UV light has limitations as a means of sterilization because it is not effective against all types of microorganisms and it cannot penetrate through surfaces or materials.
While UV light is effective against viruses and bacteria on surfaces that are directly exposed to the light, it may not be effective against spores or other resistant organisms. Additionally, if there are shadows or areas that are not directly exposed to the light, those areas may not be sterilized.
Furthermore, UV light cannot penetrate through materials such as fabrics, paper, or plastic, which means that it may not be effective in sterilizing certain items or surfaces. Additionally, UV light can be harmful to human skin and eyes, which means that proper precautions must be taken when using it in operating rooms or clean rooms.
In summary, while UV light can be effective in certain situations, it has limitations and should be used in conjunction with other sterilization methods for maximum effectiveness.
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Which requires more work, increasing a car's speed from 0 mph to 30 mph or from 50 mph to 60 mph?
Increasing a car's speed from 0 mph to 30 mph requires more work than that of 50 mph to 60 mph.
What is work?Work is a measure of energy expended in moving an object. It is calculated by multiplying the force by the distance.
According to this question, work is required to move a car from one position to another.
The distance moved from 0 - 30mph is more than that moved from 50 - 60mph, therefore, increasing a car's speed from 0 mph to 30 mph requires more work than that of 50 mph to 60 mph.
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Color is a result of the absorption and reflection of light. A shirt appears a color because it reflects that color of light. A shirt appears black when it absorbs all wavelengths of light. Why does a shirt appear white outside on a sunny day
The clothing seems white because the entire light is reflected.
what is absorption and reflection?Absorption:
This occurs when light is transformed into another type of energy. This happens when light vanishes while travelling through another medium.
reflection:
It is referred to as light reflection when a light ray hits a polished, smooth surface and bounces back. The incident light rays hit the surface and are reflected off of it. The beam that returns is referred to as the reflected ray.
according to the question we know that a shirt appears a color because it reflects that color of light. A shirt appears black when it absorbs all wavelengths of light. In case of white shirt no wavelength is absorbed by the shirt due to which the shirt appears white and in simple words the entire light is reflected back.
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If a truck in front of your car begins to turn left, but its right turn signals are flashing, it is most likely that the truck driver __________________.
If a truck in front of your car begins to turn left, but its right turn signals are flashing, it is most likely that the truck driver is making a mistake or he is not conscious of his driving
What is traffic light?Traffic light can simply be defined as a set of automatically operated coloured lights such as red, amber, and green, for controlling traffic at road junctions, pedestrian crossings and roundabouts.
Below are the meaning of some traffic light colours:
Red means stop or dangerGreen means go. I.e it is safe to proceedYellow means move with caution or get ready to stopSo therefore, if a truck in front of your car begins to turn left, but its right turn signals are flashing, it is most likely that the truck driver is making a mistake
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On what does the magnitude of an applied torque depend?
Answer:
See below
Explanation:
The force applied and the length of the arm
The magnitude of an applied torque depend on force vector, 'θ' is the angle between r and F, and the distance vector.
What is torque?
The force that can cause an object to rotate along an axis is measured as torque. Similar to how force accelerates an item in linear kinematics, torque accelerates an object in an angular direction. A vector quantity is a torque.
Torque is defined as Γ=r×F=rFsin(θ). In other words, torque is the cross product of the force vector, where 'θ' is the angle between r and F, and the distance vector (the distance between the pivot point and the place where force is applied).
The magnitude of an applied torque depend on force vector, 'θ' is the angle between r and F, and the distance vector.
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(a) A certain parallel-plate capacitor has plates of area 4.00m2 , separated by 0.0100 mm of nylon, and stores 0.170 C of charge. What is the applied voltage
The applied voltage is 1.41* 10⁴ kV.
Calculation of applied voltage-
The capacitance of parallel plates in the absence of a dielectric is:
C = ∈₀A/d
where, "d" = the spacing between the plates = 0.01 * 10⁻³ m
"A" = the area of the plates = 4 m²
"∈₀" = the constant = 8.85419*10⁻¹² C²/Nm²
So, C₀ = [tex]\frac{8.85419*10^{-12}*4 }{0.0100*10^{-3} }[/tex]
= 3541.67 *10⁻⁹ F
The dielectric constant, κ= 3.4, is defined as:
κ = C/C₀
The effective capacitance (with the dielectric) is denoted by "C", whereas the original capacitance is denoted by "C₀". (without the dielectric).
As a result, the new capacitance is:
C = κC₀
However, capacitance is connected to a voltage by:
C = Q/V
utilizing the increased capacitance and accounting for "V":
κC₀ = Q/V
V = Q/κC₀ = [tex]\frac{0.170}{3.4 * 3541.67 *10^{-9} }[/tex] = 1.41* 10⁴ kV
Therefore the applied voltage is 1.41* 10⁴ kV.
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A vector is 14.4 m long and
points in a 133 degree
direction.
Find the x-component of the
vector.
The x-component of the given vector is determined as 10.53 m.
X component of the vector
The x-component of a vector is defined as the value of the vector or component of the vector in the x direction.
For a vector of 14.4 m long and pointing in a 133 degree direction.
The x-component of the vector is calculated as follows;
Vx = V cosθ
where;
θ is the angle of inclination measured from positive x axisθ = 133⁰ - 90⁰ = 43⁰
Vx = 14.4 x cos(43)
Vx = 10.53 m
Thus, the x-component of the given vector is determined as 10.53 m.
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an ambulance with a siren emitting a whine at 1600Hz overtakes and passes a cyclist pedaling a bike at 2.44 m/s. After being passed the cyclist hears a frequency of 1590 Hz. How fast was ambulance moving
The speed of the ambulance is 4.61 m/s.
Calculation:Doppler's effect formula is used, which is
[tex]f' = f (\frac{v + vo}{v + vs})[/tex]
Where,
f' = observer frequency of sound
f = actual frequency of sound waves
v = speed of sound waves
vo = velocity of observer
vs = velocity of source
Here, observer is the cyclist and source is the ambulance.
Given,
f' = 1590 Hz
f = 1600 Hz
v = 343 m/s
vo = 2.44 m/s
Now put the given values in the above formula,
[tex]f' = f (\frac{v + vo}{v + vs})[/tex]
[tex]1590 = 1600 (\frac{343 + 2.44}{343 + vs})[/tex]
[tex]1590 = 1600( \frac{345.44}{343 + vs})[/tex]
[tex]1590 = \frac{552,704}{343+vs}[/tex]
[tex]343+vs = \frac{552,704}{1590\\}[/tex]
[tex]343 + vs = 347.61\\[/tex]
[tex]vs = 347.61 - 343[/tex]
[tex]vs = 4.61 m/s[/tex]
Hence, the speed of the ambulance is 4.61 m/s.
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If a car increases its velocity from zero to 60 km/h in 10 seconds, its acceleration is______.
Answer:
1.66m/s
Explanation:
here
initial velocity(u): 0m/s
final velocity (v):60km= 60×1000/60×60
:16.6m/s
time taken(t): 10s
now
acceleration:v-u/t
or a: 16.6-0/10
:16.6/10
acceleration: 1.66 m/s
In physics, acceleration is the rate at which the velocity of an object changes in relation to time. The sum of all forces exerted on an object results in its acceleration. The acceleration is 1.66 m/s².
The rate at which velocity, either in terms of speed or direction or both, varies over time is known as acceleration. A circle's motion accelerates despite its constant speed because its direction is continually shifting.
Here
initial velocity(u) = 0m/s
final velocity (v) = 60km
v = 60 × 1000 / 60 × 60
v = 16.6 m/s
Time taken(t) = 10s
Now.
acceleration = v-u / t
a = 16.6-0/10
a = 16.6/10
a = 1.66 m/s²
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After landing on an unfamiliar planet, a space explorer constructs a simple pendulum of length 55.0 cmcm. She finds that the pendulum makes 110 complete swings in a time of 145 ss.
Hi there!
First, let's find the period of the pendulum. This can be found by solving for the amount of time it takes for the pendulum to make ONE complete swing.
[tex]T = \frac{\text{Total time}}{\text{Number of complete swings} }\\\\T = \frac{145}{110} = 1.318 s[/tex]
Now, let's use the equation for the period of a simple pendulum:
[tex]T = 2\pi \sqrt{\frac{L}{g}}[/tex]
T = Period (1.318 s)
L = length of string (0.55 m)
g = acceleration due to gravity on planet (? m/s²)
Let's solve for 'g' doing some quick rearranging of the equation:
[tex]T^2 = 4 \pi^2 (\frac{L}{g})\\\\g = \frac{4\pi^2 L}{T^2}\\\\[/tex]
Solving for 'g' by plugging in values:
[tex]g = \frac{4\pi^2 (0.55)}{(1.318)^2}\\ \\= \boxed{12.496 \frac{m}{s^2}}[/tex]
Please help!
You release a pendulum of mass 1 kg from a height of 0.75 m.
A. If there is no air resistance, how fast is the pendulum going when it reaches the bottom?
B. If the pendulum loses 18% of its initial energy by the time it reaches the bottom, how fast is it going when it reaches the bottom?
C. If the pendulum loses another 7% of its remaining energy by the time it reaches the other side, how high does it go?
D. After a few minutes, the pendulum is no longer swinging at all explain why this happens, in terms of energy.
(A) The speed of the pendulum when it reaches the bottom is 3.83 m/s.
(B) The speed of the pendulum when it reaches the bottom after losing 18% of its energy is 3.47 m/s.
(C) The height reached by the pendulum after losing another 7% of its energy is 0.57 m.
(D) When the pendulum stops swinging, it has used all its energy to overcome frictional force of air.
Speed of the pendulum when it reaches the bottomApply the principle of conservation of energy;
K.E = P.E
¹/₂mv² = mgh
v² = 2gh
v = √2gh
v = √(2 x 9.8 x 0.75)
v = 3.83 m/s
Speed pendulum after losing 18% of the its initial energyK.E = (100 - 18)P.E
¹/₂mv² = 0.82mgh
V = √(0.82 x 2gh)
v = √(0.82 x 2 x 9.8 x 0.75)
v = 3.47 m/s
Height reached when its looses another 7%K.E = 0.5(1)(3.47)² = 6.02 J
When it losses 7% = 6.02 - (0.07 x 6.02) = 5.598 J
Height reached:
mgh = 5.598
h = 5.598/mg
h = 5.598/(1 x 9.8)
h = 0.57 m
Final energy of the pendulumWhen the pendulum stops swinging, it has used all its energy to overcome frictional force of air.
Thus, the speed of the pendulum when it reaches the bottom is 3.83 m/s.
The speed of the pendulum when it reaches the bottom after losing 18% of its energy is 3.47 m/s.
The height reached by the pendulum after losing another 7% of its energy is 0.57 m.
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An electric heater,rated 15 volts 40 watts fitted into a metal block supplies heat to the block of mass 1.5kg and specific heat capacity of 460. calculate the temperature rise of in the block if the current flows for 10 minutes
The temperature rises of in the block if the current flows for 10 minutes is, 34.78K.
To find the answer, we need to know about the power of the electric heater.
How to find the temperature rise of in the block if the current flows for 10 minutes?We have given with the variables,[tex]P=40 W\\m=1.5kg\\S=460\\t=10minutes=10*60s=600s[/tex]
We have an expression the heat given to the system as,[tex]P*t= mS[/tex]ΔT
We have to find the temperature rise ΔT,ΔT [tex]=\frac{P*t}{mS} =\frac{40*600}{1.5*460} =34.78K[/tex]
Thus, we can conclude that, the temperature rises in the block if the current flows for 10 minute is 34.78K.
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If the current flows for 10 minutes, the temperature in the block rises by 34.78 K.
We must understand the electric heater's power in order to determine the solution.
How can you determine the block's temperature increase if the current flows for ten minutes?With the variables that we have provided,[tex]P=40Watts\\m=1.5kg\\s=460\\t=10 min=600s[/tex]
The heat supplied to the system is referred to as,[tex]Pt=ms[/tex]ΔT
We must determine the increase in temperature, T.
ΔT[tex]=\frac{Pt}{ms} =34.78 K[/tex]
Thus, we can infer that if the current flows for 10 minutes at 34.78K, the temperature in the block will increase.
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An interstellar spacecraft, far from the influence of any stars or planets, is moving at high speed under the influence of fusion rockets when the engines malfunction and stop. The spacecraft will
An interstellar spacecraft, far from the influence of any stars or planets, is moving at high speed under the influence of fusion rockets when the engines malfunction and stop. The spacecraft will keep moving forever at the same speed.
What is Interstellar spacecraft:Interstellar travel refers to the idea of interstellar probes or crewed spacecraft moving between stars or planetary systems in a galaxy.
here, An interstellar spacecraft, far from the influence of any stars or planets, is moving at high speed.
According to Newton’s first law:
Newton’s first law states that, without any external force, if a body is at rest, it will remain at rest and if the body is moving with constant velocity, it will continue to do so.Since here there is no external force present,
Therefore the spacecraft will keep moving forever at the same speed.
Thus,
from the above observation we conclude that,
option (D) is correct
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The amount of excess load that can be imposed on the wing of an airplane depends upon the:.
The amount of excess load that can be imposed on the wing of an airplane depends upon the speed of the airplane.
What is meant by wing loading?
Wing loading in aerodynamics is the ratio of the loaded weight of the aircraft and the area of each wing. It is given as:
W_L = W (weight of the aircraft) / S (gross wing area of the airplane)
The more speed an aircraft gains, the more lift is produced by each unit of wing area.
Thus, with a high value of wing loading the aircraft lands and takes-off at higher speeds with low maneuvering control. Generally, Airliners have high wing loading while smaller airplanes have lower wing loading.
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In the pinball game, momentum is transferred from the plunger to the ___
In the pinball game, momentum is transferred from the plunger to the ball.
What is momentum?
Momentum is the quantity of motion of a moving body, measured as a product of its mass and velocity.
The formula of the momentum is: p = m*v
Here a pinball game machine is given.
We know that,
A plunger in a pinball is a spring loaded rod used to shoot the ball out into the playing field.When the plunger tugged all the way back and released, the plunger will send the ball flying around the playfield. so here elastic potential energy is converted to kinetic energy.That is how the momentum is transferred to the pinball from the plunger.Hence,
In the pinball game, momentum is transferred from the plunger to the ball.
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Complete the following nuclear reaction:
Answer choice
a) γ
b) α
c) β–
d) p
The particle that was given off in the reaction beta rays is β–. Option C
What is a nuclear reaction?A nuclear reaction will involve the change in the nucleus of an atom. It often leads to the production of new nucleus. As we can see the equation, there was a transformation from nitrogen nucleus to oxygen atom.
Thus, the particle that was given off in the reaction beta rays is β–. The fact that the mass number remained the same but the atomic number increased by one unit from left to right implies that a beta decay has occurred.
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2) Which pattern of organization did Alicia choose for her speech outline?
The pattern of organization Alicia chose for her speech outline is referred to as topical.
What is Topical pattern of organization?
This type of organization involves the arrangement of subtopics within a large or broad topic.
Alicia talked about speech pathology and the different subtopics include challenges, therapy etc which depicts topical pattern.
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A ball is dropped from the top of a building. it initially moves at 4.0 m/s. after 0.5 seconds, it moves at 3.8 m/s. what force is responsible for the slowing of the ball? air resistance gravity normal tension
Air resistance (meeting space requirements)
Answer:
air resistance or A
Explanation:
In order to use the efficiency of a car engine in an optimal way, a maximum engine speed of .........rpm for shifting is recommended for gas engines.
In order to use the efficiency of a car engine in an optimal way, a maximum engine speed of 2,500 rpm for shifting is recommended for gas engines.
The maximum thermal efficiency of modern gasoline engines is over 50%, but legal cars on the road are only about 20% to 35% when used to power cars.
Unfortunately, even with regular car maintenance such as tuning and oil changes, the efficiency of today's gasoline engines is about 30-35%. In other words, about 65 cents per dollar spent on gasoline is wasted.
EPA's 2020 Automotive Trend Report preliminary data shows that the average fuel economy of 2020 model light trucks has increased to 25.7 miles per gallon (MPG). If this preliminary data holds, it will mark the highest average fuel economy ever for a new light commercial vehicle.
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The _______________ is the point in an object where there is as much weight on one side as on the other side. This is also called the center of balance.
The center of gravity is the point in an object where there is as much weight on one side as on the other side. This is also called the center of balance.
what do you mean by center of balance and center of gravity ?
A location where an object is balanced in relation to applied forces is known as the center of balance (COB).
The average location of an object's weight is known as its center of gravity. Any object's travel through space may be completely explained in terms of how its center of gravity moves from one location to another and, if it is free to spin, how it rotates around that center of gravity.
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The innermost satellite of jupiter orbits the planet with a radius of 422 × 103 km and a period of 1.77 days. what is the mass of jupiter? (g = 6.67 × 10-11 n ∙ m2/kg2)?
The mass of Jupitar is obtained from the calculations as 5.8 * 10^-14 Kg.
What is the mass of Jupitar?There are nine planets in the solar system and the sun lies at the enter of our solar system. This is the heliocentric model of the solar system.
Given that;
T^2 = GMr^3/4π
T = period
G = gravitational constant
r = radius
M = mass of Jupitar
Now;
1 day = 86400 seconds
1.77 days = 1.77 days * 86400 seconds/1 day
= 152928 seconds
Making M the subject of the formula;
M =4πT^2/Gr^3
M = 4 * 3.142 * (152928)^2/6.67 × 10^-11 * (422 × 10^9)^3
M = 2.9 * 10^11/5.0 * 10^24
M = 5.8 * 10^-14 Kg
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What would be the wavelength of the 21-cm-line if it was coming from a distance of 8,000,000,000 (8*10^9) light-years
21 cm is the wavelength of the 21-cm-line if it was coming from a distance of 8,000,000,000 (8*10^9) light-years
Only when relative velocity changes do wavelength alter. Thus, the wavelength will not change. A waveform signal that is carried in space or down a wire has a wavelength, which is the separation between two identical places (adjacent crests) in consecutive cycles.
This length is typically defined in wireless systems in meters (m), centimeters (cm), or millimeters (mm). The relationship between frequency and wavelength is inversely proportional. The wavelength of the wave with the highest frequency is the shortest. Half the wavelength corresponds to twice the frequency. The wavelength in the red spectrum is the longest.
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useful and inconvenience of frictional force of a soccor player running with soccer boots
They are useful in providing larger frictional force.
The force produced by two surfaces coming into contact and sliding against one another is referred to as frictional force.
The following variables impact the frictional force: Surface roughness and the amount of force pressing them together have the biggest impact on these forces.
Football shoes have spikes or studs because they offer more frictional force when running on grass than regular shoes do.
The studs make it easier for players to move faster and change directions rapidly without slipping while also preventing them from slipping on the grass.
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Question :
Which of the following has more inertia(mass)
(a) a rubber ball and a stone of the same size?
(b) a bicycle and a train?
(c) a five-rupees coin and a one-rupee coin?
[tex] \\ \\ \\ \\ \\ \\ \\ \\ \\ [/tex]
Please let ZzTheAmrcnNgtMareZz answer
A rubber ball and a stone of the same size are examples which will have more inertia and is therefore denoted as option A.
What is Inertia?This is referred to as the property exhibited by a body in which it has the tendency to remain at rest or in uniform motion.This property is dependent on the mass of the substance as we can deduce that the greater the mass, the greater the inertia and vice versa.
The size of a rubber ball and stone will have different masses in which that of the stone will be greater. This is as a result of the difference in the nature of the substances which are used to make both items mentioned above.
This is therefore the reason why a rubber ball and a stone of the same size as having more inertia(mass) where chosen as the most appropriate choice in this scenario.
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You have discovered the planet Zoltron. It is 10.0 times farther from the Sun than Earth (10.0 AU). How long does it take this planet to go once around the Sun
Planet Zoltron takes 32 days to to go once around the Sun.
To find the answer, we need to know about the third law of Kepler.
What's the Kepler's third law?Kepler's third law says the square of time period is directly proportional to the cube of the radius of the orbit.Mathematically, T²∝a³What's the time period of planet Zoltron present at 10AU from sun?Let T1 , T2 are the time period of Earth and Zoltron. a1, a2 are radius of earth and Zoltron orbit respectively.As per Kepler's third law, (T1/T2)²= (a1/a2)³T2 = (a2/a1)3/2×T1= (10 AU/ 1AU)3/2 × 1day
= 32 days.
Thus, we can conclude that the planet Zoltron has time period of 2 days.
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Two students measure the time constant of an RC circuit. The first student charges the capacitor using a 12 V battery, then lets the capacitor discharge the resistor. The second student repeats the experiment using a 5 V battery. Which student measures the longer time constant
Answer: Two students measure the time constant of an RC circuit. The first student charges the capacitor using a 12 V battery, then lets the capacitor discharge the resistor. The second student repeats the experiment using a 5 V battery. The student who charged the capacitor using 5V will measures the longer time constant.
Explanation: To find the correct answer, we need to know about the time constant of RC circuit.
What is the time constant of the RC circuit?The time constant of a RC circuit can be defined as, the time taken by the charge in the capacitor to grow or decay.It can be expressed as,[tex]T=CR[/tex]
How to solve the problem?We have T=CR, and we know that,[tex]C=Q/V[/tex]
Thus, the lesser voltage will have more C.when C increases, CR will increase.Thus, we can conclude that, the lesser voltage source will take longer time constant.
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A transformer is connected to 120 volts. find the current if the resistance is 4800-ohms.
Answer:
Explanation:
Formula
E = I * R Substitute the givens into the formula
Givens
E = 120 volts
I = ?
R = 4800 0hms
Solution
Ohms law is a 3 letter equation that relates volts ohms (resistance) * current (in amperes)
E = i * R
120 V = I * 4800 ohms Divide both sides by 4800
120 V/4800 = I * 4800/4800 Divide
0.025 amps = I
Answer
I = 0.025 amps
Are the acceleration and force vectors related? does the simulation show this relation?
The direction of the force vector and acceleration are identical (downwards) during the motion. The simulation also indicates the same relation.
Newton's 2nd regulation, F = ma is a vector equation. It says that the net force (a vector) acting on a mass m (a range of) causes an acceleration (a vector) of the object within the same path as the net force.
A simple mathematical relationship exists between the mass of an item (m), the net force at the item (f) and its acceleration (a). The acceleration of an object is without delay proportional to the net force and indirectly proportional to the item's mass (a = f/m).
For example, displacement, velocity, and acceleration are vector quantities, while speed (the magnitude of velocity), time, and mass are scalars. To qualify as a vector, a quantity having magnitude and direction must also obey certain rules of combination.
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Consider the function e(h) = ε h h 2 6 m where m is a bound for the third derivative of a function. Show that e(h) has a minimum at p3 3ε/m
Since , e"(h) = M >0
hence , At p3 3ε/M function e(h) has a minimum of function.
In mathematics, point at which the value of a function is less than or equal to the value at any nearby point (local minimum) or at any point (absolute minimum) or the minimum value of a function is the lowest point of a vertex
e(h) = ∈ /h +( [tex]h^{2}[/tex]/6) M
e'(h) = - ∈ /[tex]h^{2}[/tex] + (2h/6) M
putting , e'(h) = 0
- ∈ /[tex]h^{2}[/tex] + (2h/6) M = 0
h = [tex](3 /M)^{1/3}[/tex] * (∈^(1/3))
e"(h) = 2∈ / [tex]h^{3}[/tex] + (2M)/6 equation 1
substituting value of h in equation 1, we get
e"(h) = 2∈M / 3∈ + M/3
e"(h) = M >0
hence , At p3 3ε/M function e(h) has a minimum
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Normal human body temperature is 98.6°F. What is this temperature expressed in Celsius (°C) and in Kelvin (K)?
Answer: 37 Celsius and 310.15 K
Explanation:
C/5 = (F-32)/9 = (98.6-32)/9 = 66.6/9 = 7.4
C = 7.4 * 5 = 37 so the temperature is 37 Celsius
K = C + 273.15 = 37 + 273.15 = 310.15 K
An 80. 0 kg person will need to climb a 30. 0 m stairway how many times to ""work off"" each excess cal (kcal) consumed?
The answer is 5.618928 kcal
The work done going up the stairway is the amount of gravitational potential energy that you gain.
GPE = m * g * h
= 80 * 9.8 * 30
=23,520J
converting to kcal
= 23520 * (0.2389 cal / 1J) * (1kcal / 1000cal)
= 5.618928 kcal
A calorie is a unit of energy. In nutrition, calories refer to the energy people get from the foods and drinks they eat, and the energy they use in physical activity. calories are indexed in the dietary records on all food packaging. Many weight loss programs center round reducing the consumption of calories.
There are many factors that go into determining your calorie needs. Your age, weight, height, and activity level all play a role. according to nutritional guidelines in the united states, adults 21 years old and older must consume anywhere between 1,600 and 3,000 calories per day.
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