition to democracy can be attributed to a combination of factors including a strong foundation of democratic institutions inherited from the British colonial period, a commitment to democracy among its leaders, the peaceful resolution of conflicts between different ethnic and religious groups, and a strong civil society.

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Between 1500 and 1900, enslaved people in South America were held in warehouses called factorias, and then transported into the central part of the continent to labor primarily in agriculture and mining sectors.

Once in South America, enslaved people were indeed used primarily in agriculture and mining. The Spanish and Portuguese colonizers established large-scale plantations for crops such as sugar, coffee, and tobacco, which required a large workforce.

Enslaved people were also forced to work in the mines, extracting valuable minerals such as gold and silver.

The transatlantic slave trade had a devastating impact on the lives of millions of Africans who were forcibly taken from their homes and brought to the Americas.

The brutal conditions of enslavement, along with the forced labor and separation from family and community, had long-lasting effects on enslaved people and their descendants.

The legacy of slavery continues to impact societies in South America and around the world to this day.

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Constantine, a Roman emperor who converted to Christianity, had several churches, including St. Paul's Outside the Walls, built at specific locations around the Roman Empire for religious and political reasons.

He wanted to promote Christianity and create a sense of unity within the Empire by establishing a Christian network and building impressive churches. These churches served as centers of worship, but they also had political significance, as they were seen as symbols of the emperor's power and authority. By building churches, Constantine was able to reinforce his status as a Christian ruler and demonstrate his commitment to the new religion. Additionally, these churches helped to spread Christianity and establish it as a prominent religion within the Roman Empire.

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In terms of political behavior, the Irish generally supported Democrats.

This was due in part to the fact that the Democratic Party had a more welcoming stance towards immigrants and had a reputation for being more sympathetic to the working class. However, it is important to note that political behavior is not monolithic and there were certainly Irish individuals who supported other parties or candidates. There is no evidence to suggest that the Irish were easily manipulated into voting against their interests, and in fact, many Irish immigrants were politically engaged and active in shaping American politics.

While there were certainly individuals who did not vote, there is no evidence to suggest that this was a widespread phenomenon among the Irish. Finally, while there were certainly Irish individuals who admired John Quincy Adams, there is no evidence to suggest that the Irish as a group idolized him. There is also no evidence to suggest that the Irish started a new party for immigrants.

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Answer:

D. huge deserts protected city-states from foreign invaders

Explanation:

In Igbo culture, it is customary for men of Nigeria to appear at funerals of important Igbo men, as a sign of respect and to honor their legacy.

These men play a vital role in welcoming the spirit of the departed to the other world, easing their transition from this earthly realm to the next. This is done through various rituals and ceremonies, including the offering of prayers and libations, as well as the performing of traditional dances and songs. The men of Nigeria take great pride in their role in these funerals, as they see it as a way to pay homage to their ancestors and keep their traditions alive.

The institutions that the people historically founded are considered spiritual leaders in the traditional Igbo community. As a result, it is possible to prevent violence among the converts.

The creator god Chukwu or Chineke, the soil goddess Ala, and a number of other gods and spirits are all part of the ancient Igbo religion. Ancestors also serve as watchmen over living descendants. The will of the gods is revealed through oracles and divination.

Therefore, in the traditional Igbo culture, the institutions that were historically founded by the people are included in the concept of a spiritual leader. As a result, it is possible to prevent violence among the converts.

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d. adversarial. The Vietnam War initiated the growth of adversarial journalism.

Adversarial journalism is characterized by an aggressive approach to reporting that seeks to hold those in power accountable by uncovering and exposing their wrongdoing. During the Vietnam War, journalists were granted unprecedented access to the front lines, which allowed them to witness and report on the realities of the war. Many journalists were disillusioned with the government's handling of the war and the information being disseminated to the public. As a result, they began to adopt a more adversarial approach to reporting, challenging government officials and exposing the truth about the war. This approach to journalism became known as "New Journalism" and helped to usher in an era of investigative journalism that continues to this day. The Vietnam War was a turning point in the history of American journalism, as it led to a new era of reporting that prioritized the truth and held those in power accountable.

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The Vietnam War initiated the growth of ________ journalism.

a. yellow

b. government-regulated

c. corporate-driven

d. adversarial

The economic factors of WWII that fueled the post-war boom of material prosperity in the United States were mainly related to government spending on military production and infrastructure, which led to a surge in employment and economic growth.

The war effort created a massive demand for goods and services, and the government spent heavily to meet this demand. This spending, combined with the fact that the US was largely untouched by the war, allowed the country to emerge as the world's dominant economic power.

Additionally, the GI Bill provided returning soldiers with access to education, training, and home loans, which helped to fuel the post-war economic boom.

The growth of the manufacturing sector also played a key role in the expansion of the economy, as increased production of consumer goods helped to meet the rising demand for new products. Overall, the economic factors of WWII set the stage for a period of unprecedented prosperity in the US, which lasted for several decades.

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Answer:

African Americans had little direct influence on the writing of the Constitution during the period from 1763 to 1787. This is largely due to the fact that African Americans were not afforded any political rights or representation during this time.

African Americans, both free and enslaved, were largely excluded from political participation. Furthermore, thy had limited access to education, which further inhibited their ability to influence the political process. The framers of the Constitution were primarily white, wealthy, and male. Their perspectives and interests dominated the document.

However, African Americans played a significant role in shaping the debates around the Constitution and its subsequent amendments. For example, African American abolitionists, such as Frederick Douglass and Harriet Tubman, were vocal in their critiques of the Constitution's failure to abolish slavery, and their advocacy helped to pave the way for the Thirteenth Amendment. Additionally, the Civil Rights Movement of the 1950s and 1960s, led in large part by African American activists, led to significant changes in the interpretation and application of the Constitution's provisions on issues, such as voting rights and equal protection under the law.

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In conclusion, while African Americans had little direct influence on the writing of the Constitution during the period from 1763 to 1787, their activism and advocacy in the years since have helped to shape its interpretation and application in ways that have expanded civil rights and liberties for all Americans.

Explanation:

It is clear that African Americans, both free and enslaved, played a significant role in shaping the political and social landscape that ultimately led to the creation of the Constitution.

For example, enslaved Africans' resistance to their condition of bondage, such as through revolts and escapes, challenged the very foundations of the slave system and sparked debates over the morality and legality of slavery. Furthermore, free African Americans, including figures such as Phillis Wheatley and Benjamin Banneker, used their writing and advocacy to argue for the abolition of slavery and the extension of civil and political rights to all Americans, ideas that would eventually find their way into the Constitution through the Bill of Rights and the 13th, 14th, and 15th Amendments.

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Answer:

Explanation:

We know a lot about Mali's history through a combination of written records, oral traditions, archaeological findings, and research conducted by historians and other scholars.

Written records include ancient manuscripts and chronicles, some of which date back to the early days of the Mali Empire. These texts were written in Arabic and other languages and provided valuable information about the political, economic, social, and cultural aspects of the empire.

Oral traditions passed down from generation to generation also provide insights into Mali's history. Griots, who are West African storytellers, historians, and musicians, played a crucial role in preserving and transmitting the oral history of Mali and other West African societies.

Archaeological findings, such as ruins, artefacts, and tombs, provide physical evidence of Mali's past. Excavations at sites such as Djenné, Timbuktu, and Gao have yielded important discoveries that shed light on the history of the region.

In addition, modern scholarship and research have contributed to our understanding of Mali's history. Historians, anthropologists, archaeologists, and other scholars have conducted extensive research on Mali's past, using a variety of sources and methods.

Overall, our knowledge of Mali's history is the result of a multifaceted approach that combines written records, oral traditions, archaeological findings, and modern scholarship.

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In 1979, a district court stopped The Progressive magazine from publishing an article titled "The H-bomb Secret: How we got it, why we're telling it". The magazine had relied in its coverage on publicly available documents, including information from previously published articles and government reports.

However, the government claimed that the article contained classified information and that its publication would harm national security.

The case, known as United States v. The Progressive, resulted in a temporary restraining order against the magazine, which was later lifted by an appeals court.

The case raised questions about the limits of the First Amendment's freedom of the press and the government's power to restrict the publication of classified information.

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Answer:

I believe the answer is C.

Explanation:

They started near large rivers.

The people of India and other colonial territories had several justifications for demanding independence after World War II. They sought self-determination, democracy, human rights, and freedom, and were influenced by their experiences during the war and the changing global political climate.

The people of India and other colonial territories had several justifications for demanding independence after World War II. First and foremost, they had been living under colonial rule for centuries and were seeking self-determination. They had been exploited for their resources, forced to work in plantations, mines, and factories, and had limited political and economic opportunities. The colonial powers had also imposed their cultural and religious beliefs on the people, which led to a loss of their identity and heritage.

Secondly, the experiences of World War II had a significant impact on the people's desire for independence. The war highlighted the need for democracy, human rights, and freedom, and the colonial powers' actions during the war were often brutal and oppressive. Many people lost their lives, and their sacrifices were not acknowledged or appreciated by the colonial powers. This experience led to a strong sense of nationalism and a desire to establish independent, democratic governments.

Lastly, the rise of international organizations such as the United Nations (UN) and the increasing pressure from other countries, particularly the United States and the Soviet Union, also played a role in demanding independence. The UN Charter recognized the right to self-determination, and many countries in the world were fighting for their independence. The colonial powers were also weakened after the war and could not maintain their hold on their colonies as they did before.

In conclusion, the people of India and other colonial territories had several justifications for demanding independence after World War II. They sought self-determination, democracy, human rights, and freedom, and were influenced by their experiences during the war and the changing global political climate.

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Answer:

Germany, Spain, and Italy

Explanation:

.

The establishment of the House of Burgesses in 1619 and creation of the Mayflower Compact in 1620 indicated that the colonists understood the importance of self-government, representative democracy, and the rule of law.

These two events were crucial in the development of the American political system and the establishment of the principles that would later shape the country's government.

The House of Burgesses was the first legislative body in the American colonies, and it was created by the Virginia Company to provide the colonists with a voice in their own governance. This marked a significant shift from the authoritarian rule of the Virginia Company, which had previously governed the colony with little input from the colonists themselves.

The establishment of the House of Burgesses was a critical step towards self-government and representative democracy, as it allowed the colonists to participate in the political process and have a say in the laws that governed them.

Similarly, the Mayflower Compact was a landmark agreement that established a democratic system of government among the Pilgrims who settled in Plymouth, Massachusetts. The Compact was a social contract that established the rules and regulations that would govern the new settlement, and it was signed by all of the adult male passengers on the Mayflower.

This agreement was significant because it established the idea of consent of the governed, in which the people themselves agreed to be governed by a set of rules that they had a hand in creating.

Together, the establishment of the House of Burgesses and the creation of the Mayflower Compact demonstrated that the colonists understood the importance of self-government, representative democracy, and the rule of law. These principles would become the foundation of the American political system and would shape the country's government for centuries to come.

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The dome of the Hagia Sophia in Constantinople is supported by four triangular surfaces known as pendentives

In the Compromise of 1850, the territories of New Mexico, California, Nevada, and Utah would be allowed to decide for themselves whether to enter as free or slave states.

This was a significant compromise reached between the North and the South over the issue of slavery. The Compromise of 1850 was a series of laws passed by the United States Congress that sought to ease tensions between the Northern and Southern states over the issue of slavery and its expansion into the newly acquired territories.
The Compromise of 1850 included several provisions.

The most important of these was the decision to allow the territories of New Mexico, California, Nevada, and Utah to decide for themselves whether to enter as free or slave states. This was known as the principle of popular sovereignty, which meant that the people of each territory would be allowed to vote on the issue of slavery.

This was a major departure from previous practice, where Congress had determined the status of each new state.
The Compromise of 1850 also included provisions to strengthen the Fugitive Slave Act, which required citizens to help capture and return runaway slaves to their owners.

This was a deeply unpopular law in the North, where many people opposed slavery and believed that the law violated basic principles of justice and freedom.
Overall, the Compromise of 1850 was an important step towards easing tensions between the North and the South over the issue of slavery.

However, it was only a temporary solution, and the issue of slavery would continue to divide the country until the outbreak of the Civil War in 1861.

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The answer to the question is that the Compromise of 1850 was a series of legislative measures that attempted to ease tensions between the Northern and Southern states over the issue of slavery.

Option a. is true in that the Compromise of 1850 did not completely resolve the issue of slavery and actually contributed to further polarization between the North and South, with each region becoming more entrenched in its views on the issue.

Option b. is also correct in that the Compromise did establish New Mexico as a territory without any specific provision for slavery, which was seen as a win for the anti-slavery movement.

Option c. is also true in that the Compromise abolished the slave trade (but not slavery itself) in the District of Columbia, which was viewed as a symbol of national unity.

However, option d. is not entirely accurate as the Compromise of 1850 did not ultimately lead to lasting peace between the North and South. Instead, it was a temporary solution that helped delay the outbreak of the Civil War for a few years, but ultimately failed to address the fundamental issues at the heart of the conflict.

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Answer:

1. Explain Upton Sinclair’s “ Jungle”? Upton Sinclair's "The Jungle" is a novel that depicts the harsh conditions and exploitation of workers in the meatpacking industry in Chicago during the early 20th century. The book also exposes unsanitary practices and corruption in the industry, leading to significant reforms in food safety regulations.

2. What is the 19th amendment? The 19th amendment is a constitutional amendment that granted women the right to vote in the United States. It was ratified in 1920 after a long and hard-fought battle by suffragettes.

3. Explain the square deal (F.D.A.)?

The square deal was a domestic program introduced by President Theodore Roosevelt that aimed to protect consumers, regulate corporations, and conserve natural resources. It was based on the principles of fair competition, increased regulation, and social justice.

4. Explain immigration push and pull factors? Immigration push factors refer to the reasons why people leave their home country, such as poverty, political instability, and war. Immigration pull factors refer to the reasons why people choose a particular destination country, such as economic opportunities, political stability, and family reunification.

5. The Dawes Act, also known as the General Allotment Act, was a law passed by the U.S. Congress in 1887 that aimed to assimilate Native Americans into American society by dividing their land into individual plots and encouraging them to become farmers. However, the act ultimately resulted in the loss of millions of acres of Native American land and the erosion of their cultural traditions.

Explanation:

Robert Thorne of England created a major category of type designs around 1803 called "fat faces", roman faces whose contrast and weight were greatly increased by expanding the thickness of their heavy strokes.

Answer:

The major event that began in 1929 is A.) the Great Depression. It was a severe worldwide economic depression that lasted from 1929 to the late 1930s, affecting many countries and causing widespread unemployment, poverty, and hardship. The Great Depression began with the Wall Street Crash of 1929, which marked the start of a decade-long economic downturn that had significant social, economic, and political effects around the world.

During World War II, Soviet Premier Joseph Stalin repeatedly called for the opening of a second front in France by the United States and the British. Stalin's objective was to relieve the pressure on the Soviet Union, which was bearing the brunt of the war on the Eastern Front, by forcing Germany to divert its troops and resources to the West. Despite Stalin's urging, the Allies did not open a second front in France until June 6, 1944, with the D-Day invasion of Normandy. The delay in opening the second front remains a controversial issue and a subject of debate among historians.

Soviet Premier Joseph Stalin wanted the Americans and the British to open up a second front in France in 1942 and 1943 because he desired to:
1. Relieve pressure on the Soviet Union: By opening a second front, the Germans would have to divert some of their forces to France, easing the burden on Soviet forces on the Eastern Front.
2. Speed up the defeat of Nazi Germany: A second front in France would force Germany to fight a war on multiple fronts, weakening their overall military strength and hastening their defeat.
3. Strengthen Soviet influence in post-war Europe: Stalin wanted to ensure that the Soviet Union would have a strong presence in post-war Europe, and having the Allies open a second front in France would contribute to this goal by showing the importance of Soviet cooperation in defeating Nazi Germany.

In summary, Joseph Stalin wanted the Americans and the British to open a second front in France in 1942 and 1943 to relieve pressure on the Soviet Union, speed up the defeat of Nazi Germany, and strengthen Soviet influence in post-war Europe.

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Answer:

A

Explanation:Air pollution can cause the world harm and potentially harm those who launched the bomb in the first place, therefore air pollution is not a pleasant side effect and might result in worse conditions on earth.

Life in Mongolia before the establishment of the Mongol Empire was Most people lived as nomads who hunted and herded animals. The correct option is c.

Archaeologists have found evidence of human occupation of Mongolia starting in the Lower Paleolithic. The area has shown evidence of human occupation ever since.

Before Genghis Khan, the Mongolian nomads followed a typical pattern of nomadic peoples, alternating between vast empires and small-scale tribal organizations. The first empire was built by the Hunnu, a proto-Mongolian tribe. The Hunnu Empire played a major role in shaping the social and political structures of Central Asian nomadic tribes.

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The Adams-Onis Treaty, also known as the Transcontinental Treaty, was signed between the United States and Spain in 1819. The treaty was named after the two men who negotiated it: John Quincy Adams and Luis de Onis.

The Adams-Onis treaty settled a long-standing border dispute between the two countries, which had arisen due to the US's territorial expansion into the Southeast and the Gulf Coast region.

Under the treaty, Spain ceded Florida to the US and agreed to give up any claims to the Oregon Territory. In exchange, the US agreed to give up its claims to Texas, which was then a part of Mexico.

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The following responsibilities of Texas citizens allow the government to function:

serving on a jury

obeying laws

paying taxes

voting

A responsibility entails something that a citizen is compelled to do by law (also known as an obligation). Following the law, paying taxes, defending the country, and sitting on juries are a few examples of obligations. Rule of Law: The law applies to everyone. Knowing the law is necessary for compliance.

American citizens are expected to fulfil certain civic obligations in order to keep our nation running efficiently. While certain civic obligations are obligatory by law, others are voluntary.

The correct answers are 1, 2, 3 and 4.

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