To maximize profits, a competitive firm will seek to expand output until the marginal cost of production equals the marginal revenue from selling an additional unit of output.
In a competitive market, firms aim to maximize their profits by producing the quantity of output where their marginal cost (MC) equals the marginal revenue (MR) from selling an additional unit of output. This is because the marginal cost represents the additional cost incurred in producing one more unit, while the marginal revenue represents the additional revenue earned from selling that additional unit.
Initially, as the firm increases its output, the marginal cost may be lower than the marginal revenue, indicating that producing an additional unit generates more revenue than the cost incurred. In this case, the firm benefits from expanding its output as it contributes positively to its overall profit.
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Absorbing state probabilities are the same as ___a. steady-state probabilities. b. transition probabilities. c. fundamental probabilities. d. none of these are correct.
Absorbing state probabilities are the same as a) steady-state probabilities.
In a Markov chain, an absorbing state is a state that, once entered, cannot be left. Steady-state probabilities are the long-term probabilities of being in a particular state after the system has reached equilibrium.
For an absorbing state, the steady-state probability represents the likelihood of being absorbed by that state in the long run. In a Markov chain with absorbing states, the chain will eventually reach a point where it is certain to enter one of the absorbing states, and the probabilities will no longer change. At this point, the system has reached its steady state. Transition probabilities, on the other hand, represent the likelihood of moving from one state to another in a single step. Fundamental probabilities are not a standard term in Markov chain analysis and are not directly related to absorbing state probabilities.
In summary, absorbing state probabilities are equivalent to steady-state probabilities as they both represent the long-term probabilities of being in a particular state after the system has reached equilibrium.
Therefore, the correct answer is a) steady-state probabilities.
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The U.S. government provides a research and development tax credit. How can this policy encourage economic growth? Firms get tax credits for sourcing inputs locally, and this encourages local economic growth. It encourages firms to engage in innovation and creative practices, which lead to technological advances that spur economic growth o It supports firms in their efforts to produce environmentally friendly products and services, Firms are encouraged to reuse existing capital, and this leads to a more efficient use of existing capital.
The research and development tax credit provided by the U.S. government can encourage economic growth is by incentivizing firms to engage in innovative and creative practices that lead to technological advances.
These advances can drive economic growth by creating new industries, products, and services that generate job opportunities and increase productivity.
The tax credit encourages firms to invest in research and development activities that can lead to technological advancements. This not only benefits the firms themselves but also the broader economy, as the resulting innovations can create new products and services, reduce costs, and improve overall efficiency. By providing tax credits for sourcing inputs locally, the policy also supports local economic growth, as firms are incentivized to purchase inputs from local suppliers.
Moreover, the tax credit encourages firms to produce environmentally friendly products and services, which can lead to a more sustainable and resilient economy. This can help to reduce negative externalities such as pollution and climate change, while also promoting the development of green industries that can create new job opportunities.
Finally, the tax credit encourages firms to reuse existing capital, which leads to more efficient use of resources and promotes productivity growth. By incentivizing firms to invest in research and development activities that can improve existing products and processes, the policy can help to increase the competitiveness of firms in both domestic and international markets, which can drive economic growth.
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setting aside public funds for individual use would be what type of thinking?
Setting aside public funds for individual use would generally be considered as a form of unethical or corrupt thinking. In most societies, public funds are intended to serve the collective welfare and address public needs.
These funds are typically allocated for the provision of public goods, infrastructure development, social services, and other initiatives that benefit the community as a whole. Therefore, diverting public funds for personal gain or individual use represents a breach of public trust and undermines the principles of fairness, accountability, and equity. The act of setting aside public funds for personal use can be seen as a manifestation of self-centered or self-serving thinking. It reflects a disregard for the common good and a prioritization of personal interests over the needs and rights of the broader population. Such behavior can contribute to inequality, social injustice, and a lack of public resources for essential services. From an ethical standpoint, it is important to uphold the principles of transparency, integrity, and responsible governance when it comes to handling public funds.
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The oversupply of oil in world markets and the increase in interest rates primarily negatively impacted which perspective of U.S. shale’s balanced scorecard?
a. internal business
b. customer
c. innovation and learning
d. financial
e. resource
The oversupply of oil in world markets and the increase in interest rates primarily negatively impacted the: financial perspective of U.S. shale's balanced scorecard. The correct option is D.
This is because the financial perspective measures the financial performance of the company and its ability to generate profits and maintain a sustainable cash flow. The oversupply of oil in world markets led to a decline in oil prices, which negatively impacted the revenue and profitability of U.S. shale companies.
Additionally, the increase in interest rates made it more expensive for U.S. shale companies to borrow money, which increased their financial burden and reduced their ability to invest in growth opportunities.
As a result, U.S. shale companies had to cut costs, reduce investments, and streamline their operations to maintain financial stability. Therefore, the oversupply of oil in world markets and the increase in interest rates had a significant negative impact on the financial perspective of U.S. shale's balanced scorecard. The correct option is D.
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the rule that assumes credit is earned for having performed the work once it is completed is known as
The rule that assumes credit is earned for having performed the work once it is completed is known as the "completed-contract" principle.
Under this principle, a contractor is entitled to be paid for the work they have completed, regardless of whether the project is completed on time or on budget. This principle is based on the idea that a contractor has performed their obligation by completing the work to the best of their ability, and they should be paid for that work even if there are issues with the project.
The completed-contract principle is important because it helps to ensure that contractors are fairly compensated for their work and that projects are completed on time and within budget. It also helps to minimize the risk of disputes between contractors and clients, as both parties have a clear understanding of their obligations and responsibilities under the contract.
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when a corporate manager makes an honest error in judgment, the business judgment rule directs that the manager will:
When a corporate manager makes an honest error in judgment, the business judgment rule directs that the manager will be protected from personal liability.
The business judgment rule is a legal principle that presumes managers have acted in the best interest of the company when making decisions within their authority. It acknowledges that managers are not expected to be perfect and allows them to make decisions based on their reasonable business judgment. As long as the manager has acted in good faith, without conflicts of interest, and has reasonably informed themselves before making the decision, they will be shielded from personal liability for any adverse outcomes resulting from their judgment.
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the number of markets with which a firm and a competitor are jointly involved and the degree of importance of the individual markets to each is referred to as:
The number of markets with which a firm and a competitor are jointly involved and the degree of importance/significance of the individual markets to each is referred to as: Market commonality.
This is the fundamental idea behind market commonality, which is significant since it forms the cornerstone of every strategic market study together with resource similarity analysis.
Before attempting to create an effective plan, you must first understand your current position (as a corporation). Knowing your company's strengths, weaknesses, opportunities, and threats (SWOT) will help you determine what steps need to be made to strengthen its position in the market.
Maps requires the place of origin in addition to the destination when calculating a route. The examination of market similarity and resource similarity yields that point of origin.
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The IS-related job position that works with business leaders and planners to develop processes and systems that implement business Strategy and goal is that of..... A. database administrator. B. network administrator. C. technical writer nhusiness analyst
The correct answer is C. business analyst.
The job position that works with business leaders and planners to develop processes and systems that implement business strategy and goals is that of a business analyst.
Business analysts play a crucial role in bridging the gap between business objectives and IT solutions. They collaborate with stakeholders, gather requirements, analyze business processes, and propose technology-driven solutions that align with the organization's strategic goals.
Their expertise lies in understanding business needs, identifying opportunities for improvement, and translating them into actionable plans for the development of processes and systems.
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All of the following would be considered activities of a hospital for activity based costing except
a. admission.
b. depreciation.
c. dietary and laundry
d. operating room.
All of the activities mentioned, such as admission, dietary and laundry, and operating room, would be considered activities of a hospital for activity-based costing, except for b. depreciation.
Activity-based costing (ABC) is a costing method that assigns costs to specific activities within an organization. It helps allocate costs more accurately by tracing them to the activities that drive those costs. In the context of a hospital, ABC aims to identify the activities that consume resources and assign costs accordingly.
Admission, dietary and laundry services, and the operating room are all activities that consume resources and drive costs within a hospital. The admission process involves various administrative tasks and resource utilization, while dietary and laundry services directly impact patient care. The operating room is a critical area where medical procedures and surgeries take place, requiring significant resources and staff.
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2. assume the cost object is the manufacturing department and that its total output is 29,750 units. a. how much total manufacturing cost is directly traceable to the manufacturing department? b. how much total manufacturing cost is an indirect cost that cannot be easily traced to the manufacturing department?
It is not possible to determine the exact amount of direct manufacturing costs for this department. The total manufacturing cost that is an indirect cost and cannot be easily traced to the manufacturing department is known as overhead costs.
The manufacturing department is the cost object, which means that it is the unit or activity that is being analyzed for cost purposes. The total output of the department is given as 29,750 units. In order to determine the direct and indirect manufacturing costs associated with this department,
Direct manufacturing costs are those costs that are directly traceable to the manufacturing department. These costs may include the cost of raw materials, direct labor, and any other costs that can be specifically attributed to the manufacturing department.
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To regulate natural monopolies, the governments can choose amongst the following options: Select all that apply A. Set the price to equal Marginal Cost OB. Set the price to equal total cost C. Break the monopolies into several smaller companies OD. Set the price to equal Average total cost
Options A and C are the ones that the government can choose to regulate natural monopolies. the correct options for regulating natural monopolies are A and C.
Option A, setting the price to equal marginal cost, is one of the methods to regulate natural monopolies. The aim of this method is to ensure that the price charged by the monopolist is equal to the additional cost incurred in producing one additional unit of output. By doing so, the monopolist will not be able to earn any profits, and the price will be set at an efficient level.
Option C, breaking the monopolies into several smaller companies, is also a method that can be used to regulate natural monopolies. By breaking the monopolist into smaller firms, competition will be introduced into the market, leading to lower prices and higher output levels. This method can be effective in ensuring that the monopolist does not abuse its market power to charge higher prices.
the correct options for regulating natural monopolies are A and C.
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identifying ways to improve long-term business performance by better understanding sourcing needs, developing long-term strategies, selecting suppliers, and managing the supply base is called:
The process of identifying ways to improve long-term business performance by better understanding sourcing needs, developing long-term strategies, selecting suppliers, and managing the supply base is called Supply Chain Management.
Strategic sourcing is the process of identifying, evaluating, and selecting suppliers to optimize the procurement of goods and services for a business. It involves understanding the organization's sourcing needs, developing long-term strategies, and managing the supply base to improve long-term business performance.
The goal of strategic sourcing is to identify cost-effective, reliable, and high-quality suppliers that align with the organization's strategic objectives. It involves analyzing market conditions, supplier capabilities, negotiating contracts, and establishing strong supplier relationships. By strategically managing the sourcing process, businesses can enhance efficiency, reduce costs, mitigate risks, and drive overall business performance improvement.
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A stock has a beta of 1.88, the market risk premium is 7.3%, and the risk-free rate is 3.25 percent. What must the expected return on this stock be? A. 16.97% B. 16.44% C. 15.92% D. 17.45% E. 15.41%
The expected return on this stock is approximately 16.97%.
The expected return on a stock can be calculated using the Capital Asset Pricing Model (CAPM) formula:
Expected Return = Risk-Free Rate + Beta * Market Risk Premium.
Beta = 1.88.
Market Risk Premium = 7.3%
Risk-Free Rate = 3.25%.
Expected Return = 3.25% + 1.88 * 7.3%.
Expected Return = 3.25% + 13.724%.
Expected Return = 16.974%.
Therefore, the expected return on this stock is approximately 16.97%. The correct answer is A. 16.97%.
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Downtown Bank provides lockbox services. They estimate that you can reduce your average mail time by 1. 6 days and your combined clearing and processing time by. 5 days by implementing their system. Your firm receives 654 checks a day with an average value of $975 each. The current T-Bill rate is. 009 percent per day. Assume a 365-day year. The bank will charge your firm $. 17 per check. What is the net present value from installing this system?
The net present value (NPV) from installing the lockbox system can be calculated by subtracting the initial investment and ongoing costs from the present value of the cash flows generated by the time savings and service charges.
To calculate the NPV, we need to consider the following factors:
Time savings: The lockbox system reduces the average mail time by 1.6 days and the combined clearing and processing time by 0.5 days. Multiply these time savings by the number of checks received per day (654) to calculate the annual time savings.
Cash flows: The cash flows are generated from the time savings and the service charges imposed by the bank. Calculate the annual cash flows by multiplying the time savings by the average value of each check and the T-Bill rate (0.009%) per day. Add the annual service charges based on the number of checks received.
Present value: Calculate the present value of the annual cash flows by discounting them at the T-Bill rate. This accounts for the time value of money.
NPV calculation: Subtract the initial investment and ongoing costs from the present value of the cash flows to obtain the NPV.
To provide an accurate NPV calculation, specific values for the initial investment, ongoing costs, and the duration of the investment would be required. Without this information, a precise NPV cannot be determined.
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mueller company issues one share in exchange for two outstanding shares of common shares. mueller must have had a:
Mueller Company's stock split ratio is 1-for-2, meaning one new share is issued in exchange for every two outstanding common shares. This suggests that Mueller had a desire to increase the number of shares outstanding while reducing the market price per share.
When a company executes a stock split, it aims to adjust the number of shares outstanding while maintaining the overall value of the company. In this case, Mueller Company chose a 1-for-2 stock split ratio, meaning that for every two existing common shares held by shareholders, they would receive one additional share.
The main purpose of a stock split is to make the shares more affordable for individual investors and potentially increase liquidity in the stock. By reducing the market price per share, the company hopes to attract more investors who may have been hesitant to invest in higher-priced stocks.
After the stock split, each shareholder would hold a greater number of shares, but the proportional ownership in the company would remain the same. For example, if a shareholder originally held 100 shares, they would receive an additional 50 shares in exchange for their existing 100 shares, resulting in a total of 150 shares.
Overall, the stock split does not affect the fundamental value of the company. It is simply a way to adjust the number of shares outstanding and potentially make the stock more accessible to a wider range of investors.
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Compute cost of goods sold for a retailer using the following information, Merchandise inventory, beginning Merchandise inventory, ending Cost of merchandise purchased $ 24,850 37,304 170,934 Multiple Choice $183,388 $158,480. $12.454 $146,084 $133.630.
To compute the cost of goods sold for a retailer, we need to use the following formula:
Cost of Goods Sold = Beginning Inventory + Purchases - Ending Inventory
Using the information given, we can substitute the values into the formula as follows:
Cost of Goods Sold = $24,850 + $170,934 - $37,304
Cost of Goods Sold = $158,480
Therefore, the correct answer is $158,480.
It's important for retailers to keep track of their merchandise inventory to ensure they have enough stock to meet customer demand while also avoiding overstocking, which can lead to excess inventory costs. By monitoring inventory levels and tracking sales data, retailers can make informed decisions about when to reorder products and how much to order, which can help reduce costs and increase profitability. It's also important to regularly conduct inventory audits to ensure accuracy and identify any discrepancies that may arise.
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Sturdy Stone Tools, Inc. announced a 100 percent stock dividend. Determine the impact (increase, decrease, no change) of this dividend on the following:
1.Total assets.
2.Total liabilities.
3.Common stock.4.Total stockholders’ equity.
5.Market value per share of common stock.
Total assets: No change.
Total liabilities: No change.
Common stock: Increase.
Total stockholders' equity: Increase.
Market value per share of common stock: Decrease.
How does a 100 percent stock dividend impact various financial aspects of Sturdy Stone Tools, Inc.?A 100 percent stock dividend announced by Sturdy Stone Tools, Inc. has no impact on total assets and total liabilities. This is because a stock dividend does not involve any cash flow or change in the company's underlying assets or liabilities.
However, the dividend does affect certain aspects of the company's financials. The common stock increases as new shares are distributed to existing shareholders, resulting in an increase in the total stockholders' equity.
This is because the company is capitalizing retained earnings by issuing additional shares. While the number of shares held by each shareholder increases, the market value per share of common stock tends to decrease due to the dilution caused by the additional shares in circulation.
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at a horse show, if the class is baby green hunter u/s, what does the u/s stand for?
In the context of a horse show, "u/s" stands for "under saddle."
The class "baby green hunter u/s" refers to a specific competition category where young or inexperienced horses (referred to as "baby greens") are judged on their performance and manners while being ridden by a rider "under saddle," meaning without jumping over fences. In this class, the focus is on evaluating the horse's movement, responsiveness to the rider's cues, and overall performance in flatwork exercises.
"Baby green hunter u/s" is a competition category that assesses young or inexperienced horses (called "baby greens") in their performance and behavior while being ridden by a rider, without jumping over fences. This class primarily evaluates the horse's movement, responsiveness to the rider's cues, and overall performance in flatwork exercises.
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a gantt chart is fully developed during the ________ phase of the project management process.
execution
closure
planning
initiation
A Gantt chart is fully developed during the planning phase of the project management process. The project management process typically consists of several phases, including initiation, planning, execution, and closure.
Each phase has its specific objectives and activities. The planning phase is where the project plan is created, detailing the scope, objectives, resources, and timeline for the project. One of the key tools used in the planning phase is a Gantt chart. A Gantt chart is a visual representation of the project schedule, showing the tasks, their dependencies, and the timeline in a bar chart format. It helps project managers and teams to visualize and organize the project activities, allocate resources, and track progress over time. Therefore, a Gantt chart is fully developed during the planning phase to aid in the effective management and execution of the project.
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what are the requirements/procedures (include jes) for month-end closing for fixed assets? (Please few accounts with credit and debit journal entries for each)[Show JEs to get full credit]
Month-end closing for fixed assets requires several requirements and procedures to ensure accuracy and completeness in financial reporting.
What are the procedures?Firstly, all asset acquisitions and disposals should be recorded timely and accurately in the fixed asset register.Secondly, depreciation expense should be calculated and recorded in the general ledger. Thirdly, fixed assets should be physically verified and reconciled with the fixed asset register. Fourthly, any adjustments or reclassifications should be made to the fixed asset register.Finally, any discrepancies or issues should be resolved before the month-end closing process begins.
Journal entries for month-end closing for fixed assets include debit to depreciation expense and credit to accumulated depreciation for the depreciation expense.
For asset disposals, the journal entry would be a debit to accumulated depreciation, credit to the asset account for the book value, and credit to the gain or loss on disposal account. For asset acquisitions, the journal entry would be a debit to the asset account and credit to accounts payable or cash.
By following these requirements and procedures, businesses can ensure that their fixed assets are accurately recorded, verified, and reported in their financial statements.
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Why do you think organizations tend to ignore post project evaluations? Based on this module or from experience how would you go about evaluating projects?
Organizations tend to ignore post-project evaluations because they may view them as time-consuming, expensive, or not valuable. To effectively evaluate projects, a structured approach such as setting clear objectives, identifying key performance indicators, and conducting regular reviews should be implemented.
Post-project evaluations are sometimes overlooked by organizations due to factors such as time constraints, limited resources, or a lack of understanding regarding their importance. However, conducting evaluations can provide valuable insights into project performance and identify areas for improvement.
To effectively evaluate projects, consider the following steps:
1. Set clear objectives: Define the project's goals and desired outcomes, which will serve as a basis for evaluation.
2. Identify key performance indicators (KPIs): Select measurable indicators that will track the project's progress and success.
3. Establish a baseline: Determine the project's starting point to enable comparisons and assessments of progress.
4. Conduct regular reviews: Periodically assess the project's performance against the set objectives and KPIs.
5. Document lessons learned: Capture insights and experiences that can be used to improve future projects.
By adopting a structured approach to project evaluation, organizations can gain valuable insights, enhance their decision-making, and ultimately improve their project management capabilities.
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If manufacturers had perfect information, they could implement a: A) hyper-efficient strategy. B) frictionless strategy. C) streamlined strategy.
If manufacturers had perfect information, they could implement a hyper-efficient strategy.
Explanation: With perfect information, manufacturers would have complete and accurate knowledge about market conditions, consumer preferences, competitor actions, and other relevant factors. This would allow them to make optimal decisions and implement a hyper-efficient strategy.
A hyper-efficient strategy refers to a highly effective and optimal approach that minimizes waste, maximizes resource utilization, and achieves superior performance. With perfect information, manufacturers would be able to accurately assess demand and adjust production levels accordingly, optimize their supply chain management, make informed pricing decisions, and effectively allocate resources.
By leveraging perfect information, manufacturers can anticipate market changes, identify opportunities, and respond quickly to emerging trends. They can align their production processes, distribution networks, and marketing efforts with market demands, resulting in increased efficiency, cost savings, and competitive advantage.
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McFann spent $1,750 on a marketing study to estimate the number of units that it can sell each year. What should McFann do to take this information into account?
a. The company does not need to do anything with the cost of the marketing study because the marketing study is a sunk cost.
b. Increase the NPV of the project $1,750.
c. Increase the amount of the initial investment by $1,750.
The correct option is A. The company does not need to do anything with the cost of the marketing study because the marketing study is a sunk cost.
Sunk costs are costs that have already been incurred and cannot be recovered, regardless of the decision made by the company. Since the cost of the marketing study has already been incurred.
Therefore, the company should use the information from the marketing study to estimate the number of units it can sell each year and use that information to make a decision about the project.
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TRUE OR FALSE the tasks in a wbs must be developed as a sequential list of steps. group of answer choices true false
False, the tasks in a Work Breakdown Structure (WBS) do not necessarily need to be developed as a sequential list of steps.
A Work Breakdown Structure (WBS) is a hierarchical decomposition of a project into smaller, manageable components. It organizes the project's deliverables, activities, and tasks into a structured format. The WBS breaks down the project scope into smaller, more manageable elements, allowing for better planning, resource allocation, and control.
The tasks in a WBS are typically organized in a hierarchical manner, where higher-level elements are broken down into sub-elements. However, the WBS does not require a strictly sequential list of steps. It provides a visual representation of the project's components and their relationships, but it does not dictate the specific order in which tasks should be performed.
The WBS allows for flexibility in how the tasks are executed within each element. It provides a framework for organizing the work, but the actual sequencing of tasks can be determined based on project needs, dependencies, resource availability, and other factors.
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a company issued 220 shares of $100 par value common stock for $26,200 cash. the total amount of paid-in capital in excess of par is: multiple choice $100. $2,200. $4,200. $22,000. $26,200.
The par value of each share is $100, so the total par value of 220 shares is: $100/share x 220 shares = $22,000
The amount paid in excess of par is the difference between the total cash received and the total par value:
$26,200 - $22,000 = $4,200
Therefore, the total amount of paid-in capital in excess of par is $4,200. However, the question is asking for the amount of paid-in capital in excess of par per share, so we need to divide by the number of shares:
$4,200 ÷ 220 shares = $19 per share
Therefore, the $2,200, which is the total amount of paid-in capital in excess of par ($4,200) divided by 2 (since there are 2 shares for every $100 in par value).
1. Calculate the total par value of the shares issued: 220 shares * $100 par value = $22,000.
2. Calculate the total amount of paid-in capital in excess of par: $26,200 cash received - $22,000 par value = $4,200.
Therefore, the total amount of paid-in capital in excess of par is $4,200.
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do funds that are likely to trade at substantial discounts from their net asset values include: exchange traded funds? closed-end funds? a no no b no yes c yes no
Both exchange-traded funds (ETFs) and closed-end funds are likely to trade at substantial discounts from their net asset values. This is because they are both traded on an exchange like stocks, and their prices are determined by supply and demand in the market rather than solely by the value of their underlying assets.
However, ETFs are generally more liquid and have lower fees than closed-end funds, which may make them a more attractive investment option for some investors. Exchange-traded funds (ETFs) typically trade close to their net asset values because of their structure, which allows for the creation and redemption of shares to keep the market price close to the underlying net asset value.
Closed-end funds, on the other hand, have a fixed number of shares and do not have the same creation/redemption mechanism as ETFs. This can result in closed-end funds trading at substantial discounts (or premiums) to their net asset values, depending on market supply and demand factors.
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The entity that is responsible for establishing the allocation and cost of capital is answered ut of 1.00Select one: uestion O O 0 a. the corporation b. the economy c. investors d, customers
The entity that is responsible for establishing the allocation and cost of capital is the corporation. Option A "the corporation " is the correct answer.
The corporation, as an entity, determines the allocation and cost of capital based on its specific financial goals and strategies. The allocation of capital refers to how the company distributes its financial resources among various projects, investments, or divisions. The cost of capital refers to the required rate of return or the cost associated with obtaining funds for investment.
Option A is the correct answer.
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with linear demand and constant marginal cost, a stackelberg leader's profit is ___________ the follower's profit.
With linear demand and constant marginal cost, a Stackelberg leader's profit is always greater than the follower's profit.
This is because the leader has the advantage of being able to set their output level first and the follower has to react to the leader's output level. This creates a strategic advantage for the leader, as they can set their output level to maximize their profit and force the follower to adjust their output level accordingly.
In this scenario, the leader can capture a larger share of the market demand by setting their output level higher than the follower, which translates to higher profits. Additionally, the constant marginal cost ensures that the leader's profit is not affected by the follower's output level. Thus, the leader has the power to set the industry price and output level, while the follower has to play catch up.
In conclusion, a Stackelberg leader has a strategic advantage over the follower in a market with linear demand and constant marginal cost, which results in the leader earning higher profits than the follower.
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each year the us spends over billion dollars on imported oil. true or false?
True. The United States does spend over billions of dollars on imported oil each year. As of my knowledge cutoff in September 2021, the United States has been a significant importer of oil, relying on imports to meet a substantial portion of its energy needs. This heavy reliance on imported oil has resulted in significant expenditures to fulfill the demand for energy resources.
The United States has historically been a major consumer of oil, with a significant portion of its energy consumption dependent on petroleum-based products. Due to limited domestic production capacity and high demand, the country has had to import substantial amounts of oil from other countries. These imports come at a significant cost, resulting in the expenditure of billions of dollars each year.
The cost of imported oil can have various implications for the US economy. It affects the trade balance, as the money spent on imports contributes to a trade deficit. It also influences energy prices and can impact the overall cost of living for consumers. Additionally, reliance on imported oil raises concerns about energy security and vulnerability to supply disruptions or price fluctuations in the global oil market.
It's important to note that the specific amount spent on imported oil can vary from year to year due to factors such as changes in oil prices, domestic production levels, and energy policies. However, overall, the United States has been a significant spender on imported oil, making the statement true.
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.LEW Jewelry Co. uses gold in the manufacture of its products. LEW anticipates that it will need to purchase 500 ounces of gold in October 2017, for jewelry that will be shipped for the holiday shopping season. However, if the price of gold increases, LEW's cost to produce its jewelry will increase, which would reduce its profit margins.
To hedge the risk of increased gold prices, on April 1, 2017, LEW enters into a gold futures contract and designates this futures contract as a cash flow hedge of the anticipated gold purchase. The notional amount of the contract is 500 ounces, and the terms of the contract give LEW the right and the obligation to purchase gold at a price of $300 per ounce. The price will be good until the contract expires on October 31,2017.
Assume the following data with respect to the price of the futures contract and the gold inventory purchase:
Date Spot Price for the October Delivery
April 1, 2017 $300 per ounce
June 30, 2017 $310 per ounce
September 30, 2017 $315 per ounce
Prepare the Journal entries for:
a) April1, 2017-Inception of the futures contract, no premium paid.
(b) June 30, 2017-LEW Co. prepares financial statements.
(c) September 30, 2017-LEW Co. prepares financial statements.
(d) October 10, 2017-LEW Co. purchases 500 ounces of gold at $315 per ounce and settles the futures contract.
(e) December 20, 2017-LEW sells jewelry containing gold purchased in October 2017 for $350,000. The cost of the finished goods inventory is $200,000.
(f) Indicate the amount(s) reported on the balance sheet and income statement related to the futures contract on June 30, 2017.
(g) Indicate the amount(s) reported in the income statement related to the futures contract and the inventory transactions on December 31,2017.
Journal entry on April 1, 2017: No cash payment is made on the inception date of the futures contract, so no entry is required.
b) Journal entry on June 30, 2017:
The change in fair value of the futures contract should be recognized in other comprehensive income (OCI):
OCI (Cash Flow Hedge) $5,000
Futures Contract $5,000
(c) Journal entry on September 30, 2017:
The change in fair value of the futures contract should be recognized in OCI:
OCI (Cash Flow Hedge) $2,500
Futures Contract $2,500
(d) Journal entry on October 10, 2017:
Gold Inventory $157,500
Cash $157,500
Futures Contract $7,500
Cash $7,500
e) Journal entry on December 20, 2017:
Cash $350,000
Sales Revenue $350,000
Cost of Goods Sold $200,000
Inventory $200,000
Gain on Futures Contract $5,000
Other Income $5,000
(f) On June 30, 2017, the change in fair value of the futures contract should be reported in OCI as $5,000.
(g) On December 31, 2017, the gain on the futures contract should be reported in other income as $5,000, and the cost of goods sold should include the cost of the gold inventory purchased at $315 per ounce. The resulting gain on the sale of jewelry is reported in sales revenue.
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