the share of u.s. sales accounted for by the detroit 3 has declined from ________ percent in 1995 to ________ percent in 2010.

The example described represents secondary succession, which occurs when an ecosystem recovers after a disturbance in an area that already had soil and vegetation present.

The situation of an old plowed farmer's field recovering after being abandoned is a classic illustration of secondary succession. Secondary succession refers to the process of ecological recovery that takes place in an area that has experienced a disturbance, such as human activity, fire, or natural disasters, but still retains its soil and some remnants of vegetation.

In this case, the plowed field had been disturbed by human activity (plowing), resulting in the removal of existing vegetation and disruption of the soil structure. However, since the field had not been completely stripped of soil, seeds, and underground plant parts, it still had the potential for regeneration. Over time, through mechanisms such as wind dispersal, animal transportation, or natural seed banks, plant species begin to recolonize the area. Pioneer species, such as fast-growing grasses or herbaceous plants, are often the first to establish themselves. They help stabilize the soil, improve nutrient availability, and create a more favorable environment for other plant species to colonize. As the plant community becomes more diverse and complex, it attracts a wider range of animals, which further contribute to the ecosystem restoration process.

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An employer who offers general training during the first period of employment will pay a wage equal to the worker's value of the marginal product minus the cost of training during the first period. The correct option is b.

This is because the employer expects the general training to increase the productivity of the worker and therefore increase the value of the marginal product. The value of this additional output, or the worker's value of the marginal product, represents the extra revenue generated by the worker's output.

However, the cost of training must also be taken into consideration when determining the wage to be paid during the first period of employment. The wage paid should be equal to the worker's value of the marginal product minus the cost of training, as this will ensure that both the employer and the worker benefit from the training.

The correct option is b.

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The gain reported in 2022 is (0.5880) x ($5,000 + $10,000) = $8,826.

To calculate the total contract price, total gain on the sale, and the amount of gain reported in 2022 using the installment sales method, we need to consider the different components of the transaction.

Total Contract Price:

The total contract price is the sum of the down payment, the balance payable in installments, and the assumed mortgage. In this case, the down payment is $5,000, the balance payable in installments over eight years is $10,000 per year for eight years (8 x $10,000 = $80,000), and the assumed mortgage is $15,000. Therefore, the total contract price is:

$5,000 + $80,000 + $15,000 = $100,000.

Total Gain on the Sale:

The total gain on the sale is calculated by subtracting the basis in the property and the selling expenses from the total contract price. The basis is $40,000, and the selling expenses are $1,200. Hence, the total gain on the sale is:

$100,000 - $40,000 - $1,200 = $58,800.

Gain Reported in 2022:

To determine the gain reported in 2022, we need to calculate the gross profit percentage. The gross profit percentage is the total gain on the sale divided by the total contract price. In this case, the gross profit percentage is:

($58,800 / $100,000) ≈ 0.5880.

Next, we multiply the gross profit percentage by the amount received in 2022, which includes the down payment and the principal portion of the installment payment received in that year. The down payment received in 2022 is $5,000, and the principal portion of the installment payment is $10,000. Therefore, the gain reported in 2022 is:

(0.5880) x ($5,000 + $10,000) = $8,826.

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The loan to help build a K-12 school for girls in rural Pakistan would be most beneficial to women in the long term.

Building a K-12 school for girls in rural Pakistan would have a significant and lasting impact on the lives of women in the community. Education is a powerful tool for empowerment, and providing girls with access to quality education can break the cycle of poverty and discrimination. By investing in their education, the loan would enable girls to acquire knowledge, skills, and opportunities for a better future. It would promote gender equality, improve literacy rates, and empower women to pursue higher education and career prospects. Additionally, the school would serve as a safe and inclusive space for girls, fostering their personal and social development. Overall, this microloan would have far-reaching positive effects on the lives of women, their families, and the broader community.

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C) Speculators; arbitrageurs. In the foreign exchange market, speculators seek all of their profit from exchange rate changes. They aim to predict and take advantage of future fluctuations in currency exchange rates. Speculators engage in buying and selling currencies with the expectation of profiting from the difference in exchange rates over time. They may speculate on the direction of currency values, hoping to buy low and sell high or sell high and buy back at a lower price.

On the other hand, arbitrageurs seek to profit from simultaneous exchange rate differences in different markets. They exploit temporary disparities or inefficiencies in currency prices across different markets or exchanges. Arbitrageurs engage in buying and selling currencies or other financial instruments in different markets to take advantage of price differentials and make risk-free profits. By quickly capitalizing on these price discrepancies, arbitrageurs help to ensure that exchange rates remain aligned across markets.

Therefore, the correct answer is C) speculators; arbitrageurs, as speculators focus on exchange rate changes for profit, while arbitrageurs seek to profit from simultaneous exchange rate differences in different markets.

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Version-oriented configuration management is focused on controlling versions of software, while change-oriented configuration management is focused on managing changes made to software over time.

Version-oriented configuration management is a type of configuration management that focuses on controlling and managing different versions of software or systems. In this approach, each version of the software is carefully managed and tracked through its lifecycle, from development to release and beyond. The primary goal of version-oriented configuration management is to ensure that each version of the software is stable and reliable and can be easily reproduced or rolled back if necessary.

On the other hand, change-oriented configuration management is focused on tracking and managing changes made to software or systems over time. This approach is more flexible than version-oriented configuration management and is designed to accommodate a more dynamic development environment. With change-oriented configuration management, the focus is on tracking changes made to the software or system, rather than specific versions. This approach allows developers to make changes quickly and easily without worrying about managing multiple versions of the software.

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Energy transmission workers play a crucial role in the energy industry. They are responsible for ensuring that energy is delivered safely and efficiently to homes, businesses, and other locations.

The following are some of the likely tasks that energy transmission workers are responsible for:1. Installing and maintaining transmission lines and towers: Energy transmission workers are responsible for installing and maintaining the transmission lines and towers that carry electricity across long distances. They may be required to climb poles or towers to inspect or repair the lines.2. Monitoring and repairing equipment: Energy transmission workers are responsible for monitoring and repairing the equipment that is used to transmit energy, including transformers, circuit breakers, and other components. They may need to perform routine maintenance to ensure that the equipment is functioning properly.3. Troubleshooting issues: Energy transmission workers are responsible for troubleshooting issues that arise with the transmission system. This may include identifying the source of a power outage, restoring power to a location that has lost power, or investigating equipment failures.4. Responding to emergencies: Energy transmission workers are often the first responders in the event of an emergency. They may be required to respond to power outages, natural disasters, or other emergencies to ensure that energy is restored as quickly as possible.5. Collaborating with other workers: Energy transmission workers may work with other workers in the energy industry, including power plant operators, distribution workers, and customer service representatives. They must be able to collaborate effectively with others to ensure that energy is delivered safely and efficiently.These are some of the likely tasks that energy transmission workers may be responsible for.

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When manufacturing its airplanes, Boeing probably uses a process layout.

This type of layout is characterized by the arrangement of different workstations or departments according to the type of process they perform.

Each workstation or department specializes in a particular task, and the product moves from one area to another until it is complete. This approach is well-suited for products that require multiple stages of production or involve various types of machinery.

With a process layout, Boeing can optimize production efficiency by assigning specialized workers and equipment to each process and by minimizing the time and distance required to move the product between workstations.

Overall, this layout helps Boeing to produce high-quality airplanes in a cost-effective and timely manner.

Hence, the answer is process layout.

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The main answer is option A, health insurance. By discontinuing services to individuals and laying off employees, the architecture firm will likely no longer need to provide health insurance to those employees who were laid off.

Health insurance is a cost that is typically provided to employees by their employer. If an employer lays off employees, they may no longer need to provide health insurance to those employees, resulting in cost savings. The other options listed, utilities, internet, and building insurance, are typically fixed costs that the firm will still need to pay regardless of whether they offer services to individuals or not.

By discontinuing services to individuals and laying off some employees, the architecture firm would likely reduce the number of employees receiving health insurance benefits, which could lead to cost savings. The other options (utilities, internet, and building insurance) are expenses that would still be incurred regardless of the client base or the number of employees.

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To prepare Elan Corporation's statement of cash flows for the year ended June 30, 2018, using the indirect method for operating cash flows, detailed financial information and the following steps would be necessary:

Start with Net Income: Begin with the net income reported on the company's income statement for the year.

Adjust for Non-Cash Items: Add back any non-cash expenses, such as depreciation and amortization, and subtract any non-cash revenues.

Consider Changes in Working Capital: Analyze changes in current assets and current liabilities from the balance sheet. Adjust for increases or decreases in accounts receivable, accounts payable, and other working capital items. Cash outflows from increases in working capital are subtracted, while cash inflows from decreases in working capital are added.

Calculate Operating Cash Flows: Combine the adjusted net income with the adjustments for non-cash items and changes in working capital to determine the net cash provided by or used in operating activities.

The resulting statement of cash flows will provide a comprehensive overview of Elan Corporation's cash inflows and outflows during the specified period, focusing on operating, investing, and financing activities.

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Data mining can be classified under the trend of increased emphasis on data-driven decision making in marketing strategy planning. As companies collect more and more data about their customers and their behaviors, the use of data mining techniques becomes increasingly important in order to identify patterns and insights that can inform marketing strategies.

Data mining involves the use of statistical algorithms and machine learning to analyze large datasets and uncover patterns and relationships within the data. This information can then be used to make informed decisions about marketing tactics and messaging. Additionally, data mining can also be used to personalize marketing efforts and improve customer experiences. Overall, the trend towards data-driven decision making in marketing strategy planning highlights the importance of using advanced analytical techniques like data mining to drive business outcomes.
Data mining can be classified under the trend of utilizing technology and big data for marketing strategy planning. As technology advances and the amount of data available increases, businesses need to adapt their marketing strategies accordingly. Data mining is a process of extracting useful information from large datasets, which can help businesses make informed decisions about their marketing strategies.

In the context of marketing, data mining can be used to analyze customer behavior, preferences, and demographics to identify patterns and trends. This information can help businesses better understand their target audience, improve customer segmentation, and personalize their marketing efforts. Moreover, data mining can help identify potential opportunities and threats, allowing companies to react proactively to market changes.

As data mining becomes more prevalent in marketing strategy planning, businesses need to invest in the necessary tools and expertise to leverage this trend effectively. By embracing data mining, companies can stay competitive, enhance customer engagement, and drive growth in an increasingly data-driven marketplace.

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The statement describes a leadership approach known as "Transformational Leadership."

Transformational leadership involves inspiring and motivating followers by creating a shared vision, fostering enthusiasm, and encouraging commitment to that vision. The leader focuses on empowering and developing their employees, promoting growth and innovation, and nurturing a positive and collaborative work environment. Transformational leaders often exhibit charismatic and inspirational behaviors, and they strive to bring out the best in their employees while working towards a common goal.

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Yes, the daily closing price of Tesco stock over the past month would indeed be a time series.

A time series is a collection of data points recorded over a specific period of time, where each data point corresponds to a specific time period.

In this case, the daily closing prices of Tesco stock represent observations recorded at regular intervals (each trading day) over the course of a month. By analyzing the time series data, one can observe and analyze the patterns, trends, and fluctuations in the stock's price over time.

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Selling goods or services that are paid for, in whole or part, with other goods or services is called "countertrade."

Countertrade involves the exchange of goods or services as a form of payment, rather than using traditional currency. This practice is often used in international trade when dealing with countries that may have limited access to foreign currency or prefer to trade in kind. Countertrade can take various forms, such as barter, offset agreements, or counter purchase agreements.

Countertrade is a method of trade where goods or services are exchanged directly for other goods or services, rather than using monetary payment. It is a form of trade that facilitates transactions between countries with different currencies or limited access to foreign currency.

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If poor-quality materials are used in a project, it can result in excessive labor processing time. This can occur due to a number of factors, such as the need to correct mistakes or redo work that was not done correctly the first time. When this happens, the manager of the project is likely to be held responsible for the labor efficiency variance.

This is because the manager is responsible for ensuring that the project is completed on time and within budget. If the use of poor-quality materials results in a delay in the project or an increase in labor costs, it is the manager's responsibility to address these issues. This may involve finding ways to improve the quality of the materials used or finding ways to streamline the labor process to reduce the amount of time needed.
In some cases, the manager may need to work closely with the suppliers of the materials to ensure that they are providing high-quality products that meet the project's specifications. They may also need to provide additional training or resources to the workers to help them work more efficiently and effectively.
Ultimately, the responsibility for ensuring that the project is completed on time and within budget falls on the shoulders of the manager. By being proactive and taking steps to address any issues that arise, they can help to ensure that the project is completed successfully and to the satisfaction of all stakeholders.

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False. An increase in nominal GDP does not necessarily mean there has been an outward shift of the production possibilities frontier.

Nominal GDP can increase due to factors such as inflation or an increase in prices, without any increase in the actual production capacity of the economy.

An outward shift of the production possibilities frontier would require an increase in the productive capacity of the economy, such as through technological advancements or an increase in resources.

Nominal GDP (Gross Domestic Product) refers to the total value of goods and services produced within a country's borders during a specific period, typically a year, at current market prices. It represents the monetary worth of a country's economic output without adjusting for inflation.

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The second time the condemnation proceeding, the court concludes the fair worth of the land, which commonly is around equivalent to its reasonable worth.  

The option (A) is correct.

Fair worth alludes to the impartial gauge of the worth of the property, thinking about different factors like its ongoing use, expected utilization, area, and any extraordinary qualities. Market esteem, then again, is the value that a willing purchaser and a willing vendor would concur upon in an open market exchange.

While market esteem is many times utilized as a benchmark in deciding fair worth, there might be examples where the court's assurance of fair worth might contrast with the market esteem. This could be because of explicit conditions or contemplations connected with the judgment continuing.

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This question is not complete, Here I am attaching the complete question:

In the second phase of the condemnation proceeding, the court determines the fair value of the land, which is:

(A) equivalent to its reasonable worth.  

(B) a public use.

(C) constructive eviction.

Credit card balances are not considered a part of the money supply. The correct option is d)   not part of the money supply

The money supply is defined as the total amount of money that is available in the economy for spending, and it is divided into different categories depending on the level of liquidity or ease of access to the funds. The most commonly used classification system is the M1, M2, and M3 system.

M1 includes currency, coins, and demand deposits (checking accounts) held by individuals and businesses. M2 includes M1 plus savings deposits, time deposits, and money market funds. M3 includes M2 plus large-denomination time deposits, repurchase agreements, and institutional money market funds.

Credit card balances do not fall into any of these categories. They are liabilities that individuals owe to credit card companies, and they do not represent actual cash or funds that can be used for spending. While credit card balances can be used to make purchases, they are not a part of the money supply because they do not represent a direct claim on any assets or resources.

In summary, credit card balances are not a part of the money supply because they are not a form of money or currency. They are liabilities that individuals owe to credit card companies and do not represent actual funds that can be used for spending or investment purposes.

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The organization established by the Sarbanes-Oxley Act in 2003 for the purpose of establishing auditing standards for public companies is B. Public Company Accounting Oversight Board.

The Auditing Standards Board (A) is a separate entity within the American Institute of Certified Public Accountants (AICPA) that establishes auditing standards for private companies. The International Audit Practices Committee (C) does not have a direct connection to the Sarbanes-Oxley Act and is not responsible for establishing auditing standards for public companies.

The Information Systems Audit and Control Association (D) is an organization focused on IT governance, risk management, and cybersecurity, but it is not directly related to the establishment of auditing standards for public companies under Sarbanes-Oxley. Hence, B is the correct option.

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A company bought a new $66,000 heating system. If the transaction has commercial substance, the company should record the new heating system at its fair value of $66,000.

If the transaction has commercial substance, the company should record the new heating system at its fair value, which is the amount of cash paid plus the fair value of the trade-in.

Cash paid: $62,400

The fair value of trade-in: $3,600 (since it was not fully depreciated and had some remaining value)

Therefore, the total fair value of the new heating system is $62,400 + $3,600 = $66,000, which is the original cost of the new system.

So, the company should record the new heating system at its original cost of $66,000.

This is because the transaction has commercial substance, meaning that the exchange of the old system and cash for the new system is significant enough to impact the financial position of the company.

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Based on the comparative balance sheets for 2021 and 2020 provided by Red, Inc., it appears that the company's total assets have increased from $606 million to $849 million. The increase in assets is mainly due to an increase in cash, accounts receivable, inventory, and buildings and equipment.

In terms of liabilities, accounts payable have decreased from $132 million to $103 million, while accrued liabilities have also decreased from $19 million to $11 million. However, Red, Inc. has taken on additional debt in the form of notes payable and bonds payable. The company now owes $76 million in notes payable and $189 million in bonds payable.

The statement of income for 2021 is not provided, so it is difficult to make any specific conclusions about Red, Inc.'s profitability for the year. However, we do know that the company's retained earnings have increased from $39 million to $54 million, indicating that they have had some level of profitability in 2021.

Additional information from the accounting records of Red, Inc. is not provided, so we cannot make any further analysis or conclusions based on the information given.

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Looking at the comparative balance sheets for Red, Inc., we can see that the company's total assets have increased from $606 million in 2020 to $849 million in 2021.

This increase in assets can be attributed to increases in cash, accounts receivable, prepaid insurance, and inventory. Additionally, the company's buildings and equipment have also increased due to new investments, which is reflected in the increase in accumulated depreciation. The company's liabilities have also increased from $151 million in 2020 to $379 million in 2021. This increase is primarily due to the issuance of bonds payable, which accounted for $189 million of the increase in liabilities. The company also has notes payable and accounts payable, which have decreased and increased, respectively.

In terms of shareholder's equity, the company's common stock remained constant at $416 million, while retained earnings increased from $39 million in 2020 to $54 million in 2021.

Looking at the statement of income for 2021, we can see that the company generated total revenues of $1,200 million and had a cost of goods sold of $840 million, resulting in a gross profit of $360 million. The company had operating expenses of $240 million and interest expenses of $30 million, resulting in operating income of $90 million. The company's income before taxes was $60 million, and after deducting taxes of $20 million, the company's net income for 2021 was $40 million

Overall, Red, Inc. has experienced significant growth in its assets and liabilities from 2020 to 2021, largely due to new investments and the issuance of bonds payable. While the company's net income for 2021 was $40 million, its continued growth in assets and liabilities suggests that it may be in a strong financial position to continue investing and growing in the future.

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The point where diminishing marginal returns set in is d. between the second and third units of labor.

The concept of diminishing marginal returns asserts that the marginal gains obtained from incorporating more units of a variable factor (for instance, manpower or funding) into a constant factor (such as machinery or real estate) will eventually decline.

The diminishing marginal returns at the 2 nd unit was :

= Pairs of shoes at 2 labor - pairs of shoes at 1

= 50 - 20

= 30

The diminishing marginal returns at the 3rd unit was :

= 75 - 50

= 25 pairs of shoes

This shows that between the 2 nd and 3 rd units of labor, the marginal returns began diminishing.

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**False.** If you buy one share of the stock on December 23, you will be the holder of record on December 25. Therefore, you will be eligible to receive the dividend of $1 per share that was declared on December 8.

When a firm declares a dividend, it sets a specific date called the "record date" to determine who the eligible shareholders are. Anyone who owns the stock on or before the record date is entitled to receive the dividend. In this case, if you purchase the stock on December 23, which is before the record date of December 25, you will be considered a shareholder of record and will receive the dividend.

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Regarding tax recognition of alimony paid in 2020 per a 2018 divorce, the statement that is true is: B. Payments may be made in cash or property.

According to tax regulations in the United States, alimony payments made in 2020 based on a divorce agreement from 2018 have specific requirements for tax recognition. In this context, the true statement is that payments may be made in cash or property (Option B). This means that the payor spouse has the flexibility to make alimony payments using either cash or non-cash assets such as property, as long as it aligns with the divorce agreement.

The other options are not correct in this context. Option A, which states that the divorced couple may be members of the same household when payments are made, is not true because alimony payments are generally not made between members of the same household. Option C, regarding insurance premiums, and Option D, stating that payments must terminate at the death of the payee spouse, are also not accurate in terms of tax recognition of alimony payments in 2020 based on a 2018 divorce.

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The cost-plus loan pricing method involves adding the costs and desired profit margin to determine the interest rate on the loan.

In this case, the bank has determined the following:

Marginal cost of raising funds = 3.5%

Non funds operating costs = 3.20%

Default risk = 1.45%

Desired profit margin = 1.20%

To find the interest rate, we need to add these costs and profit margin together:

Interest rate = Marginal cost + Nonfunds operating costs + Default risk + Desired profit margin

Interest rate = 3.5% + 3.20% + 1.45% + 1.20%

Interest rate = 9.35%

Therefore, the interest rate on the loan using the cost-plus loan pricing method should be 9.35%.

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Investment decisions center on the trade-off between the desired return an investor seeks and the level of risk the investor is willing to take. This fundamental principle guides the process of evaluating and selecting investment opportunities.

When making investment decisions, investors aim to achieve a certain level of return on their investment. This desired return depends on various factors, such as financial goals, time horizon, and risk tolerance. Investors typically expect a higher return for accepting higher levels of risk. However, the level of risk an investor is willing to assume varies from person to person. Some investors may have a higher risk tolerance and are comfortable taking on more volatile or speculative investments, potentially seeking higher returns. On the other hand, risk-averse investors prioritize capital preservation and are more inclined to choose safer investments with lower returns.

The trade-off between return and risk is crucial in determining the appropriate investment strategy. Investors must carefully analyze and assess the potential risks associated with an investment opportunity before committing capital. This involves evaluating factors such as market conditions, industry trends, financial performance, and regulatory factors. By understanding their desired return and risk tolerance, investors can effectively balance their investment decisions to align with their financial objectives and personal comfort levels, aiming for the optimal risk-return trade-off.

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The answer is True as Prime costs refer to the costs that are directly associated with the production of a product or service.

These costs include direct materials, which are the materials used in the manufacturing process, indirect materials, which are the materials that are necessary for the production process but are not directly used in the product, and direct labor, which is the cost of the workers who are directly involved in the production process.

Prime costs are an important factor in determining the profitability of a product or service and are often used in cost accounting to calculate the total cost of production.

By tracking and managing these costs, companies can better control their expenses and improve their bottom line.

Hence, the statement is true.

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The coupon rate on the bonds must also be 7.2%.

To solve for the coupon rate, we can use the following formula:

Coupon rate = (Annual coupon payment / Bond's par value) x 100%

First, we need to calculate the annual coupon payment. We know that the bond makes annual payments, and its par value is $1,000. The yield is 7.2%, which means the bondholders receive a return of 7.2% on their investment each year. Therefore, the annual coupon payment can be calculated as follows:

Annual coupon payment = Bond's par value x Yield

Annual coupon payment = $1,000 x 0.072

Annual coupon payment = $72

Now we can use the formula above to calculate the coupon rate:

Coupon rate = (Annual coupon payment / Bond's par value) x 100%

Coupon rate = ($72 / $1,000) x 100%

Coupon rate = 7.2%

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The criterion for identifying a primary government is that it has a separately elected governing board. This means that the government's board members are elected by the citizens of the government's jurisdiction, rather than being appointed by another government entity or outside organization. The correct option is c.

This ensures that the government is accountable to its citizens and operates in their best interests. Additionally, a primary government may also be identified by its local status, meaning that it is responsible for providing services and governance to a specific geographic area.

It may also prepare financial statements in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles (GAAP) and be fiscally dependent on its own revenue sources rather than relying on outside funding. Overall, the presence of a separately elected governing board is the most significant criterion for identifying a primary government, as it reflects the government's autonomy and accountability to its citizens.

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