The genetic makeup of an organism, including the genes it carries for a particular trait, is referred to as its genotype.
Genotype refers to the specific combination of alleles (alternative forms of a gene) that an organism possesses for a particular trait. It represents the genetic information encoded in an organism's DNA. The genotype determines the potential expression of traits and is responsible for the hereditary characteristics passed down from parents to offspring.
Thus, genotype refers to the genes an organism carries for a particular trait, defining its genetic composition.
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Which of the following is NOT one of the four macromolecules that make up cells?
Answer:
can you give the choices
Fish in a marine environment must maintain a relatively constant ion concentration in their tissues and blood. How do the chloride cells in the gills aid fish in the removal of excess ions?
The chloride cells actively remove ions from the body and water follows by osmosis.
The chloride cells create a countercurrent system where ions are lost from the body and water is absorbed to dilute other ions (NaCl). Marine fishes can excrete salt by clusters of special cells (chloride cells) in the gills.
In euryhaline bony fish, gills usually secrete extra chlorine to maintain a constant plasma chlorine concentration in environments of different salinity. Fishes are exposed to major osmotic challenges in freshwater and marine environments.
Osmosis is the diffusion of water across a membrane in response to osmotic pressure caused by an imbalance of molecules on either side of the membrane.
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To date, which of these has been used largely in creating clones? Metabolic profiling RNA sequencing Protein mapping Recombinant DNA technology
RNA sequencing technology has been used largely in creating clones.
What is RNA sequencing?RNA sequencing (RNA-Seq) makes use of high-throughput sequencing techniques to shed light on a cell's transcriptome.
Numerous RNA biology topics, such as single-cell gene expression, translation (the translatome), and RNA structure, can be studied using RNA-seq techniques (the structurome). Exciting new uses, such as spatial transcriptomics, are being investigated (spatialomics).
The steps in a typical RNA-sequencing experiment are as follows:Design experiment: Plan the experiment.Preparation of RNA. Purify and isolate the input RNA.Library preparation. Create cDNA from the RNA and add sequencing adapters.Sequence. cDNAs should be sequenced using a platform.Analysis.Learn more about RNA sequencing here:
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The fastest known "cruiser" is the a bonito b yellowfish tuna c grouper d flounder
This is the fourth fastest fish, having recorded swimming speed of 76km/h.
What is Tuna known for ?Tuna are remarkable and impressive wild animals. The Atlantic bluefin can reach ten feet in length and weigh as much as 2000 pounds (more than a horse)
Their specialized body shape, fins and scales enable some species of tuna to swim as fast as 43 miles per hour. Tuna swim incredible distances as they migrate.The latest report by the UN shows that tuna is the world's most consumed and the second most wild caught fish in the world.Learn more about Tuna fish here:
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Compare and contrast the cell structures / organelles found in plant and animal cells.
list 3 organelle/structures plant and animal cells have that are the same
list 2 organelles/structures plant and animal cells have that are different
Be sure to write using complete sentences.
Answer:
3 Common structure found in both plant and animal cell:
NucleusCell MembraneMitochondria .3 different structures of plant and Animal cell:
Centrosome (Animal cell)Lysosomes (Animal cell)Cell Wall (Plant Cell)Loss of dna sequences at the ends of chromosomes in the ________ region may cause cell senescence.
Loss of DNA sequences at the ends of chromosomes in the telomere region may cause cell senescence.
A chromosome's end contains a stretch of repeating DNA sequences known as a telomere. Chromosome ends are shielded from fraying or tangling by telomeres. The telomeres get a little bit shorter every time a cell divides. They eventually get so short that the cell can no longer successfully divide, and the cell then perishes.With age, telomere length decreases. The health and lifespan of an individual are impacted by the progressive shortening of telomeres, which causes senescence, apoptosis, or oncogenic transformation of somatic cells. Reduced survival and higher illness incidence have been linked to shorter telomeres.Telomeres shrink by 50–200 bp with each somatic cell division cycle as a result of inadequate synthesis of the lagging strand during DNA replication.learn more about telomeres here: https://brainly.com/question/13784303
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In addition to their distinctive subsistence strategies, horticulturalists are characterized by what features
In addition to their distinctive subsistence strategies, horticulturalists are characterized by a large population and land ownership.
What are subsistence strategies?A subsistence pattern often called a subsistence strategy, is the way a civilization meets its fundamental necessities for survival. This includes having access to food, water, and shelter. Foraging, horticulture, pastoralism, agriculture, and industrial food production are the five basic groups of subsistence patterns.
The earliest kind of subsistence is foraging, which was the mainstay of all human cultures up until about 10,000 years ago. Horticultural societies often use basic tools for small-scale gardening. Higher population densities are possible using these strategies, but they still rely on the availability of lots of undeveloped lands. The intensive upkeep and cultivation of land for food production is known as agriculture.
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Provide four major drawbacks to using fossil fuels, such as coal and natural gas, in alberta thermal power stations.
The four major drawbacks to using fossil fuels, such as coal and natural gas, in alberta thermal power stations is climate change, not renewable, unsustainable and biological accidents.
What is fossil fuel?
Fossil energy is all that comes from the burning of so-called fossil fuels. These fuels are formed by the remains of plant and animal organisms accumulated in the subsoil of our planet.
climate change; this is because when they are burned they release into the atmosphere the gases responsible for the greenhouse effect.they are not renewable; there are finite resources available and its reserves are not replenished naturally.unsustainable, which means that any burn of fossing fuels contribute to the pollution of the air by CO2.biological accidents over the time, such as pipeline leaks, exploding drilling platforms, and the dumping of millions of gallons of oil into the ocean.See more about energy at: brainly.com/question/1932868
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How volcanic rocks form?
When magmas reach the Earth's surface and cool and crystallize in subaerial or subaquatic conditions, the resulting rocks are called extrusive or volcanic. Igneous rocks are made up of minerals from the silicate group.
What are igneous rocks?Igneous or magmatic rocks are those that form when magma cools and solidifies.
If cooling occurs slowly below the surface, rocks with large crystals called plutonic or intrusive rocks are formed, while if cooling occurs rapidly above the surface
A technologist performed a STAT spinal fluid count by pipetting undiluted spinal fluid in a Neubauer Counting Chamber and counting both sides of the chamber (4 large WBC squares on each side). A total of 54 White Cells were counted. How many White Cells would there be per cubic millimeter
The number of white cells is mathematically given as
Avg = 67.5 mm^3
What are White Cells in per cubic millimeter?Generally, the equation for Avg is mathematically given as
Avg =WBC/µL
Where, the addition of the number of squares
x=(4+4)
x= 8
Therefore
Avg =54/ 8x 0.1 uL
Avg = 67.5
In conclusion, the number of white cells White Cells
Avg = 67.5 mm^3
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What evidence suggests that proteins are synthesized and modified in the rough er as opposed to the smooth er?
The presence of ribosomes on the rough ER suggests that the proteins are synthesized as well as modified there as opposed to the smooth ER.
Ribosomes are responsible for the synthesis of proteins from the amino acids. They translate each codon on the RNA template and match it with the appropriate amino acid to make a protein. This process is known as translation. Ribosomes can be found free in the cytosol or attached to the surface of the endoplasmic reticulum. When the ribosomes are bound to it, it is known as the rough ER and without it, it is called smooth ER. Smooth ER performs different functions like the synthesis of lipids and phospholipids. Since it does not have ribosomes, it cannot synthesize proteins.
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All members of Kingdom Protista are ____________ , since their cell(s) possess a nucleus and membrane-bound organelles. Protista species can be distinguished from Kingdom Fungi by the lack of ____________ in their cell walls, and from Kingdom Plantae by their ____________ reproductive structures.
All members of Kingdom Protista are eukaryotes, since their cell(s) possess a nucleus and membrane-bound organelles. Protista species can be distinguished from Kingdom Fungi by the lack of chitin in their cell walls, and from Kingdom Plantae by their sexual reproductive structures.
What are protists?Protists are simple eukaryotic organisms that are neither plants nor animals or fungi.Protists are unicellular in nature but can also be found as a colony of cells.Most protists live in water, damp terrestrial environments or even as parasites.The primary feature of all protists is that they are eukaryotic organisms. Protists exhibit locomotion through cilia and flagella. A few organisms belonging to the kingdom Protista have pseudopodia that help them to move.Protista reproduces by asexual means. The sexual method of reproduction is extremely rare and occurs only during times of stress.To learn more about protists,
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How does sweating during exercise help maintain homeostasis?
A.It regulates water concentration in the cells.
B.It regulates body temperature.
C.It regulates ion concentrations in the cells.
D.It regulates transport between cells.
The correct option is B. It regulates body temperature.
What is homeostasis?In biology, homeostasis is the condition of steady internal, physical, and chemical requirements maintained by living systems.
This is the requirement of optimal functioning for the organism and contains many variables, such as body temperature and fluid balance, being kept within certain pre-set limitations (homeostatic range). Other variables include the pH of extracellular fluid, the engagements of sodium, potassium, and calcium ions, as competently as the blood sugar level, and these need to be regulated despite changes in the atmosphere, diet, or level of activity. Each of these variables is controlled by one or better controllers or homeostatic mechanisms, which together maintain life.Homeostasis exist obtained about by a natural resistance to switch when already in the optimal conditions, and balance is maintained by many regulatory mechanisms. All homeostatic control mechanisms include at least three interdependent elements for the variable being regulated: a receptor, a control center, and an effector.To learn more about homeostasis, refer:
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What are viable explanations for the consistent observation of a few black mice on the island?
They undergone genetic mutation that influenced their fur color.
Mutations result either from accidents during the normal chemical transactions of DNA, often during replication, or from exposure to high-energy electromagnetic radiation (e.g., ultraviolet light or X-rays) or particle radiation or to highly reactive chemicals in the environment. Mutation can be of 4 types Germline mutations occur in gametes. Somatic mutations occur in other body cells. Chromosomal alterations are mutations that change chromosome structure. Point mutations change a single nucleotide. Frameshift mutations are additions or deletions of nucleotides that cause a shift in the reading frame. Factor that influenced mutation are the size of the gene, its base composition, its position in the genome, and whether or not it is being actively transcribed influence its mutation rate.
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The roots of many clover plants produce structures that are filled with bacteria. The clover plants provide food and shelter for bacteria, while the bacteria produce a nutrient that is used by plants. As a result, clover plants that have these structures on their roots grow at a faster rate and are healthier than clover plants that do not have structures.What type of relationship exists between the clover plants that have these structures on their roots and the bacteria in the structure?
The type of relationship that occurs between the clover plants and the bacterias is called mutualism.
What is Mutualism?Mutualism is an ecological relationship between individuals of different species, in which both are benefited by the interaction. As it occurs between individuals of different species, it is a so-called interspecific relationship, and, as it benefits all those involved, it is called a harmonic relationship.
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Which type of joint is present in the client's shoulders?
The spheroidal joint is the type of joint which is present in the shoulder of individuals and is used for various types of movements and activities.
What is a Joint?This refers to an area in the body where two bones meet with the presence of cartilages which helps to insulate and reduce friction between the two bones during movement.
The spheroidal joint on the other hand is a type of ball and socket joint which is responsible for flexion, extension etc. Joints ensures that other parts of the skeleton are attached thereby increasing the rigidity and integrity of the structures present in the body.
It is also usually found in the shoulder and hip region which is why spheroidal joint was chosen as the most appropriate choice in this context.
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__________ is the name of the specialized enzyme that unzips the bonds between bases.
Helicase is the name of the specialized enzyme that unzips the bonds between bases.
By severing the hydrogen bonds between base pairs and unwinding the DNA molecule's two strands, an enzyme known as Helicase aids in unzipping the molecule. It binds to and dissolves the hydrogen bonds connecting the bases on the DNA strands. These hydrogen bonds continue to be broken as the helicase travels along the DNA molecule, separating the two polynucleotide chains.
Primase, a different enzyme, momentarily binds to each strand when the helicase separates them in order to build a foundation upon which replication can start.
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How do plants maintain homeostasis? Select all that apply.
By exchanging gas through stigmas.
By exchanging gas through stomata.
By closing stomata to prevent water loss.
By altering the activity within a cell with chemical transmitters.
By growing towards sunlight.
Plants maintain homeostasis by exchanging gas through their stomata (option B). Details about homeostasis can be found below.
What is homeostasis?Homeostasis is the ability of a system or living organism to adjust its internal environment to maintain a constant state.
Plants maintain homeostasis in their cell by opening a pore called stomata for gaseous exchange to occur i.e. loss of oxygen, intake of carbon dioxide
Therefore, plants maintain homeostasis by exchanging gas through their stomata.
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One day after a biology class four of your friends argue about the difference between phylogeny and systematics. Which friend is right
Friend A states that systematics and phylogenies are really the same, one is more recent than the other, but basically they are the same.
What is Phylogeny ?Phylogeny is the study of the evolutionary development of groups of organisms. The relationships are hypothesized based on the idea that all life is derived from a common ancestor.
What is Systematics ?Systematics is the study of classification of organisms into kingdom, both past and present, and the relationship between living organisms. Solve any question of The Living World with:- Patterns of problems.
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Which can serve as substrates for atp production?
Answer:
A molecule containing readily 'detachable' phosphate group, an inorganic phosphate, and ADP.
Explanation:
For substrate-level phosphorylation, take glycolysis as an example. Phosphoenolpyruvate has a readily 'detachable phosphate', which with the help of Pyruvate Kinase, is able to be 'attached' to ADP. Both Phosphoenolpyruvate and ADP act as substrates.
For oxidative phosphorylation, take ATP synthase as an example. Due to the proton motive force, the 'motor' of the enzyme allows the knob to spin, changing affinities for ADP, Pi (inorganic phosphate), and ATP. Thus, to produce ATP, ADP and Pi are required as substrates.
In all, a molecule containing readily 'detachable' phosphate group, an inorganic phosphate, and ADP can serve as substrates for ATP production.
What enzyme adds complementary bases to exposed single strands of dna during dna replication?
The name of the enzyme is a polymerase. In the DNA replication process, polymerase plays an important role.
The enzyme polymerase is important for the process of DNA replication. Many other enzymes are involved in this process to complete this process.
The enzyme DNA ligase helps in joining the strands. This enzyme simply performs joining and sealing functions.
The enzyme DNA polymerase produces new strands from the parent strands i.e. from the old one.
The new strand is synthesized by joining old and new strands by enzyme DNA polymerase
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During the alarm stage of the body’s stress response, what emergency hormone is released to prepare the body to respond to a stressor?.
The emergency hormone released is adrenaline.
What are the roles of the hormone adrenaline?Some of the neurons in the central nervous system and the medulla of the adrenal glands both create adrenaline. In a stressful circumstance, adrenaline is immediately released into the blood, sending signals to the organs to trigger a certain response, within a few minutes.
Depending on the sort of cells it is working upon, adrenaline has a wide range of diverse effects. However, adrenaline's general impact is to get the body ready for the "fight or flight" reaction under stress, that is, for quick and/or forceful action.
Key effects of adrenaline include speeding up heartbeat, raising blood pressure, widening the pupil of the eye, lessening pain sensitivity, improving vision, hearing, and other senses, slowing digestion, rerouting blood to the muscles, and changing the body's metabolism to maximize oxygen and nutrients to the body and raise blood glucose levels.
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The dsm distinguishes between ______ general types of bipolar disorder. the dsm distinguishes between ______ general types of bipolar disorder.
The Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM) distinguishes between two (2) general types of bipolar disorder.
What is bipolar disorder?Bipolar disorder is a type of mental disorder in which the individual suffers different alterations in personality and behavior.
This type of disorder (bipolar disorder) can alter the mood of the individual and his/her energy to perform different tasks, thereby it must be treated accordingly in clinical settings.
Bipolar disorders are associated with both genetic and environmental factors.
In conclusion, the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM) distinguishes between two (2) general types of bipolar disorder.
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The DSM distinguishes between 2 general types of bipolar disorder.
What does DSM mean?The Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM) is known to be a handbook that is said to be often used by health care professionals and it is said to be a kind of an authoritative guide that is often used in the diagnosis of mental disorders.
Note that the DSM is made up of descriptions, symptoms and other forms that are used for diagnosing mental disorders.
Therefore, The DSM distinguishes between 2 general types of bipolar disorder which are known to be bipolar I and Bipolar II.
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See full question below
There are _______ major types of bipolar disorders listed in the DSM-5.
a. 1
b. 2
c. 4
d. 6
A/an ____________________ is a nodule or cyst, often on the upper eyelid, resulting from the obstruction of a sebaceous gland.
A/an _________Chalazion__________ is a nodule or cyst, often on the upper eyelid, resulting from the obstruction of a sebaceous gland.
Chalazion normally present as a nodule of an eyelid. It arises from obstruction of the sebaceous i.e oil glands of the eyelid tarsal plate. It affects the top eyelids greater normally than lower lids due to the fact there are greater meibomian sebaceous glands within the top lid.
A sebaceous gland is a microscopic exocrine gland within the skin that opens right into a hair follicle to secrete an oily or waxy depend, called sebum, which lubricates the hair and skin of mammals.
A chalazion or cyst is a small lump or swelling in the eyelid, containing fluid or semi-stable fabric. it is a fairly common circumstance and is because of a blockage in one of the small glands inside the eyelid, called the meibomian gland. frequently, the blocked gland will become infected or infected.
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____________________ is a condition in which there is widespread scaling of the skin, often with pruritus, erythroderma, and hair loss.
Erythroderma is a condition in which there is widespread scaling of the skin, often with pruritus, erythroderma, and hair loss.
Erythroderma, also sometimes called exfoliative dermatitis, is a severe and potentially life-threatening condition that presents with diffuse erythema and scaling involving all or most of the skin surface area .
Causes of erythroderma
A complication of atopic dermatitis, psoriasis, pityriasis rubra pilaris, or another skin condition.A reaction to medicines such as penicillin, barbiturates, or sulfonamide.Certain types of cancer such as lymphoma.To learn more about lymphoma, here
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The correct definition for BCC is: Group of answer choices a biopsy of cancerous cells. a cancerous tumor of basal skin cells. a procedure in which a rash is biopsied, cultured, and treated with chemotherapy. a mole with bad changes or formations.
The correct definition for BCC is (b) a cancerous tumor of basal skin cells.
What is Basal cell carcinoma?
Skin exposed to the sun, such as the face, is more likely to develop basal cell carcinoma than other types of skin cancer. Basal cell carcinoma frequently appears as a brown or glossy black lump with a rolling border on brown and Black skin. Skin cancer of the basal cell carcinoma variety exists.
Basal cell carcinomas account for about 80% of skin cancer cases (also called basal cell cancers). The basal cell layer, which is the bottom layer of the epidermis, is where many tumors begin. The face, head, and neck are particularly sun-exposed locations where these malignancies tend to grow. They often develop slowly.
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Atrial repolarization occurs during ventricular depolarization and, consequently, would be viewed on an electrocardiogram (if it was visible) during?
During the QRS complex.
What are the components of an ECG?A graph that documents the electrical activity of the myocardium throughout a cardiac cycle is known as an ECG (electrocardiogram). The P wave, the QRS complex, and the T wave are the three waves that make up an ECG. P waves indicate atrial systole and atrial depolarization. The QRS complex represents the depolarization of the ventricles followed by the activation of the Purkinje fibers. T waves signify the ventricles' repolarization. It indicates ventricular diastole and ventricular myocardial relaxation.
Refer to the image attached for a standard ECG graph.
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In the roman soldier model for refraction, the soldiers have to stay in line or else they will be
o a. yelled at
b. shot
c. flogged
d. beheaded
Answer: A is the answer
A daughter cell that matures to the inside of the vascular cambium becomes ______, and a daughter cell that matures to the outside of the vascular cambium becomes ______.
A daughter cell that matures to the inside of the vascular cambium becomes secondary xylem and a daughter cell that matures to the outside of the vascular cambium becomes secondary phloem.
The cambium divides its cells to create secondary xylem and phloem. As secondary phloem and xylem tissue builds up, the stem becomes thicker and develops wood and bark.The kind of xylem produced by secondary growth is known as secondary xylem. In contrast, during primary growth, the primary xylem develops. As a result, lateral growth, as opposed to vertical growth, is connected with the secondary xylem, as opposed to the primary xylem.The procambium, which is found between the xylem axis and the phloem pole, develops into the cambium in the root. A pattern resembling the arrangement of secondary stem is produced when xylem forms in the core and phloem on the perimeter of secondary development.learn more about vascular cambium here: https://brainly.com/question/859907
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A daughter cell that matures to the inside of the vascular cambium becomes secondary xylem and a daughter cell that matures to the outside of the vascular cambium becomes secondary phloem.
What vascular cambium is?The primary meristem in the stem is the vascular cambium, which produces undifferentiated wood cells on the inside and bark cells on the outside. When the vascular cambium is most active, its thickness ranges from around six cells during periods of dormancy to about 14 cells.
How is energy produced by the vascular cambium?Growing inward from the vascular cambium, the xylem is the vascular tissue responsible for carrying water and nutrients throughout the plant. The vascular cambium, which produces phloem, expands outward to carry big molecules like sugar. Additional xylem and phloem cells are produced by the vascular cambium cells during division.
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We used the enzyme, taq polymerase, which is derived from the thermus aquaticus bacterium, in our pcr procedure. Why is this enzyme important for efficiency in pcr?.
The use of a thermophilic DNA polymerase such as Taq polymerase prevents the denaturation of the enzyme during the heating that is important to separate the newly synthesized strand. So using this enzyme simplifies the PCR technique and increases its efficiency.
Taq DNA polymerase is highly efficient, when it reaches the optimum temperature, it becomes fully functional. It also has a half-life of over two hours (at 92°C), high amplification capacity, and it can add upto 150 nucleotides per second. It is "special" enzyme because it comes from the bacterium Thermus aquaticus, which lives in hot springs. It is therefore thermostable even at high temperatures, while other polymerases (e.g. E. coli) are not.
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