true or false: a pe ratio that is based on estimated future earnings is called a regressive pe ratio.

The lease receivable at the commencement of the lease is $91,000.

To prepare the lease amortization schedule, we first need to calculate the annual lease payment plus bargain purchase option (BPO) price, which is $24,471.94 ($20,471.94 + $4,000). Then, using the factor table provided, we can calculate the interest on the lease receivable and the recovery of the lease receivable for each year. The annual lease payment plus BPO price is allocated as follows: $20,471.94 to interest expense and $4,000 to reduction of the lease receivable. The lease amortization schedule for Mooney is as follows:
Date             Lease Receivable      Interest Expense      Recovery of Lease Receivable     Lease Receivable
5/1/17            $91,000                 $7,280.80                 $4,191.14                                  $83,808.86
5/1/18            $83,808.86             $6,704.71                 $4,767.23                                  $78,746.34
4/30/19          $78,746.34             $6,299.71                 $5,172.23                                  $74,873.82
4/30/20          $74,873.82             $5,989.10                 $5,482.84                                  $70,400.08
4/30/21          $70,400.08             $5,632.01                 $5,839.93                                  $65,590.16
To record the signing of the lease agreement on May 1, 2017:
Date             Account Titles and Explanation           Debit           Credit
5/1/17            Lease Receivable                                     $91,000
                          Sales Revenue                                            $91,000
To record the lease payment on May 1, 2017:

Date             Account Titles and Explanation           Debit           Credit
5/1/17            Cash                                                           $4,000
                          Lease Receivable                                     $4,000
To record the lease payment on May 1, 2018:
Date             Account Titles and Explanation           Debit           Credit
5/1/18            Cash                                                           $4,000
                          Lease Receivable                                     $4,000
                          Interest Revenue                                          $6,704.71
                          Sales Revenue                                             $24,471.94

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To give all journal entries related to the disposal of each machine in the current year, we need to first determine the method of disposal for each machine.

a. Machine A: If Machine A was sold, the journal entry would be:

Debit: Cash (proceeds from sale)
Credit: Machine A (book value)
Credit: Gain/Loss on Disposal of Machine A (difference between proceeds and book value)

If Machine A was scrapped, the journal entry would be:

Debit: Accumulated Depreciation - Machine A (book value)
Credit: Machine A (book value)

b. Machine B: If Machine B was sold, the journal entry would be:

Debit: Cash (proceeds from sale)
Credit: Machine B (book value)
Credit: Gain/Loss on Disposal of Machine B (difference between proceeds and book value)

If Machine B was scrapped, the journal entry would be:

Debit: Accumulated Depreciation - Machine B (book value)
Credit: Machine B (book value)

c. Machine C: If Machine C was sold, the journal entry would be:

Debit: Cash (proceeds from sale)
Credit: Machine C (book value)
Credit: Gain/Loss on Disposal of Machine C (difference between proceeds and book value)

If Machine C was scrapped, the journal entry would be:

Debit: Accumulated Depreciation - Machine C (book value)
Credit: Machine C (book value)

It's important to note that the book value of each machine is equal to its cost minus accumulated depreciation up to the date of disposal. Also, the gain or loss on disposal is calculated by subtracting the book value from the proceeds from sale.

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The company needs to sell 24 units to break even.

To calculate the breakeven point, we need to determine the total fixed costs and contribution margin per unit.

The total fixed costs are the sum of the rent and insurance costs, which equals $9,000 per month. The contribution margin per unit is the difference between the selling price and variable cost, which equals $450 per unit.

Dividing the total fixed costs by the contribution margin per unit gives us the breakeven point of 24 units per month. Therefore, the company needs to sell at least 24 units per month to cover all of its fixed and variable costs and break even.

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The cost Min258 should the company plan to purchase during August is $950,000, option C.

A business plan, which is a comprehensive outline of the new company, is crucial to the beginning process. A business plan requires that you take into account the various initial expenditures. Underestimating costs inflates predicted net profit, which is bad news for any owner of a small firm.

Before beginning a firm, careful market and customer research must be done. Some business owners decide to work with market research companies to help them with their evaluation process.

Any type of business needs a financial injection to get started. For a firm, there are two ways to get money: equity financing and debt financing. The issuing of stock is often a requirement for equity financing, but as the majority of small firms are proprietorships, this is not the case for them.

Required of Min 258 for 6,000 units of P8000  = 180,000

Required Inventory at ending = 50,000

Inventory at beginning = 40,000

Total ponds to be purchased = 190,000

Ponds $5 each

Cost of Purchase of Min258 = (5 x 190,000) = $950,000.

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Complete question:

Expo Minerals has 40,000 pounds of Min258 in inventory at the beginning of August. Each pound costs $5. The company plans to produce 6,000 units of P8000 made out of Min258 in August. If each P8000 requires 30 pounds of Min258 and Expo Minerals wants 50,000 pounds of Min258 in inventory at the end of August, what is the cost Min258 should the company plan to purchase during August?

Group of answer choices

$1,050,000

$850,000

$950,000

$900,000

The annual rate of return is $114,000.

The annual rate of return is calculated by dividing the expected annual income by the initial investment, minus the salvage value, divided by 2.

The formula for the annual rate of return is:

Annual Rate of Return = (Annual Expected Income / [(Initial Investment - Salvage Value) / 2]) x 100%

Plugging in the given values, we get:

Annual Rate of Return = ($21,000 / [($240,000 - $12,000) / 2]) x 100%

Annual Rate of Return = ($21,000 / $114,000) x 100%

Annual Rate of Return = 18.42%

Therefore, the denominator in computing the annual rate of return is $114,000.

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A new sand sifter was introduced into production by Jobe Concrete Products three years ago. It had a $100,000 installed cost, a 5-year life, and a $20,000 estimated salvage. The book value after 2 years is $24,000.

To determine the book value after 2 years, we need to first calculate the accumulated depreciation for the first two years. Since the asset has a total life of 5 years, the remaining life after 2 years would be 5 - 2 = 3 years.

The accumulated depreciation after 2 years can be calculated as follows:

Accumulated Depreciation = Depreciation for Year 1 + Depreciation for Year 2

Accumulated Depreciation = $36,000 + $20,000

Accumulated Depreciation = $56,000

The book value after 2 years can be calculated as follows:

Book Value = Installed Cost - Accumulated Depreciation - Salvage Value

Book Value = $100,000 - $56,000 - $20,000

Book Value = $24,000

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To find the value of the Ortegas' investment after 10 years with an annual interest rate of 6% compounded annually, we can use the formula for compound interest:

A = P(1 + r/n)^(nt)

Where:

A = the future value of the investment

P = the principal amount (initial investment)

r = the annual interest rate (as a decimal)

n = the number of times the interest is compounded per year

t = the number of years

In this case, the principal amount (P) is $1000, the annual interest rate (r) is 6% or 0.06, the number of times the interest is compounded per year (n) is 1 (compounded annually), and the number of years (t) is 10.

Plugging these values into the formula:

A = $1000(1 + 0.06/1)^(1*10)

A = $1000(1 + 0.06)^10

A = $1000(1.06)^10

Using a calculator, we can evaluate this expression:

A ≈ $1000 * 1.790847

A ≈ $1790.85

Therefore, the value of the Ortegas' investment after 10 years would be approximately $1790.85.

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The production planner uses the "inventory status report" to determine if there is sufficient stock to complete production.

This report provides crucial information on the availability and levels of raw materials and other components required for the manufacturing process.

By reviewing the inventory status report, the production planner can make informed decisions about whether to proceed with a production order, adjust schedules, or take other necessary actions to ensure the timely completion of products.

The bill of materials, raw material, and materials requisition form are related concepts, but the inventory status report is the key tool used to assess stock levels for production planning purposes.

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In a lawsuit between the bank and Ursula regarding the reward funds, Ursula is likely to prevail. This is because Ursula had completed the required conditions to receive the reward money by providing the information that led to the arrest of the suspect.

The bank had advertised the reward as an offer for anyone who could provide information leading to the arrest of the suspect, and Ursula fulfilled that requirement. Furthermore, the bank did not specify any terms or conditions that would disqualify Ursula from receiving the reward money.

Therefore, the bank's refusal to pay Ursula the reward money would be a breach of contract. Ted, on the other hand, did not meet the conditions set by the bank to qualify for the reward money.

He did not provide the information that led to the arrest of the suspect. Therefore, he would not be entitled to any reward money. Overall, Ursula has a stronger case for receiving the reward money, and the court is likely to rule in her favor.

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The marginal product of the 12th worker cannot be determined from the given information.

Marginal product refers to the additional output produced by an additional unit of input, which in this case is a worker. The given information states that the marginal product of the 11th worker is 13 bushels of oranges, but it does not provide any information about the total output or the number of workers required to achieve that output.

Hence, it is not possible to determine the marginal product of the 12th worker based on the given information alone. It depends on various factors such as the state of the grove, the technology used, the quality of the soil, and weather conditions. To calculate the marginal product of the 12th worker, additional information would be needed.

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The value on January 1, 2005 of quarterly payments of $100 for 10 years, with the first payment at the end of the first quarter, is $6,065.17.

To calculate the value on January 1, 2005 of quarterly payments of $100 for 10 years, we need to use the present value formula.

The present value formula is:

PV = PMT x [1 - (1 + r/4)^(-n x 4)] / (r/4)

Where:

PV = present value

PMT = payment amount

r = interest rate

n = number of periods

In this case, PMT = $100, r = the quarterly interest rate, and n = 10 years x 4 quarters per year = 40 quarters.

To find the quarterly interest rate, we need to know the annual interest rate. Let's assume the annual interest rate is 5%. To find the quarterly interest rate, we divide the annual interest rate by 4:

Quarterly interest rate = 5% / 4 = 1.25%

Now we can use the present value formula:

PV = $100 x [1 - (1 + 1.25%)^(-40)] / (1.25%)

PV = $100 x [1 - (1.0125)^(-40)] / (0.0125)

PV = $100 x [1 - 0.3034] / 0.0125

PV = $6065.17

Therefore, the value on January 1, 2005 of quarterly payments of $100 for 10 years, with the first payment at the end of the first quarter, is $6,065.17.

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The risk you're referring to is called "expropriation risk." Expropriation risk is the possibility that a firm's property, assets, or investments may be seized or confiscated by a foreign government or authority.

This risk typically arises in situations where a government takes control of privately-held assets for the purpose of redistribution or nationalization, often without providing fair compensation to the original owners. To manage expropriation risk, firms should conduct thorough research on the political stability and regulatory environment of the countries they operate in. Understanding the legal framework and potential risks in advance can help businesses make informed decisions about their investments and operations. Additionally, firms may opt for insurance coverage that specifically addresses expropriation risk, which can offer a financial safeguard in case of asset seizure.
In summary, expropriation risk is the potential for a firm's property to be confiscated or expropriated by a foreign government or authority. To mitigate this risk, businesses should research the political and regulatory landscape of the countries they operate in and consider insurance coverage for added protection.

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Social networking sites are useful for relationship marketing, or the creation of relationships that mutually benefit the business and customer.

Relationship marketing is a customer-focused approach that aims to build long-term customer loyalty and engagement by developing a personalized, two-way relationship with the customer. Social networking sites provide a platform for businesses to engage with their customers on a personal level, by offering exclusive content, personalized promotions, and customer service. By building relationships with customers through social media, businesses can create a loyal customer base that is more likely to make repeat purchases, refer others to the business, and provide valuable feedback to improve the business's products and services.

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The given statement "firms usually internalize those value-chain activities they consider part of their core competencies" is true because core competencies refer to the unique capabilities or strengths of a firm that distinguish it from its competitors and contribute to its competitive advantage.

By internalizing these activities, firms can control the quality and cost of the production process, streamline their operations, and ultimately increase their profits. For example, a technology company may choose to internalize software development as it is a core competency that enables the company to create innovative and high-quality products.

On the other hand, the same company may choose to outsource its manufacturing activities to a third-party vendor, as it is not a core competency and can be performed by other companies at a lower cost. In conclusion, firms focus on their core competencies to achieve sustainable competitive advantage, and internalizing value-chain activities that align with these competencies is a crucial aspect of this strategy.

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The leadership of CEO Mark Zuckerberg and COO Sheryl Sandberg have managed social media sites through incredible growth such that the company grows by 8 people per second.

Despite facing intense scrutiny and criticism over issues related to privacy, content moderation, and political influence, Zuckerberg and Sandberg have been able to steer the company toward continued growth and profitability.

Their leadership has been characterized by a relentless focus on innovation, a willingness to take risks, and an ability to adapt to changing market conditions.

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Bertha's action of holding some of her savings as currency and coins in her sewing basket is an example of preparing for unforeseen events such as emergencies or unexpected expenses.

It is always wise to have some cash on hand in case of power outages, natural disasters, or other unexpected events that may disrupt electronic transactions or ATM access. Bertha's action of holding some of her savings as currency and coins in her sewing basket is an example of "precautionary demand for money." Precautionary demand refers to the practice of holding a portion of one's wealth in a liquid form, such as currency or coins, to be prepared for unexpected events or emergencies.

A currency is a standardization of money in any form, in use or circulation as a medium of exchange, for example banknotes and coins. A more general definition is that a currency is a system of money in common use within a specific environment over time, especially for people in a nation state.

Under this definition, the British Pound Currencies may act as stores of value and be traded between nations in foreign exchange markets, which determine the relative values of the different currencies. Currencies in this sense are either chosen by users or decreed by governments, and each type has limited boundaries of acceptance; i.e., legal tender laws may require a particular unit of account for payments to government agencies.

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If managers monitor and observe the behavior of subordinates, teach subordinates which behaviors are appropriate and inappropriate, and intervene to take corrective action as needed, they are managing by using a behavioral approach.

This approach focuses on modifying the behavior of employees through monitoring and feedback to reinforce desirable behaviors and correct undesirable ones.

Managers who use this approach rely on techniques such as positive reinforcement, negative reinforcement, and punishment to encourage the desired behavior and discourage the unwanted behavior.

By implementing a behavioral approach, managers can create a work environment that fosters productivity and promotes positive work behavior, ultimately leading to increased organizational success.

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The correct answer to your question is "cost of issuing new stock." Flotation cost refers to the expenses incurred by a company when it issues new shares of stock to the public.

One reason why companies issue new stock is to raise capital to finance their operations, invest in new projects, or pay off debt. However, the cost of issuing new stock can be significant, especially for smaller companies. For example, if a company issues $10 million worth of new stock and incurs a flotation cost of 5%, it will have to pay $500,000 in fees.
Another reason why companies issue new stock is to satisfy the demand from investors who want to buy their shares. Holding stock on hand can be costly for companies because it ties up their capital and exposes them to market risk. By issuing new shares, companies can distribute the risk among a larger number of shareholders and reduce their exposure to market fluctuations. On the other hand, issuing new debt can also have costs associated with it, such as interest payments and fees. However, the cost of debt is usually lower than the cost of equity because debt holders have a higher priority claim on a company's assets in the event of bankruptcy.

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If Rose receives a one-time payment of $20,000 in 16 years, it would have the same buying power as $57,640 in today's dollars.

Assuming an inflation rate of 6% per year, we can use the formula for future value to determine the buying power of $20,000 in today's dollars.
FV = PV x (1 + r)^n
Where:
FV = future value
PV = present value
r = annual interest rate (in this case, inflation rate)
n = number of years
Using the formula, we have:
FV = $20,000 x (1 + 0.06)^16
FV = $20,000 x 2.882
FV = $57,640
Therefore, if Rose receives a one-time payment of $20,000 in 16 years, it would have the same buying power as $57,640 in today's dollars. This means that due to inflation, the value of money decreases over time, and Rose would need to adjust her retirement plans accordingly to account for the decrease in purchasing power.

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The journal entry for employee bonuses at Springfield Company.

In this scenario, Springfield Company has an estimated bonus amount of $965,000 for the current year, which will be paid in January of the following year. To record this as a journal entry on December 31, you will need to make an adjustment in the company's accounting records.

The journal entry on December 31 would be as follows:

1. Debit "Bonus Expense" for $965,000: This entry recognizes the expense associated with the bonus plan for the current year.

2. Credit "Bonus Payable" for $965,000: This entry acknowledges the company's obligation to pay the bonuses to its employees during January of the following year.

In summary, the journal entry on December 31 for Springfield Company's employee bonuses would be:

- Debit Bonus Expense: $965,000
- Credit Bonus Payable: $965,000

This entry ensures that the company properly records both the expense and the liability associated with the bonus plan, maintaining accurate financial statements for the current year.

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The amount by which government spending exceeds government revenues is called the deficit, and the accumulation of past government borrowing is called the debt.

The deficit refers to the annual shortfall between government spending and revenue, while the debt refers to the total amount of money owed by the government due to past deficits. Deficits can be caused by a variety of factors, including economic downturns, increased spending on social programs, and decreased tax revenues. In order to finance these deficits, the government must borrow money by issuing bonds or other forms of debt. Over time, these deficits can accumulate and lead to a growing debt burden. Managing deficits and debt is an important part of fiscal policy. Governments must balance the need for spending on essential programs with the goal of maintaining a sustainable fiscal position. Too much borrowing can lead to higher interest rates, inflation, and reduced economic growth. Therefore, governments must carefully consider their spending priorities and revenue sources to ensure that deficits and debt remain manageable.

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The estimated ending inventory for Steve's Candy Store in January is $263,000, calculated by subtracting the cost of goods sold ($480,000 x 80%) from the beginning inventory ($171,000) and adding any additional purchases made during the month.

The estimated ending inventory for Steve's Candy Store in January is calculated using the normal gross profit rate of 20%. This means that the cost of goods sold (COGS) is 80% of the net sales revenue. Therefore, we can find the COGS by multiplying the net sales revenue by 80%, which is $488,000. To estimate the ending inventory, we start with the beginning inventory of $171,000, add any additional purchases made during the month ($480,000), and subtract the estimated COGS ($488,000). This gives us an estimated ending inventory of $263,000. This calculation assumes that the normal gross profit rate remains consistent throughout the month and that there are no abnormal inventory losses or gains.

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In this closed economy, savings is $3 trillion. According to the full aggregate expenditures model, savings in a closed economy can be calculated by subtracting the total expenditures from the total income.

In this case, total income would be the sum of government spending, business investment, and taxes which is $4 trillion + $3 trillion + $3 trillion = $10 trillion. Total expenditures would be the sum of government spending and business investment which is $4 trillion + $3 trillion = $7 trillion. Therefore, savings in this closed economy would be $10 trillion - $7 trillion = $3 trillion. It is important to note that the full aggregate expenditures model takes into account all components of aggregate demand, including consumption, government spending, business investment, and net exports, to determine the overall level of economic activity.
To calculate savings in a closed economy using the full aggregate expenditures model, we need to first find the equilibrium GDP level. The aggregate expenditures model is defined as:

AE = C + I + G, where
AE = Aggregate Expenditures
C = Consumption
I = Business Investment
G = Government Spending

In a closed economy, equilibrium GDP (Y) occurs when AE = Y. Additionally, the formula for savings (S) in a closed economy is:

S = Y - C - G

Given the information provided:
G = $4 trillion
I = $3 trillion (business investment)
Taxes are not needed in this calculation.

First, find equilibrium GDP (Y):
Y = C + I + G

We are not given C (consumption), but we know that savings and consumption together make up the GDP. Therefore, we can rewrite the formula as:

Y = S + G

Next, we can find the savings (S) using the given information and the aggregate expenditures model:

S = Y - G

Since Y = I + G, we can substitute this into the formula:

S = (I + G) - G

Now plug in the given values:
S = ($3 trillion + $4 trillion) - $4 trillion
S = $3 trillion

In this closed economy, savings is $3 trillion.

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There are three main modes of transporting aggregate: trucking, rail, and barge. Each mode has its own advantages and disadvantages. In terms of transporting aggregate from New Orleans to Miami, the most economical mode would be barge transportation.

Trucking is the most common mode of transporting aggregate as it is widely available and flexible in terms of delivery schedules. However, trucking can be costly, especially for long distances, and it has a higher carbon footprint compared to other modes. Rail transportation is efficient and cost-effective for large quantities of aggregate, especially for longer distances. However, rail transportation is limited to areas with access to rail lines, and it can be challenging to find the right rail carrier and schedule.

Barge transportation is the most economical mode for transporting large quantities of aggregate over long distances, especially for locations along waterways. Barges have a much larger carrying capacity than trucks, and they consume less fuel than trucks and trains. However, barge transportation is weather-dependent and can be affected by water levels. In terms of transporting aggregate from New Orleans to Miami, the most economical mode would be barge transportation. This route follows the Mississippi River and the Gulf Intracoastal Waterway, which allows for efficient and cost-effective transportation of large quantities of aggregate.

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A characteristic of a petroleum product, similar to what an arsonist might use to increase the intensity of a fire, is its high flammability. This property enables the rapid ignition and spread of flames, making it a dangerous accelerant in arson situations.

A characteristic of petroleum products that is similar to what an arsonist might use to increase the intensity of a fire is their high flammability. Petroleum products, such as gasoline, diesel fuel, and kerosene, are highly flammable liquids that can ignite easily when exposed to heat or flame. This characteristic makes them valuable as fuels for transportation and other applications, but it also makes them dangerous when mishandled or used improperly.

Arsonists may use accelerants, which are substances that can be used to increase the intensity of a fire, to help start or spread a fire. Petroleum products are often used as accelerants in arson cases, due to their high flammability and ability to ignite easily. This is one reason why it is important to handle and store petroleum products safely and in accordance with established regulations and guidelines.

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The actual supplies cost for the month was $12,550. The spending variance for supplies cost in November is -$374.

To calculate the spending variance for supplies cost in November, we need to compare the actual supplies cost with the expected supplies cost based on the planned activity level.
Using Pittman Framing's cost formula, the expected supplies cost for November would be:
$1,080 + ($18 per frame x 618 frames) = $12,924
However, the actual supplies cost for November was $12,550.
To find the spending variance, we subtract the expected cost from the actual cost:
$12,550 - $12,924 = -$374
The negative sign indicates that the actual supplies cost was lower than the expected cost based on the planned activity level. This means that Pittman Framing spent less on supplies than they had budgeted for, which could be due to a variety of factors such as negotiating better prices with suppliers or using materials more efficiently.
Therefore, the spending variance for supplies cost in November is -$374.

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To prepare an income statement for the company under variable costing, we need to separate the fixed and variable costs in the cost of goods sold and selling and administrative expenses.

Income Statement (Variable Costing)

Sales (80,000 units × $50 per unit) $ 4,000,000

Variable cost of goods sold (80,000 units × $21 per unit) $ 1,680,000

Contribution margin $ 2,320,000

Variable selling and administrative expenses (80,000 units × $2.25 per unit) $ 180,000

Contribution margin after variable expenses $ 2,140,000

Fixed manufacturing overhead (100,000 units × $9 per unit) $ 900,000

Fixed selling and administrative expenses $ 350,000

Total fixed expenses $ 1,250,000

Net income $ 890,000

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The primary purpose of a business message is to inform, persuade, or collaborate with the audience.

The communication process in business aims to transmit information from one person or group to another in order to achieve certain objectives. These objectives can be to inform the audience about a new product, service, or policy; persuade them to take a particular action; or collaborate with them to achieve a common goal. Informative messages are used to provide information to the audience, whether it is about a new product, company news, or any other relevant information.

Such messages aim to inform the audience about something that they may not already know, which can be helpful to them. Persuasive messages, on the other hand, are used to influence the audience's behavior or attitude. These messages aim to persuade the audience to take a particular action, such as buying a product or service or supporting a particular idea or initiative.

Collaborative messages aim to create an environment of teamwork and cooperation among the audience. These messages seek to foster a sense of collaboration and collective action among the audience toward achieving a common goal. In conclusion, the primary purpose of a business message is to inform, persuade, or collaborate with the audience.

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The use of flexible manufacturing systems to produce and deliver customized products and services for different customers worldwide is known as mass customization.

Mass customization is a process that allows businesses to efficiently produce a large variety of customized products and services at a low cost, while still meeting the unique needs and preferences of individual customers.

This is achieved by integrating advanced technology, such as computer-aided design and manufacturing, with flexible manufacturing systems that can quickly adapt to changes in demand and customer requirements.

The benefits of mass customization include increased customer satisfaction, improved efficiency and productivity, and greater profitability for businesses.

As a result, mass customization has become an increasingly popular approach for companies looking to gain a competitive advantage in today's global marketplace.

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The (d) does not require estimates of bad debt losses and is not acceptable under GAAP.

The direct write-off method involves waiting until a specific customer's account is deemed uncollectible before recording the bad debt expense. This method does not account for the possibility of bad debts occurring in the future and does not follow the matching principle. Therefore, it is not considered acceptable under GAAP.

This method does not use a contra asset account or an allowance account, which is associated with the allowance method. The direct write-off method is not the preferred method under GAAP, as it can lead to income statement distortion and does not follow the matching principle, which requires expenses to be matched with the revenues they helped to generate.to be matched with the income they contributed to.

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