Early hominins walked on two legs is the answer.
Laetoli's footprint provides a clear snapshot of early Hominini bipedalism with slightly but significantly different limb postures. These data support the hypothesis that significant evolutionary changes in Hominini bipedalism occurred 36 million years ago.
Laetoli is a prehistoric site in the Enduleni district of the Ngorongoro district in the Arusha region of Tanzania. The site dates from the Pliocene to the Pleistocene and is famous for its Hominini footprints preserved in volcanic ash. The location of Laetoli's footprints is 45 km south of the Olduvai Gorge.
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12. Do the optimal conditions for amylase function correspond with the usual conditions of the human body
Yes, the optimal conditions for amylase function correspond with the usual conditions of the human body.
Temperature and pH of amylase:The pH and temperature ranges for Amylase are 7 (neutral) and 37 °C, respectively. Our bodies include the enzyme AMYLASE, which aids in the body's ability to digest food. Saliva and the pancreas contain amylase. Glycogen, starch, and other related polysaccharides are hydrolyzed (broken down) into simpler, more useable forms of sugar by amylase.
Alpha-1,4-glucan 4-glucano-hydrolase, also known as purified human pancreatic alpha-amylase (EC 3.2.1.1), was discovered to be stable throughout a wide pH range (5.0 to 10.5), with 7.0 being the ideal pH for enzymatic activity. For soluble starch, the enzyme's Michaelis constant was discovered to be 2.51 mg per ml under the ideal pH and assay conditions. Sulfate and nitrate were not necessary for the enzyme to function; however, halide ions were.
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The term hominin refers to modern-day humans and our fossil relatives that are more similar to us than they are to chimpanzees. True False
True. The term hominin refers to modern-day humans and our fossil relatives that are more similar to us than they are to chimpanzees.
What is hominin?Hominins are our direct predecessors, extinct human species, and modern humans collectively (including members of the genera Homo, Australopithecus, Paranthropus and Ardipithecus).A member of the family Hominidae, which includes humans, gorillas, chimpanzees, and orangutans, is referred to as a hominid. A member of the subfamily Homininae, which includes humans, gorillas, and chimpanzees, is a hominine (excludes orangutans). A hominin is a chimpanzee or human who belongs to the Hominini tribe.Three distinct taxonomic levels were established for chimpanzees, gorillas, and humans. Humans are a member of the Hominini, sometimes known as hominins. The primary distinction between hominid and hominin is that the former refers to the family to which humans belong while the latter refers to the level of the tribe to which humans belong.Learn more about hominin here:
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Which steps involved in the contraction of a skeletal muscle require binding and/or hydrolysis of atp?
Answer:
Dissociation of the myosin head from the actin filament requires the binding of ATP (I).
After teaching a group of students about fertilization, the instructor determines that the teaching was successful when the group identifies which as the usual site of fertilization?
After teaching a group of students about fertilization, the instructor determines that the teaching was successful when the group identifies the distal portion of fallopian tube as the usual site of fertilization.
What is fertilization?Fertilization is defined as binding of a male gamete(sperm) to a female gamete(ova) which would lead to the formation of a zygote.
Without fertilization, reproduction and conception cannot take place for the development of a foetus.
In female reproductive system, this fertilization takes place in the distal portion of fallopian tube.
Therefore, after teaching a group of students about fertilization, the instructor determines that the teaching was successful when the group identifies the distal portion of fallopian tube as the usual site of fertilization.
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A 1500 iu (300 µg) dose of rhig can suppress immunization to _____ ml of d-positive whole blood.
A 1500 iu (300 µg) dose of rhig can suppress immunization to 30ml ml of d-positive whole blood
About 30 mL of D-positive whole blood can prevent immunization with 300 g of RhIg (15 mL of packed rbc). If the gestational age is less than 12 weeks, a dose of 600 IU (120 g) can be adequate. The recommended dosages change from nation to country and even within countries depending on the foetus' development.
In North America, it is accepted that 300 g of RhIg can prevent the immunisation of about 30 mL of whole blood that has tested positive for D. For example, FMH larger than 30 mL of whole blood (for 300 g dosages) and FMH above 12 mL of RBC (for 100 g doses) both call for testing to identify larger foetal bleeds.
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Blood transport_________ from the lungs to all the cells of the body.
Answer:
Blood transports oxygen from the lungs to all cells of the body.
Explanation:
In the circulatory system , a person breaths in air which is then filtered for oxygen an d the rest of the components are discarded through exhaling .
The oxygen is then taken in by air sacks which later combines blood with oxygen , so hemoglobin which is a blood component takes it to form oxyhemoglobin , which runs through the blood vessels , to the cells for consumption .
The cells will then deposit the deoxygenated blood which returns back tot he heart and then lungs for oxygenation .
The most significant threat to biodiversity today is ________________. Group of answer choices the killing of competing species the elimination of habitat the introduction of foreign species. the reduction of sperm counts. the acidification of the oceans.
Answer:
B.) the elimination of habitat
Explanation:
While all of the answer choices could decrease biodiversity, the most prevalent issue comes from habitat loss as a result of urbanization and the overuse of natural resources.
What did not occur in the hadean eon? a.) formation of the earth b.) meteor bombardment c.) formation of earliest solid rock d.) oxygen begins to appear in the atmosphere
Answe. No rocks on the Earth r:
Explanation:
People with diseases that result in the malabsorption of which nutrient are at risk for a vitamin d deficiency?
Inadequate dietary vitamin D or its deficiency leads to malabsorption of calcium. Nutritional disorder leads to the rare disease rickets, which causes bones to become soft and bend in children. In adults, vitamin D deficiency leads to osteomalacia, which causes weak bones, bone pain and muscle weakness.
The body needs vitamin D to properly absorb calcium and phosphorus from the diet. However, keeping the right quantities of calcium and phosphorus in bones is challenging when vitamin D levels are low.
The two sources of vitamin D are-
Natural sunlight Foods such as fish oil, Egg yolk and fatty fishes like salmon and mackerelThere are other disease conditions which lead to poor absorption of vitamin D-
Inflammatory bowel diseaseCeliac diseasesKidney problemsTo learn more about Rickets here-
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According to the theory of endosymbiosis, early eukaryotes evolved by symbiotic association of prokaryotes. Which two protists evolved from a symbiotic relationship of organisms, which resulted in eukaryotic organisms containing chloroplasts?
paramecium
red algae
euglena
slime molds
The two protists that evolved from a symbiotic relationship of organisms are red algae and euglena.
What is symbiotic relationship of organisms?The symbiotic relationship is defined as the type of close relationship between two different organisms where by one or both benefit from each other.
According to the theory of endosymbiosis, which states that in symbiosis which involves a larger cell that serves as a host and a smaller cell that is referred to as an endosymbiont.
Therefore the two protists that evolved from a symbiotic relationship of organisms, which resulted in eukaryotic organisms containing chloroplasts is the red algae
euglena.
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Which information can be used to determine an atom's identity?
Counting the number of electrons
Counting both neutrons and electrons
Counting the number of neutrons
Counting the number of protons
The information which can be used to determine an atom's identity is by counting the number of protons
What is an atom?An atom can be defined as the smallest part of an element which can take part in a chemical reaction.
So therefore, the information which can be used to determine an atom's identity is by counting the number of protons
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Would a drug that acts by disrupting the nuclear envelope (the double membrane surrounding the nucleus) be effective for treating bacterial infections
No, the drug which acts by disrupting the nuclear envelope will not be effective for treating bacterial infection.
Bacteria do not have the membrane-bound nuclei that are seen in eukaryotic cells; instead, their DNA forms a tangle that is referred to as a nucleoid. However, there is no membrane present around the nucleoid, and the DNA is not coupled to proteins like it is in eukaryotic cells. Loops can be seen in the DNA of bacteria, in contrast to the linear structures that make up chromosomes in eukaryotic cells.
Therefore, the drug will not be effective in treating bacterial infections as bacterial cells lack a double-membrane structure surrounding the nucleus.
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process of DNA replication
DNA replication is the process through which cells make copies of the genome's DNA. A cell must first replicate its full genome before it can divide, ensuring that each daughter cell has a complete genome upon division.
What is DNA replication?A double-stranded DNA molecule is copied to create two identical DNA molecules through DNA replication. Because every time a cell splits, the two new daughter cells must have the same genetic material, or DNA, as the parent cell, replication is crucial.The ability of each DNA strand to function as a template for duplication is essential to the replication process. DNA double helix unwinding occurs at specified locations, known as origins, where DNA replication begins.The production of a primer, a brief section of RNA that serves as the beginning point for synthesizing fresh DNA, follows. By matching nucleotides to those on the original strand, an enzyme known as DNA polymerase starts duplicating the DNA. Once synthesis is finished, the RNA primers are switched out for DNA, and any gaps between freshly produced DNA segments are closed by enzymes.Since DNA replication is a critical process, the freshly manufactured DNA is proofread by the cell to make sure no errors or mutations are added. Once a cell's DNA has been duplicated, it can divide into two identical copies, each of which has the original DNA.To learn more about DNA, refer to:
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Justin has decided that he wants to involve his employees in all of the different steps of decision making: identifying problems, generating alternatives, selecting solutions, planning implementations, and evaluating results. If he does this, he can expect that employee performance and job satisfaction will
Justin has decided that he wants to involve his employees in all of the different steps of decision-making: identifying problems, generating alternatives, selecting solutions, planning implementations, and evaluating results. If he does this, he can expect that employee performance and job satisfaction will increase.
What is job satisfaction?A measure of a worker's contentment with their job, whether they like the job or specific features or facets of occupations, such as the nature of the job or supervision, is called job satisfaction, employee satisfaction, or work satisfaction. The cognitive (or evaluative), affective (or emotional), and behavioral components of job satisfaction can all be assessed. Researchers have also highlighted that different job satisfaction measures vary in how much they represent thoughts or feelings about the job.
Employee performance is characterized by how well they carry out their job responsibilities and complete their assigned tasks. It speaks to the usefulness, excellence, and efficacy of their output. Performance is a factor in how valuable we consider each person to be to the company.
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how does water get undergroud
Answer:
It seeps through soil, sand, and stone.
Explanation:
Almost all natural materials are porous, meaning they have little holes and openings things can seep through, especially liquid. The ground is made of natural substances, so therefore, water can get underground.
Living organisms require a large temperature stimulus before the body temperature changes because the ______ bonds of water counteract molecular movement.
Living organisms require a large temperature stimulus before the body temperature changes because the hydrogen bonds of water counteract molecular movement.
Numerous qualities of water are essential to sustaining life-
Because of its polarity, water may establish hydrogen bonds that enable ions and other polar molecules to dissolve in it. Water is an ideal solvent as a result. Water can keep heat better than many other substances because of the hydrogen bonds that exist between its molecules. The hydrogen bonds between water constantly break and reform as the temperature rises, allowing the system's overall temperature to stay steady despite the addition of more energy. Surface tension is a result of the cohesive forces in water.All of these distinctive qualities of water are crucial to the chemistry of living things.
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What is the process that ensures mitral and tricuspid valve closure after the ventricles are filled with blood?
Diastole is the process that ensures mitral and tricuspid valve closure after the ventricles are filled with blood.
Cardiac cycle events can be divided into diastole and systole. Diastole represents ventricular filling, and systole represents ventricular contraction/ejection. Systole and diastole occur in both the right and left heart, though with very different pressures.
Diastole begins with the closing of the aortic valve (or pulmonic) and ends with the closing of the mitral valve (or tricuspid). This period encompasses the ventricular relaxation and filling.
Diastole represents when the blood vessels return blood to the heart in preparation for the next ventricular contraction.
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The movement of water into and out of plant cells described by ____________ which is the ability of water to ____________ .
The movement of water into and out of plant cells is described by water potential which is the ability of water to do work.
What is water potential?It is the capacity of water to move from one place to another. Work is done when a substance moves from one place to another. Simply put, water potential is the capacity of water to do work.
Water moves into and out of a cell depending on the water potential of the cell and that of the ambient solution. naturally, water will always move from the region of high to the region of low water potential in cells.
Thus, if the water potential of cells is higher, water will move out of cells to the surrounding. If the water potential of cells is lower, water will enter cells from the surrounding.
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Why is the immune system necessary in
an organism?
A. without it there would be nothing to fight off infection
B. it provides structure for the body
C. the cells transfer oxygen around the body
D. the organs in it help absorb nutrients for the body
Answer: A
Explanation:
Explain why the plant height at 50 mL is not consistent with the rest of the data. What evidence can you use from the regression analysis to make this point?
The plant height of not persistent with the rest of the data due to probably the wrong amount of gibberellic acid added to the plant at that step.
What is regression analysis?Regression analysis can be defined as the method that is used to compare an independent variable with a dependent variable.
When a graph is plotted between Independent variable (gibberellic acid) and the Dependent variable (plant height) it is scattered because 50ml data.
This is so due to probably the wrong amount of gibberellic acid added to the plant at that step.
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Many chlorophytes are unicellular, but others are bigger and more complex. The fact that increased size and complexity evolved in different ways indicates ________.
Many chlorophytes are unicellular, but others are bigger and more complex. The fact that increased size and complexity evolved in different ways indicates the chlorophyte group contained extensive genetic variability.
What are chlorophytes?Green algae are known as chlorophytes, and as their name suggests, the chlorophyll in the thylakoid gives them their green color. They also include other pigments including xanthophyll and beta-carotene. They can be unicellular or multicellular depending on the species.
Chlorophyta converts sunlight to starch that is stored in cells as a food reserve. Because of their ability to photosynthesize, chlorophytes are among the ecosystem's most significant producers. As a byproduct of photosynthesis, they are a significant supply of starch and oxygen. Many heterotrophs eat them as food. Numerous chlorophytes interact symbiotically with other types of species.
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If you cross two pea plants, one with green peas and the other with yellow peas, and all of the offspring have yellow peas. You conclude?
You conclude yellow parent which was homozygous for the dominant allele.
The yellow is dominant over green, as genome of every organism is consists of two nearly identical copies of alleles a gene.
It is so because we have two copies of each gene is that we inherit one from each parent, for a cross between a plant with yellow peas and one with green peas. The yellow seed color is the dominant phenotypic character and the green seed color is the recessive phenotypic character in this cross, plants with yellow seed offspring and green seed offspring are formed in the ratio of 3:1, which is a phenotypic ratio.
Therefore, in this case yellow-seed allele is dominant and the green-seed allele is recessive.
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Unit 1: nature of science
Answer:
Nature of science (NOS) is a critical component of scientific literacy that enhances students' understandings of science concepts and enables them to make informed decisions about scientifically-based personal and societal issues.
Which is the best definition of directional selection? a process by which two species can no longer reproduce a process by which one of the extreme variations of a trait is favored a process by which both extreme variations of a trait are favored a process by which average individuals in a population are favored
A process by which one of the extreme variations of a trait is favored.
What is directional selection?A population tends to evolve toward one end of a trait range due to a natural process called directional selection. Some characteristics, like eye color, are discrete and have distinct variations, but other characteristics are continuous and have a large range of almost infinite values (think height). Only one variety will be chosen for a specific attribute under directed selection (only blue eyes).
The highest or lowest value of a continuous feature will be chosen if a directional selection is applied (only tall people). When a population is subjected to directional selection over time, the qualities that are selected for will remain stable while the traits that are selected against will disappear.
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Answer:
b
Explanation:
b
How do cells become different types of tissues that work together in organ systems?.
Answer:
Individual cells form different types of tissue. For example, myocytes make up muscle tissue. Muscle tissue works with other types of tissue such as connective tissue or vascular tissue to form organs, like the stomach.
The cell becomes different types of tissue due to its specification and determination. Some genes are specifically expressed in some cells. The tissues of an organ have similar function and perform a single function in an organ.
What is cell specification?Cell specification is a process by which the cell already specifies its fate and expresses some specific characteristics. A zygote is a totipotent cell. This zygote is further divided and forms all types of cells.
As the cleavage proceeds, the zygote is divided into multiple cells. Each cell gets its fate and accumulates in tissue, organs, etc. The organ has all different types of tissues, such as the stomach, as an example. It has gastric cells for gastric juice secretion, chief cells, etc., but all these tissues perform functions for a single organ. This is due to chromosome modification and changes in chromatin gene structure.
Hence, cells become different types of tissue that coordinate different functions in an organ.
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Osteoarthritis, or oa, is known as a degenerative joint disease and is characterized by hypertrophy of bone and the formation of _____, also known as bone spurs.
Osteoarthritis is known as degenerative joint disease and is characterized by hypertrophy of bone and the formation of Osteophytes, also known as bone spurs.
Osteoarthritis, also known as osteoarthrosis or degenerative joint disease, is a disorder of the joints characterized by progressive degeneration of the articular cartilage or of the entire joint, including the ligaments, subchondral bone, synovium (joint lining), and articular cartilage (bone beneath the cartilage).
On the extremities of bones, smooth, hard knobs of additional bone called bone spurs (also known as osteophytes) grow. They frequently manifest themselves in the joints, which are where two bones meet.
Following a joint or tendon injury, bone spurs can also develop.
Your body attempts to repair broken bones by growing new bone where it is injured.
Hence, Osteoarthritis lead to the formation of Osteophytes, also known as bone spurs.
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A volcano erupts, harming all the organisms in the area. Eventually, small plants grow but are eventually replaced by larger plants. What is the name for this process?
A. Biodiversity
B. Population
C. Cyclical
D. Succession
Which of the following types of babies are most likely to be outwardly unaffected by a caregiver leaving or returning
Avoidant attachment types of babies are most likely to be outwardly unaffected by a caregiver leaving or returning.
Avoidant attachment
The way you typically behave or think when interacting with others is known as your avoidant attachment style. Your attachment type is influenced by the early interactions you have with your parents or other primary caregivers. Your attachment style may be secure, anxious, avoidant, disorganized, or another type depending on how attentive and connected these caregivers were to you. In trying to keep the peace and their caregiver near by, the youngster ignores their own challenges and wants. They still experience difficulties and negative emotions like anxiety or depression, but they do it on their own and downplay their significance. Through maturity, a person's attachment style frequently persists, which may have an effect on their friendships, romantic connections, and other connections. The avoidant attachment patterns present in today's population are about 30%.
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Which condition is a heightened response that occurs after exposure to a noxious stimulus?
Hyperalgesia is a heightened response that occurs after exposure to a noxious stimulus.
Hyperalgesia:An increased sensitivity to feeling pain and extreme response to pain. When the nerves or the chemical makeup of the nerve pathways involved in pain perception are damaged, hyperalgesia may result. Your body's particular nerve receptors are becoming more sensitive, which is the reason for this. As a result of a surgery or procedure, tissue or nerve injury may result in hyperalgesia. Additionally, it can happen to persons who are using opioids.
A noxious stimulus is one that is potent enough to endanger the integrity of the body (i.e. cause damage to tissue). Peripheral afferents, such as A-delta and C-nerve fibers and free nerve endings, are induced by noxious stimuli and are responsible for transmitting pain throughout an organism's nervous system.
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