Answers
a) The resultant force on the particle is equal to - 225 · x, where x is measured in meters.
b) The particle moves with simple harmonic motion.
c) The motion has a period of approximately 1.257 seconds.
d) The particle has an approximate speed of 2.488 meters per second when it is 0.05 metres from C.
e) The equation for the position of the particle is x(t) = 0.5 · cos 25t, where t is in seconds.
How to analyze a system with a particle and two springs
In this case we have a system with a particle under periodic motion due to two reactive forces from two springs. a) The system is represented by the following formula based on Newton's laws:
∑F = - k₁ · x - k₂ · x = m · a (1)
Where:
k₁, k₂ - Spring constantsx - Distance of elongation, in metres. m - Mass of the particle, in kilograms.a - Net acceleration, in metres per square second.If we know that k₁ = k₂ = 112.5 N/m, then the resultant force on the particle is equal to - 225 · x, where x is measured in meters.
b) The particle is under simple harmonic motion has a differential equation of the form:
x'' + ω² · x = 0 (2)
Where:
x'' - Net acceleration, in metres per square second.x - Position of the particle, in metres.ω - Angular frequency, in radians.By some algebraic handling on (1), we find the following differential equation:
x'' + [(k₁ + k₂) / m] · x = 0 (3)
Thus, the particle moves with simple harmonic motion.
c) The period of the motion (T), in seconds, is determined by T = 2π / ω. Then, the period is described by the following expression:
T = 2π · √[m / (k₁ + k₂)]
T = 2π · √(9 kg / 225 N /m)
T ≈ 1.257 s
The motion has a period of approximately 1.257 seconds.
d) The speed of the particle (v), in metres per second, can be found by the principle of energy conservation:
(1 / 2) · k · A² = (1 / 2) · k · x² + (1 / 2) · m · v² (4)
v = √[k · (A² - x²) / m]
Where:
A - Amplitude, in metres.x - Particle position with respect to equilibrium position, in metres.If we know that k = 225 N / m, A = 0.5 m, x = 0.05 m and m = 9 kg, then the speed of the particle is:
v = √[(225 N / m) · [(0.5 m)² - (0.05 m)²] / (9 kg)]
v ≈ ± 2.488 m / s
The particle has an approximate speed of 2.488 meters per second when it is 0.05 metres from C.
e) The function position for a particle under simple harmonic motion:
x(t) = A · cos ω · t (5)
If we know that A = 0.5 m and ω = 25 rad / s, then the equation for the position of the particle is:
x(t) = 0.5 · cos 25t
The equation for the position of the particle is x(t) = 0.5 · cos 25t.
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Related Questions
Point S is on line segment \overline{RT}
RT
. Given ST=2x,ST=2x, RT=4x,RT=4x, and RS=4x-4,RS=4x−4, determine the numerical length of \overline{RS}.
RS
.
Answers
[tex]\underset{\leftarrow \qquad \textit{\LARGE 4x}\qquad \to }{R\stackrel{4x-4}{\rule[0.35em]{7em}{0.25pt}} S\stackrel{2x}{\rule[0.35em]{20em}{0.25pt}}T} \\\\\\ RT~~ - ~~ST~~ = ~~RS\implies \stackrel{RT}{4x} - \stackrel{ST}{2x}~~ = ~~\stackrel{RS}{4x-4} \\\\\\ -2x=-4\implies x=\cfrac{-4}{-2}\implies \boxed{x=2}~\hfill \stackrel{4(2)~~ - ~~4}{RS=8}[/tex]
The graphs of f(x) and g(x) are shown below.
f(x) = -x g(x) =2x
Which of the following is the graph of (g-f)(x)?
Answers
[tex](g-f)(x)=g(x)-f(x)=2x-(-x)=3x[/tex]
The graph is shown in the attached image.
Find the measure of X
Answers
Answer:
[tex]x[/tex] = 67°
Step-by-step explanation:
As we can see in the diagram, ∠[tex]x[/tex] and the 78° angle together make up the 145° angle.
∴ [tex]x[/tex] + 78° = 145°
⇒ [tex]x[/tex] = 145° - 78°
⇒ [tex]x[/tex] = 67°
A stock lost 8 1/4 points on Monday and then another 2 3/4 points on Tuesday. On Wednesday, it gained 12 points.
What was the net gain or loss of the stock for these three days?
Answers
The net gain of the stock for these three days is 1 points
Net gainMonday = - 8 1/4 pointsTuesday = -2 3/4 pointsWednesday = 12 pointsNet gain / net loss = Monday + Tuesday + Wednesday
= - 8 1/4 + (-2 3/4) + 12
= - 8 1/4 - 2 3/4 + 12
= -11 + 12
Net gain = 1 point
Therefore, the net gain of the stock for these three days is 1 points
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Micheal solved this inequality as shown: step 1: -6(x + 3) + 10 < -2 step 2: -6x - 18 + 10 < -2 step 3: -6x - 8 < -2 step 4: -6x < 6 step 5: x > -1. what property justifies the work shown between step 3 and 4?
Answers
================================================
Explanation:
These are the steps to focus on
step 3: -6x - 8 < -2
step 4: -6x < 6
The move from the third step to the fourth step has us adding 8 to both sides. Therefore, we use the addition property of inequality.
That property has four forms
If [tex]a > b[/tex] then [tex]a + c > b+c[/tex]If [tex]a < b[/tex] then [tex]a+c < b+c[/tex]If [tex]a \ge b[/tex] then [tex]a + c \ge b+c[/tex]If [tex]a \le b[/tex] then [tex]a+c \le b+c[/tex]It's similar to the idea of starting with a = b, then adding c to both sides to get a+c = b+c
We add the same thing to both sides to keep things balanced.
Triangles ABC and A''B''C'' are similar. Identify the type of reflection performed and the scale factor of dilation.
Answers
The type of reflection performed and the scale factor of dilation of the diagram are; Reflection over the x-axis and a scale factor dilation of 2.
How to Identify Transformation used on diagram?From the given diagram, we are told that triangle ABC is transformed into Triangle A"B"C".
Now, we are told that both triangles are similar and as such if they are similar then, it means each corresponding side has the same ratio. Thus, there was a dilation by a scale factor of 2.
Now, the reflection that took place after the dilation would be a reflection over the x-axis.
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Rewrite the expression
(10¹) ³ =
Answers
Answer:
1000
Step-by-step explanation:
Rotate the given triangle 270° counter-clockwise about the origin.
[tex]\left[\begin{array}{ccc}-1&2&2\\-1&-1&3\end{array}\right][/tex]
[tex]\left[\begin{array}{ccc}-1&[?]&[?]\\1&[?]&[?]\end{array}\right][/tex]
Answers
The rotation of the triangle [tex]\left[\begin{array}{ccc}-1&2&2\\-1&-1&3\end{array}\right][/tex] 270° counter-clockwise about the origin gives [tex]\left[\begin{array}{ccc}-1&-1&3\\1&-2&-2\end{array}\right][/tex]
What is transformation?Transformation is the movement of a point from its initial location to a new location. Types of transformation are rotation, reflection, translation and dilation.
If a point (x, y) is rotated 270° counter-clockwise about the origin, the new point is (y, -x)
The rotation of the triangle [tex]\left[\begin{array}{ccc}-1&2&2\\-1&-1&3\end{array}\right][/tex] 270° counter-clockwise about the origin gives [tex]\left[\begin{array}{ccc}-1&-1&3\\1&-2&-2\end{array}\right][/tex]
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What is the y-intercept of the function f(x) = -2/9x + 1/3?
Answers
Answer: (0,1/3)
Step-by-step explanation:
Answer:
The y-intercept of the function f(x) = -2/9x + 1/3 is 1/3.
Step-by-step explanation:
Given, function is
f(x) = -2/9x + 1/3.
The y-intercept is the point where the graph intersects the y-axis.
The y-intercept of a graph is (are) the point(s) where the graph intersects the y-axis.
We know that the x-coordinate of any point on the y-axis is 0.
So the x-coordinate of a y-intercept is 0.
To find the y - intercept set x = 0.
f(0) = (2/9 . 0) + 1/3
f(0) = 0 + 1/3
f(0) = 1/3.
The following figure shows the entire graph of a relationship.
See attached!
Answers
The correct answer is Yes. The graph represents a function. The function given is: F(x) = y(-5). Note that the value of x is zero.
What is the graph of a function?A function's graph is the set of all points in the plane of the form (x, f(x)). The graph of f might similarly be defined as the graph of the equation y = f. (x).
Thus, the correct answer or function represented in the graph is f(x) = y(-5)
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A bag contains 240 marbles that are either red, blue, or green. The ratio of red to blue to green marbles is 5:2:1. If one-third of the red marbles and two-thirds of the green marbles are removed, what fraction of the remaining marbles in the bag will be blue?
A. 6/17
B. 1/2
C. 6/13
D. 7/18
Answers
The fraction of the remaining marbles in the bag will be blue is 6/17.
What fraction of the remaining marbles in the bag will be blue?The first step is to determine the initial number of marbles in the bag:
Initial number of red marbles in the bag : (5/8) x 240 = 150
Initial number of blue marbles in the bag : (2/8) x 240 = 60
Initial number of green marbles in the bag : 240 - 150 - 60 = 30
Number of red marbles remaining after 1/3 is removed = (1 - 1/3) x 150
2/3 x 150 = 100
Number of green marbles remaining after 2/3 is removed = (1 - 2/3) x 30
1/3 x 30 = 10
Total number of marbles now in the bag : 100 + 10 + 60 = 170
Fraction of blue marbles = 60 / 170 = 6/17
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imes A
20) A clinical trial was conducted using a new method designed to increase
the probability of conceiving a girl. As of this writing, 914 babies were
born to parents using the new method, and 877 of them were girls. Use a
(b).01 significance level to test the claim that the new method is effective in
increasing the likelihood that a baby will be a girl. Use the P-value method
and the normal distribution as an approximation to the binomial
distribution.
(10)
a. Identify the null and alternative hypothesis.
b. Compute the test statistic z.ollowenien e to jaata ni(8)
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c. What is the P-value?
d. What is the conclusion about the null hypothesis?
e. What is the final conclusion?
Answers
The test statistic is 27.8484, the p-value is 0, and the final conclusion is that the null hypothesis H is rejected.
Given that 914 babies were born to parents who used the new method, and 877 of them were girls, the significance level to test the claim that the new method is effective in increasing the likelihood of a baby being a girl, is 0.01.
The following information is provided: the sample size is N = 914, the number of favorable cases is X = 877, and the sampling ratio is
pˉ = X / N
Pˉ = 877/914
pˉ = 0.9595 and the significance level is α = 0.01
(a) Hypothesis Zero and Alternative
The following null and alternative hypotheses should be tested:
null: p = 0.5
Alternative: p> 0.5
This is equivalent to a right-tailed test, which requires a z-test for a proportion of the population.
(b) Critical Value
Based on the information provided, the significance level is α = 0.01, so the critical value for this right-tailed test is Zc = 2.3263. This can be found using Excel or the Z distribution table. Region of rejection
The rejection area for this test on the right side is Z> 2.3263
Test statistics
The z-statistic is calculated as follows:
[tex]\begin{aligned}Z&=\frac{\bar{p}-p}{\sqrt{\frac{p(1-p)}{n}}}\\ &=\frac{0.9595-0.50}{\sqrt{\frac{0.5(1-0.5)}{914}}}\\ &=\frac{0.4595}{0.0165}\\ &=27.8484\end[/tex]
(c) The p-value
The p-value is the probability that the sample results are extreme or more extreme than the sample results obtained, assuming the null hypothesis is true. In this case,
the p-value is p = P (Z> 27.8484) = 0
(d) The decision on the null hypothesis
Using the traditional method
Since we observe that Z = 27.8484> Zc = 2.3263, we conclude that the null hypothesis is rejected.
Using the p-value method
Using the approximation of the P-value: the p-value is p = 0, and since p = 0≤0.01 we conclude that the null hypothesis is rejected.
(e) Conclusion
It is concluded that the null hypothesis H is rejected. Therefore, there is sufficient evidence to state that the population proportion p is greater than 0.5, at the significance level of 0.01.
Hence, for 914 babies born to parents using the new method, of which 877 were girls, the test statistic is 27.8484, the p-value is 0, and the final conclusion is that the null hypothesis is rejected.
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The function g is defined below.
please help
Answers
well, when it comes to fractions or rationals, they can never have a denominator that's 0, because if that ever happens, the fraction becomes undefined, so the values of "x" or namely the domain values, that we cannot have because they make the fraction undefined are those values that make the denominator 0, we can simply get them by setting the denominator to 0 and check what's "x".
[tex]x^2-9=0\implies x^2=9\implies x=\pm\sqrt{9}\implies x=\pm 3 \\\\[-0.35em] ~\dotfill\\\\ g(x)=\cfrac{x+6}{x^2-9}\hspace{5em} x\ne \begin{cases} 3\\ -3 \end{cases}[/tex]
In the following triangle, point O is the midpoint of LM, and point P is the midpoint if LN.
Below is the proof that OP||MN. The proof is divided into four parts, where the title of each part indicates its main purpose.
Complete part D of the proof.
Part A: Prove LM/LO=2
Part B: Prove LN/LP=2
Part C: Prove LMN ~ LOP
Part D: Prove OP||MN
Answers
The complete proof for part D is given in the attached text. Hence, by the nature of the converse corresponding angle,
OP is parallel to MN. (OP ║ MN).
What is a mathematical proof?A mathematical proof is an argument that is inferential with respect to a mathematical assertion that demonstrates that the provided assumptions logically ensure the conclusion.
The complete proof for part D is given as follow:
If a transversal line "t" divides through OP and MN as given in the attached image, and SE and "T.F" are the divider of ∠QSD and ∠STM, then:
∠QSE = 1/2 ∠QSO; and
∠"STF" = 1/2 ∠STM
If the corresponding angle is ∠QST = "STF", then
QSD = "STF"
Hence, by the nature of the converse corresponding angle,
OP is parallel to MN
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The price, p, for different size orders of custom printed shirts, n, is given in the table.
Number of shirts ordered (n) 1 5 20 100
Price of order (p) $35 $75 $225 $1025
Can a linear equation be used to model the situation? If it can, what is the slope and the y-intercept of the equation?
linear: slope = 40, y-intercept = 35
linear: slope = 10, y-intercept = 25
A linear equation cannot be used.
linear: slope = 15, y-intercept = 0
Answers
Yes a Linear Equation can be used and the slope and the y-intercept of the equation are respectively; B: slope = 10, y-intercept = 25
How to Write an equation in Slope Intercept Form?
We are given the coordinates;
(n, p) = (1, 35), (5, 75), (20, 225), (100, 1025)
Now, the way to find the slope is;
m = (y2 - y1)/(x2 - x1)
m = (75 - 35)/(5 - 1)
m = 10
The equation that models this is;
(y - 35)/(x - 1) = 10
y - 35 = 10x - 10
y = 10x + 25
Thus, y-intercept is at x = 0.
y = 10(0) + 25
y = 25
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A train travels 600 kilometers in 1 hour. What is the train's velocity in meters/second?
lunch Then more students joined Jaden's
Answers
Answer:
166 2/3 meters/sec.
Step-by-step explanation:
1/1 =1 12 inches/1 foot =1 you are looking for equivalents that will cancel out the unit until you can get to meters and seconds. See work in the picture.
Find the period of the function y = 2∕3 cos(4∕7x) + 2. Question 11 options: A) 7∕2π B) 4∕7π C) 3π D) 7∕4π
Answers
The period of the function y = 2∕3 cos(4∕7x) + 2. is 7/2π
How to determine the period of the function?The function is given as:
y = 2∕3 cos(4∕7x) + 2.
The above function is a cosine function
A cosine function is represented as:
y = A cos(B(x + C)) + D
Where the period is
Period = 2π/B
By comparing the equations, we have
B = 4/7
Substitute B = 4/7 in Period = 2π/B
Period = 2π/(4/7)
Express as product
Period = 2π * 7/4
Divide 4 by 2
Period = π * 7/2
Evaluate the product
Period = 7/2π
Hence, the period of the function y = 2∕3 cos(4∕7x) + 2. is 7/2π
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what is 73 divdied by 84,649
Answers
Answer:
0.000862
Hope this helps :) If you have anymore questions just comment
Answer:
0.000862384670817 that is the answer
If a 17-foot ladder makes a 71° angle with the ground, how many feet up a wall will it reach? Round your answer to the nearest tenth.
Answers
Given the length of the ladder and the angle it made with the ground, it will reach 16.7 ft up the wall.
How many feet up the wall will the ladder reach?Given that;
Angle with the ground θ = 71°Length of the ladder / hypotenuse = 17ftLength of wall = xTo determine the length wall from the tip of the ladder to the ground level, we use trigonometric ratio since the scenario forms a right angle triangle.
Sinθ = Opposite / Hypotenuse
Sin( 71° ) = x / 17ft
x = Sin( 71° ) × 17ft
x = 0.9455 × 17ft
x = 16.1 ft
Given the length of the ladder and the angle it made with the ground, it will reach 16.7 ft up the wall.
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Suppose you were offered this choice:
ONE supersized cone for $8 or FOUR regular-sized cones for $5.
The radius of the large cone is 5 inches, and its height is 12 inches.
Each of the smaller cones has a radius of 2.5 inches and a height of 6 inches.
Does the large cone hold more ice cream, or do the four smaller cones combined?
Which is the better deal? Provide mathematical justification for your answer.
Answers
The large cone can hold more ice cream than the four smaller cones combined.
The large cone is a better deal.
What is a cone?A cone is a three-dimensional structure with a round base and a point at the top, known as the vertex.
A cone is a three-dimensional solid geometric object with a point at the top and a circular base. A cone has a vertex and one face. For a cone, there are no edges.
The radius, height, and slant height of the cone are its three constituent parts.
For the supersized cone,
Volume = π(5)(5)(12)/3 = 314.29 cubic inches
For a small cone,
Volume= π(2.5)(2.5)(6)/3 = 39.29 cubic inches
Combined volume of 4 such cones = 4*39.29 = 157.16 cubic inches
As the volume of the larger cone is more, thus it holds more ice cream. Also it is a better deal, as it costs less than 4 small cones.
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Someone help me with this question!
Answers
Answer: [tex]160^{\circ}[/tex]
Step-by-step explanation:
By the exterior angle theorem,
[tex]4x-14+5x-182=5x-100\\\\9x-196=5x-100\\\\4x=96\\\\x=24\\\\\implies m\angle BCD=20^{\circ}\\\\\implies m\angle BCA=160^{\circ}[/tex]
[tex] \qquad \qquad \bf \huge\star \: \: \large{ \underline{Answer} } \huge \: \: \star[/tex]
Angle BCA = 160°[tex]\textsf{ \underline{\underline{Steps to solve the problem} }:}[/tex]
By Exterior angle property :
[tex]\qquad❖ \: \sf \:4x - 114 + 5x - 182 = 5x - 100[/tex]
[tex]\qquad❖ \: \sf \:9x -29 6 = 5x - 100[/tex]
[tex]\qquad❖ \: \sf \:9x - 5x = - 100 + 296[/tex]
[tex]\qquad❖ \: \sf \:4x = 96[/tex]
[tex]\qquad❖ \: \sf \:x = 24 \degree[/tex]
Next, Angle BCA = 180° - Angle BCD
( linear pair )
[ let angle BCA = y ]
[tex]\qquad❖ \: \sf \:y = 180 - (5x- 100)[/tex]
[tex]\qquad❖ \: \sf \:y = 180 - (5(24) - 100)[/tex]
[tex]\qquad❖ \: \sf \:y = 180 - (120 - 100)[/tex]
[tex]\qquad❖ \: \sf \:y = 180 - 20[/tex]
[tex]\qquad❖ \: \sf \:y = 160 \degree[/tex]
[tex] \qquad \large \sf {Conclusion} : [/tex]
Angle BCA = 160°Janet Lopez is establishing an investment portfolio that will include stock and bond funds. She has $720,000 to invest, and she does not want the portfolio to include more than 65% stocks. The average annual return for the stock fund she plans to invest in is 18%, whereas the average annual return for the bond fund is 6%. She further estimates that the most she could lose in the next year in the stock fund is 22%, whereas the most she could lose in the bond fund is 5%. To reduce her risk, she wants to limit her potential maximum losses to $100,000.
a. Formulate a linear programming model for this problem.
Answers
Based on the amounts that Janet Lopez has to invest in stocks and bonds, the linear programming model would be:
0.18x + 0.06y = maximized returns 0.22x + 0.05y ≤ 100,000x + y ≤ 720,000x/ y + y ≤0.65What is the linear programming model?The return on stocks (x) is 18% and the return on bonds (y) is 6%, The objective function:
= 0.18x + 0.06y
There are constraints to watch out for:
Maximum to lose on stocks is 22% and on bonds is 5% but these are to be less than the total amount of $100,000.
0.22x + 0.05y ≤ 100,000
The total amount to invest is $72,000 which means that both bonds and stocks need to be less than this amount:
x + y ≤ 720,000
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evaluate the sin, cos and tan for 120deg without using a calculator
Answers
Using equivalent angles, we have that the measures are given as follows:
[tex]\sin{120^\circ} = \frac{\sqrt{3}}{2}[/tex][tex]\cos{120^\circ} = -\frac{1}{2}[/tex][tex]\tan{120^\circ} = -\sqrt{3}[/tex]What are equivalent angles?Each angle on the second, third and fourth quadrants will have an equivalent on the first quadrant.
120º is in the second quadrant, hence the equivalent on the first quadrant is:
180º - 120º = 60º.
The sine on the second quadrant is positive, hence:
[tex]\sin{120^\circ} = \sin{60^{\circ}} = \frac{\sqrt{3}}{2}[/tex]
The cosine on the second quadrant is negative, hence:
[tex]\cos{120^\circ} = \cos{60^{\circ}} = -\frac{1}{2}[/tex]
The tangent is given by the sine divided by the cosine, hence:
[tex]\tan{120^\circ} = \frac{\sin{120^\circ}}{\cos{120^\circ}} = -\sqrt{3}[/tex]
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in ΔWXY, m∠W = (2x - 12)°, m∠X = (2x +17)°, and m∠Y = (9x - 7)°. Find m∠X.
Answers
Answer:
45°
Step-by-step explanation:
Angles in a triangle add to 180 degrees, so
2x - 12 + 2x + 17 + 9x - 7 = 18013x - 2 = 18013x = 182x = 14So, the measure of angle X is 2(14)+17=45°
the center of a circle is on the line y=2x and the line x=1 is tangent to the circle at (1,6).find the center and the radius
Answers
The radius and the center of the circle are 4 units and (1,2), respectively
How to determine the center and the radius?The center of the circle is on
y = 2x and x = 1
Substitute x = 1 in y = 2x
y = 2 * 1
Evaluate
y = 2
This means that the center is
Center = (1, 2)
Also, we have the point of tangency to be:
(x, y) = (1, 6)
This point and the center have the same x-coordinate.
So, the distance between this point and the center is
d = 6 - 2
d = 4
This represents the radius
Hence, the radius and the center of the circle are 4 units and (1,2), respectively
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pls help I dont understand this
Answers
Answer:
D
Step-by-step explanation:
how many 150-pound gas cylinders are uesd each year at a 500 gpm well that fequires a chlorine dosage of 1.5 mg/L?
Answers
The number of 150-pound gas cylinders are used each year for the well is 22.
Total volume of gallons used per year
V = 500 gal/min x 1 year x 525600 min/year
V = 262,800,000 gallons = 994,806,216.835 liters
Mass of the gas cylindersmass = density x volume
mass = 1.5 mg/L x 994,806,216.835 L
mass = 1,492,209,325 mg = 3289.75 lb
number of gas cylinders usedn = 3289.75 lb/150 lb
n = 21.9
n ≈ 22 gas cylinders
Thus, the number of 150-pound gas cylinders are used each year for the well is 22.
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I need help with this geometry problem see the image
Answers
The coordinate of each point is just the number it corresponds to.
a) 6
b) -5
c) 9
d) 0
The probability distribution for a
random variable x is given in the table.
x
-5 -3 -2 0
Probability 17
13 .33 16
2
.11
3
.10
Find the probability that -2 < x < 2
Answers
Answer:
0.6 or 60%
Step-by-step explanation:
According to the distribution table, the percent values within the interval of [- 2, 2] are:
0.33, 0.16, 0.11Add them together to get the required answer:
0.33 + 0.16 + 0.11 = 0.6 or 60%The answer is 0.6 or 60%.
The respective probabilities that lie in the interval [-2, 2] are 0.33, 0.16, and 0.11. Therefore, the probability it lies in the interval is equal to the sum of the probabilities.
0.33 + 0.16 + 0.110.49 + 0.110.6 = 60%A tank originally contains 100 gallon of fresh water. Then water containing 0.5 Lb of salt per gallon is pourd into the tank at a rate of 2 gal/minute, and the mixture is allowed to leave at the same rate. After 10 minute the process is stopped, and fresh water is poured into the tank at a rate of 2 gal/min, with the mixture again leaving at the same rate. Find the amount of salt in the tank at end of an additional 10 minutes.
Answers
Let [tex]S(t)[/tex] denote the amount of salt (in lbs) in the tank at time [tex]t[/tex] min up to the 10th minute. The tank starts with 100 gal of fresh water, so [tex]S(0)=0[/tex].
Salt flows into the tank at a rate of
[tex]\left(0.5\dfrac{\rm lb}{\rm gal}\right) \left(2\dfrac{\rm gal}{\rm min}\right) = 1\dfrac{\rm lb}{\rm min}[/tex]
and flows out with rate
[tex]\left(\dfrac{S(t)\,\rm lb}{100\,\mathrm{gal} + \left(2\frac{\rm gal}{\rm min} - 2\frac{\rm gal}{\rm min}\right)t}\right) \left(2\dfrac{\rm gal}{\rm min}\right) = \dfrac{S(t)}{50} \dfrac{\rm lb}{\rm min}[/tex]
Then the net rate of change in the salt content of the mixture is governed by the linear differential equation
[tex]\dfrac{dS}{dt} = 1 - \dfrac S{50}[/tex]
Solving with an integrating factor, we have
[tex]\dfrac{dS}{dt} + \dfrac S{50} = 1[/tex]
[tex]\dfrac{dS}{dt} e^{t/50}+ \dfrac1{50}Se^{t/50} = e^{t/50}[/tex]
[tex]\dfrac{d}{dt} \left(S e^{t/50}\right) = e^{t/50}[/tex]
By the fundamental theorem of calculus, integrating both sides yields
[tex]\displaystyle S e^{t/50} = Se^{t/50}\bigg|_{t=0} + \int_0^t e^{u/50}\, du[/tex]
[tex]S e^{t/50} = S(0) + 50(e^{t/50} - 1)[/tex]
[tex]S = 50 - 50e^{-t/50}[/tex]
After 10 min, the tank contains
[tex]S(10) = 50 - 50e^{-10/50} = 50 \dfrac{e^{1/5}-1}{e^{1/5}} \approx 9.063 \,\rm lb[/tex]
of salt.
Now let [tex]\hat S(t)[/tex] denote the amount of salt in the tank at time [tex]t[/tex] min after the first 10 minutes have elapsed, with initial value [tex]\hat S(0)=S(10)[/tex].
Fresh water is poured into the tank, so there is no salt inflow. The salt that remains in the tank flows out at a rate of
[tex]\left(\dfrac{\hat S(t)\,\rm lb}{100\,\mathrm{gal}+\left(2\frac{\rm gal}{\rm min}-2\frac{\rm gal}{\rm min}\right)t}\right) \left(2\dfrac{\rm gal}{\rm min}\right) = \dfrac{\hat S(t)}{50} \dfrac{\rm lb}{\rm min}[/tex]
so that [tex]\hat S[/tex] is given by the differential equation
[tex]\dfrac{d\hat S}{dt} = -\dfrac{\hat S}{50}[/tex]
We solve this equation in exactly the same way.
[tex]\dfrac{d\hat S}{dt} + \dfrac{\hat S}{50} = 0[/tex]
[tex]\dfrac{d\hat S}{dt} e^{t/50} + \dfrac1{50}\hat S e^{t/50} = 0[/tex]
[tex]\dfrac{d}{dt} \left(\hat S e^{t/50}\right) = 0[/tex]
[tex]\hat S e^{t/50} = \hat S(0)[/tex]
[tex]\hat S = 50 \dfrac{e^{1/5}-1}{e^{1/5}} e^{-t/50}[/tex]
After another 10 min, the tank has
[tex]\hat S(10) = 50 \dfrac{e^{1/5}-1}{e^{1/5}} e^{-1/5} = 50 \dfrac{e^{1/5}-1}{e^{2/5}} \approx \boxed{7.421}[/tex]
lb of salt.