The Geologic Time Scale is broken up into several periods of time, how is each period different?

The exchange of genetic information leads to genetic diversity.

It refers to the number of unique genes present in the genome of organisms.

The more the number of unique genes an organism has, the more the chances of surviving unfavorable changes to the environment.

Crossing over, the exchange of genes, increases the number of unique genes that a cell will have. Thus, it helps increase genetic diversity and chances of survival in the environment.

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The enteric division of the ANS is found in the gastrointestinal tract of the body.

Here ANS stands for the autonomic nervous system which can be described as a collection of motor neurons that regulates involuntary physiologic processes including heart rate, blood pressure, respiration, digestion, and sexual arousal.

It has three divisions: sympathetic, parasympathetic, and enteric.

Out of three, the enteric division has two plexuses: the myenteric (Auerbach) which is usually detected in the GI tract, and the submucosal (Meissner) which is usually observed in the submucosa.

The sympathetic division is located in intermediolateral columns, or lateral horns, of the spinal cord whereas the parasympathetic division is located in the head.

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There is a 50%  probability that the son is red-green colorblind and 50% chance that the sons do not have the gene and will be healthy. There is a 50% chance that a son will inherit the gene and show the trait or disorder.

Red-green colorblindness is an X-linked recessive trait in humans and in this a person cannot distinguish between red and green color but their eye sight is normal. However, males are affected more than females, because the gene is present on the X chromosome. So there is a 50% chance that the son is colorblind. Males are affected more  than females because the gene is located on the X chromosome.

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Answer:

Metaphase is the stage of cell division in a diploid organism if we see seven chromosomes, each consisting of a pair of sister chromatids.

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Meiosis II prophase is the stage of cell division in a diploid organism, each consisting of a pair of sister chromatids

There are four crucial processes that take place during prophase II of meiosis II. These include chromatin condensation into chromosomes, thinning of the nuclear envelope, centrosome movement to either pole and re-building of the spindle apparatus. Centrosomes do not exist in every cell, though.

Both of the daughter cells that were created during meiosis I go through meiosis II. The process of cell division starts right away because DNA replication does not occur during this second meiotic stage. Prophase II sets up the cell for meiosis II, which results in the production of four haploid cells, each of which has half the genetic material that was previously present in the original, duplicated diploid cell.

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They use DNA sequencing to identify species via genetic differences.

The four chemical "bases" that make up the DNA molecule must be identified in the correct order in order to sequence DNA. The sequence provides information to scientists about the type of genetic data that is contained in a certain DNA segment.

For instance, scientists can utilize sequence data to identify the DNA segments that contain genes and the segments that carry regulatory instructions that switch genes on and off. Furthermore, and this is crucial, sequencing data might point out variations in a gene that might be harmful.

Large DNA lengths, 1 million bases or more, from various individuals can now be compared swiftly and affordably by researchers. Such comparisons can reveal a wealth of information regarding how inheritance affects illness susceptibility and how the body reacts to environmental factors. The potential for diagnostics and treatments is also greatly increased by the faster and more affordable genome sequencing.

The biology of development and evolution can also be better understood by comparing the genomic sequences of other animals and species, like yeast and chimpanzees.

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The innate ability of cells to self-destruct is a part of a physiological process known as programmed cell death.

Programmed cell death (PCD) is the destruction of a cell caused by intracellular processes, such as apoptosis or autophagy. PCD is carried out through a biological mechanism, which often confers advantage during the lifecycle of an organism. For instance, the differentiating of fingers and toes in a growing human embryo is caused by the apoptosis of cells between the fingers, resulting in the separation of the digits. PCD fulfils key tasks during the development of plant and animal tissues. Necrosis is the death of a cell triggered by external forces, such as trauma or infection, and it manifests in various ways.

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Foliation is much better developed in most schists and gneiss than in most quartzites and marbles.

The major contrast between schist and gneiss is that schist is made of mudstone or shale, whereas gneiss is made of micas, chlorite, or other platy minerals. While Marble and quartzite the major difference is that marble is composed of calcite whereas quartzite is composed of quartz.

Schist is identified by its flat and large sheet-like grains it also has flat and elongated minerals such as talc or micas. Gneiss is a metamorphic rock formed by changing schist, granite, or volcanic rocks through intense heat and pressure. Gneiss is foliated, which means that it has layers of lighter and darker minerals.

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Answer:B

Explanation:Codominance, as it relates to genetics, refers to a type of inheritance in which two versions of the same gene are expressed separately to yield different traits in an individual.

Cocci bacteria are rarely motile.

Coccus or cocci bacteria are round or sphere-shaped bacteria. They lack flagella or any locomotive organ so they are non-motile.

Cocci contain multiple genera like Streptococcus, Staphylococcus, Enterococcus and Diplococcus. They are divided based on the pattern they grow. For instance, Diplococcus always appears as joined two cells implying a pair of cells.

They can also be both gram-positive bacteria (eg. Neisseria spp.) and gram-negative bacteria (eg. Streptococcus spp.).

They can show pathogenicity, symbiotic and commensalism. Some of the pathogenic cocci bacteria are Streptococcus, Staphylococcus and Pneumococcus which can cause throat infection, food poisoning and pneumonia respectively.

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If the planet was attacked by a disease that caused people to lose the use of their frontal lobes, one way people might be affected is they may lose their self awareness.

This is an organ which is located in the head region and comprises of rich network of neurons which are enclosed in the cranium. It serves as the control center of the central nervous system and has different types of lobes such as frontal etc with unique functions.

The frontal lobe is located in the anterior part of the brain and is responsible for different types of voluntary movements and cognitive functions such as interaction, self awareness etc.

This is therefore the reason why frontal lobe was chosen as the most appropriate choice.

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Paleontologists organize fossils of related species based on their physical similarities.

Paleontologists discover and examine the remains of extinct organisms to learn about evolution.Any remnant of ancient life preserved in a geologic setting is referred to as a fossil or paleontological resource.

Fossils provide a direct link to the lifestyles, environments, and climatic conditions of the past. They reveal how life, the environment, and the climate have evolved over time and how living things have reacted to those changes. These teachings are especially crucial now that the modern climate is changing more and more.

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No these do not emit ionizing radiation and would have a low likelihood of resulting in cellular injury.

Non-ionizing radiation includes radio waves, microwaves, and visible light. UV light is the only non-ionizing radiation that can cause cancer. In conclusion, microwaves are safe to use and do not harm human health in any way, including the development of cancer. In order to heat the water in meals, microwave ovens use electromagnetic waves at a frequency of 2.45 GHz.

Injuries caused by hot containers, overheated food, or exploding liquids account for the majority of microwave-related injuries. Most injuries are not caused by radiation. Microwave radiation has been linked to numerous negative effects on the central nervous system, including sleep difficulties, learning disabilities, and memory loss, according to a significant body of research.

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Mycobacteria have a large amount of a component in their cell wall that other bacteria lack and this component is lipids.

Mycobacteria are a special class of bacteria belonging to the family Mycobacteriaceae (Actinomycetota).

These bacteria (Mycobacteria) are characterized to be a cell wall composed of mycolyl-arabinogalactan-peptidoglycans.

In conclusion, Mycobacteria have a large amount of a component in their cell wall that other bacteria lack and this component is lipids.

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Large dose of folate increase the symptom of vitamin B12 deficiency . the vitamin B12 deficiency can lead to permanent damage of the spinal cord nerves and brain.

It can cause severe birth defects which is called neural tube defects. this defects include spinal, pifida . folate deficiency can also increase your chance of placental abrupt ion is a condition in which placental separate from uterus.

High dose of folate typically be remedied by taking supplement of both folic acid and vitamin B12. vitamin B12 works closely with vitamin B9 also called folic and folate acid which is help to make red blood cells and iron work better in our body.

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A.  A particle that is 1.0 mm in diameter traveling in a stream at 100mm/s is being transported.

The transportation of particles by stream is movement of  particle of certain size by the force of the stream.

Transportation of particles can occur by saltation and by traction .

A particle that is 1 mm in diameter can easily be transported by a stream moving at 100 mm/s.

Thus, a particle that is 1.0 mm in diameter traveling in a stream at 100mm/s is being transported.

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Answer:

b. settle

Explanation:

According to the research, humans infected with Brucella species develop brucellosis characterized by fever, muscle aches, and headache.

It is a bacterial and infectious disease caused by bacteria of the brucella genus whose reservoir of this bacterium are animals and, mainly, cows, sheep, goats and pigs.

The most frequent is the appearance of general symptoms, among which fever, chills, muscle aches, among others, predominate.

Therefore, we can conclude that according to the research, humans infected with Brucella species develop brucellosis characterized by fever, muscle aches, and headache.

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Answer:

Sexual reproduction produces genetically different offspring from two parents while asexual reproduction produces genetically identical offspring from one parent.

Sexual reproduction will see to the offspring taking half of their genetics from the father (male), while the other half comes from the mother (female). The offspring would further inherit based on whether the traits are dominant or recessive. However, in asexual reproduction, there is only one parent, so all the traits are passed down.

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A Final statement or concluding statement

Adrenergic neurotransmitter is likely to bound.

The neurotransmitter norepinephrine (NE) is released by adrenergic nerves and binds to specific receptors in the target tissue to produce physiological responses. The binding of neurotransmitters to receptors activates signal transduction pathways, resulting in the observed changes in cardiac function.

Adrenergic receptors (adrenoceptors) are receptors that bind adrenergic agonists consisting of the sympathetic neurotransmitter NE and the circulating hormone epinephrine (EPI). The maximum essential adrenoceptor withinside the coronary heart is the β1-adrenoceptor. When activated via way of means of a β1-agonist consisting of NE or EPI, coronary heart charge is elevated conduction pace is elevated contractility is elevated, and the charge of myocyte rest is elevated.

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I will leave your question unanswered. Thanks for the points I stole from you!

deja lo checo y te ayudo

Explanation:

después te ayudo

Answer:

MHC Markers

Explanation:

The function of MHC molecules is to display peptide fragments derived from pathogens on the cell surface for recognition by the appropriate T cells.

The fMRI is now the most commonly used method of learning about brain structure.

Functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) is a type of brain scan that uses a magnetic field to create images of brain activity in each brain area.

The fMRI detects the amount of blood flow in each brain region, and thus is an indicator of neural activity. Very clear and detailed pictures of brain structures can be produced via fMRI.

The advantage of the fMRI is that it is noninvasive, fMRIs are substantial and they are now available in many university and hospital settings. The fMRI is now the most commonly used method of learning about brain structure.

Our words are bound by an invisible grammar which is embedded in the brain.

  -Jonah Lehrer, in Proust Was a Neuroscientist.

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The cell types that are associated with the alveoli of the lungs are Type 1 pneumocytes, Type 2 pneumocytes and Alveolar macrophages.

Each alveolus has three types of cell i.e. Type 1 pneumocytes, Type 2 pneumocytes and macrophages. These cells perform function of respiration in the lungs.

So we can conclude that the cell types that are associated with the alveoli of the lungs are Type 1 pneumocytes, Type 2 pneumocytes and Alveolar macrophages.

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If more water is entering a human red blood cell than exiting it, then the cell is surrounded by a hypotonic solution.

A hypotonic solution can be defined as any solution or media where the content of solute  (eg., glucose molecules, saccharose, etc) is lower than the solute concentration in the cell.

Conversely, a hypertonic solution can be defined as any solution or media where the content of solute is higher than the solute concentration in the cell.

In conclusion, if more water is entering a human red blood cell than exiting it, then the cell is surrounded by a hypotonic solution.

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S. pyogenes causes Strep throat, Varicella zoster causes varicella, Papillomavirus causes HPV, E. faecium cause urinary tract infection B. burgdorferi causes Lyme disease and B. pertussis causes Pertussis.

Bordetella pertussis is a  bacteria from the genus Bordetella that causes a respiratory disease known as Pertussis.

Moreover, Bordetella burgdorferi is another bacteria from genus Bordetella that causes Lyme disease, an illness whose symptoms include fever and fatigue.

In conclusion, Streptococcus pyogenes causes Strep throat, Varicella zoster causes varicella, Papillomavirus causes HPV, Enterococcus faecium cause urinary tract infection Borrelia burgdorferi causes Lyme disease and Bordetella pertussis causes Pertussis.

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The said lateral cervical vertebral projection was obtained with the head and upper cervical vertebrae tilted toward the IR.

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An enzyme with a high affinity for its substrate will require more energy to generate an enzyme-transition state complex (the activation energy of the forward reaction) because the energy of the enzyme-substrate complex will be reduced.

Since the ES complex would be in a "energy trough," the activation energy for the transition state would be quite high.

In contrast to the situation where the substrate-enzyme binding is weaker, a tight binding of the substrate to the enzyme will alter the amounts of free substrate and free enzyme. This little modification won't have much of an impact on the reaction kinetics because the substrate concentration is often higher than the enzyme concentration.

It is unlikely that tight binding would result in the active site being altered. Since the enzyme is significantly bigger than the substrate, it is unlikely that it will change shape.

The reaction's forward rate constant will decrease with tight enzyme-substrate binding. It is conceivable that a substrate that is securely bonded would not easily change its shape as it passes from the transition state to the products.

High enzyme substrate affinities will result in a decrease in the energy of the enzyme-substrate complex and an increase in the energy needed to generate the enzyme-transition state complex (the activation energy of the forward reaction).

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In order to prevent accidental needle stick injury and potential exposure to infectious agents, some preventive measures should be taken like use of alternatives, proper disposal of used needles, proper management, avoid spills, take common precautions, participate in education programme etc.

Preventive measures are:

1) When safe and efficient alternatives are available, avoid using needles.

2) Recapping or bending needles that could be infected is not advised.

3) Bring sharps containers with standard labels that are impervious to leaks and punctures to clients' houses. Don't assume there will be any such containers. Sharps and used needles that could be contaminated should be promptly disposed of in the containers.

4) Before using, make a plan for the proper management and disposal of needles.

5) Containers for sharps should be kept out of children's, pets', and other people's reach.

6) Transport used sharps containers securely to avoid spills.

7) Consistently observe common precautions, infection prevention, and hygiene standards.

8) Participate in the bloodborne pathogens education programme offered by your workplace.

Hence, In order to prevent accidental needle stick injury and potential exposure to infectious agents, these preventive measures should be taken.

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True, photopsin and rhodopsin are the photoreceptor proteins found in the cones of the retina and are the basis of color vision.

The retina contains a chemical compound called rhodopsin. It is responsible for converting light into electrical impulses that the brain interprets as vision. Nerve fibers from the retina come together at the back of the eye and form the optic nerve, which carries electrical impulses to the brain.

The function of the Retina is to capture light through the cornea, pupil and lens, and, through the optic nerve, convert it into neural signals and send them to the brain, which transforms it into visual recognition.

With this information, we can conclude that A very thin layer of light-sensitive tissue, located at the back of the eye, the retina is formed by millions of photoreceptor cells, which capture, record, decode light waves and, through the optic nerve, send them to the brain, where the vision.

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The bone marrow begins producing cells in the fourth month of fetal life.

Hematopoiesis establishes in the marrow and grows there until, at term. This process starts in the late first trimester when the bones are large enough to contain marrow cavities. Hematopoiesis can move outside of the bone marrow  to various organs under conditions of prenatal and neonatal stress.

Between the bone spicules are the hematopoietic components. Both sinusoids and a robust circulatory network are present in the marrow. Pluripotent stem cells are the progenitor cells that give rise to all hematopoietic components and lymphoid cells.

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