Answer:
1
Explanation:
5
Addition of a nucleotide onto a dna strand is an endergonic reaction. what provides the energy to drive the reaction?
The release of pyrophosphate from the incoming nucleotide, and then hydrolysis of the pyrophosphate to inorganic phosphate provides energy for the addition of nucleotide onto a DNA strand.
Nucleotides are linked together by a condensation event that yields a tiny, stable molecule. But the released molecule is pyrophosphate, not water. A good amount of free energy is released when water is added to pyrophosphate.
The high-energy link between the ejected beta and gamma phosphates stores the energy for each incoming nucleotide's addition. The subsequent hydrolysis that occurs drives the process. A substantially greater quantity of energy is released when two phosphates are separated into individual phosphates.
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A sprinter would experience muscle fatigue sooner than a marathon runner due to?
Muscle fatigue sooner due to anaerobic metabolism in the muscles of the sprinter.
Anaerobic metabolism creates energy by burning carbohydrates in the absence of oxygen. This happens when your lungs can't put sufficient oxygen into the bloodstream to keep up with the demands of your muscular tissues for energy. Anaerobic metabolism, which can be described as ATP production without oxygen (or in the absence of oxygen), occurs by direct phosphate transfer from phosphorylated intermediates, together with glycolytic intermediates or creatine phosphate (CRP), to ADP forming ATP.
Anaerobic metabolism at the cellular stage occurs when oxygen transport and tissue oxygenation are compromised. this can be a result of hypoxemia, anemia, inadequate systemic blood waft, or a mixture of these factors.
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The matter surrounding a comet’s core is vaporized and forms a very bright halo of _______, and an enormous cloud of ________ envelopes the head of the comet.
The matter surrounding a comet’s core is vaporized and forms a very bright halo of gases and an enormous cloud of hydrogen envelopes the head of the comet.
A comet is a tiny, icy body in space that may be identified by its stunning tail when viewed from Earth. Only when a comet is getting close to sun, the ice and particles that make up the comet's core heat up and start to dissolve.
Therefore,the material encircling the centre vaporises and creates a very bright halo of gases and a sizable cloud of hydrogen. Most comets follow a solar orbit. The atmosphere of gas created by the ice melting is what causes the coma.
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A scientist wishes to develop a new drug that prevents synaptic communication via neuropeptides but not small molecule neurotransmitters. Which mechanism would be a good target for his drug
Disruption of axonal transport would be a good target for his drug.
What is disruption of axonal transport?Axonal transport defects are among the early molecular events leading to neurodegeneration in mouse models of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS).Gene expression profiles indicate that dynactin-1 mRNA is downregulated in degenerating spinal motor neurons of autopsied patients with sporadic ALS. Disruption of axonal transport also underlies the pathogenesis of spinal muscular atrophy and hereditary spastic paraplegias.The neurotoxin β,β′-iminodipropionitrile (IDPN) selectively disrupts slow axonal transport without affecting fast anterograde or retrograde axonal transport.Impairment of slow axonal transport causes a proximal accumulation of neurofilaments. Because neurofilaments regulate axonal diameter, this accumulation leads to a marked swelling of the axon.Acrylamide causes decreased axonal transport, also causing proximal accumulations of neurofilaments and swelling.To learn more about axonal transport,
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Based on your ph testing results, can you categorize either of the microbes as acidophiles, neutrophiles, or alkaliphiles? explain your answer in relation to data table 2
Bacteria are classified according to the pH range in which they can grow. Neutrophile pH range: 5.5 - 8. Acidophile pH range: 0 - 5.5. Alkaliphiles pH range: 7.5 - 11.
Note: Since I did not find the table 2, I will explain what the classification of bacteria is, and propose examples for you to understand. Then, you will have to make your classification according to the table.
What is bacteria classification concerning pH?
Bacteria are cells that have different environmental requirements. Concerning pH, most bacteria have an acidic range in which they can grow keeping constant their internal pH level.
According to their pH requirement, bacteria can be classified as,
NeutrophilesThese cells can grow in environments in which pH is around the neutral pH level ⇒ 5.5 - 8
AcidophilesThese are bacteria that grow in acid environments with pH inferior to the neutral pH level ⇒ 0 - 5.5
AlkaliphilesThese bacteria grow in basic environments with pH superior to the neutral pH level ⇒ 7.5 - 11
Examples,
Bacteria pH range Classification
Escherichia coli 6-8 neutrophiles
Salmonella spp 5-8 neutrophiles
Lactobacillus acidophilus 4-6.5 acidophiles
Vibrio cholerae 8-11 alkaliphiles
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Increases partial thromboplastin time, but not prothrombin time?
a. enoxaparin
b. dabigatran
c. rivaroxaban
d. warfarin
Warfarin increases partial thromboplastin time, but not prothrombin time.
The answer is option D.
Warfarin, offered below the logo called Coumadin amongst others, is a medicinal drug that is used as an anticoagulant (blood thinner). it's miles normally used to prevent blood clots which include deep vein thrombosis and pulmonary embolism, and to save you stroke in humans who've atrial fibrillation, valvular heart ailment, or synthetic heart valves.
Much less generally it is used following ST-section elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) and orthopedic surgical treatment. It's far typically taken by way of mouth, however, may also be used by injection into a vein.
The not unusual facet effect is bleeding. Much less commonplace side outcomes may also encompass areas of tissue harm and pink ft syndrome. Use is not advocated throughout being pregnant. It is encouraged that the effects of warfarin commonly be monitored by checking prothrombin time each one to four weeks.
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What is the subunit composition of bacterial rna polymerase holoenzyme? what are the functional roles of the different subunits?
RNA polymerase holoenzyme sub-units includes α (two copies), β, β' and ω sub-units. which is sigma factor plus the core enzyme ,composed of five sub-units-a2BB'w.
The sub-unit of bacterial RNA polymerase has implicated in all steps of transcription initiation, which includes promoter recognition and opening, priming of RNA synthesis. RNA polymerase is essential units of life which is found in all living organisms as well as many viruses.
The role of sigma factor is to recognize the promoter sequence. Holoenzyme is consist of RNA synthesis from sigma 70 specific bacterial and phage promoters.RNA polymerase ,principle factor for initiation of transcription in bacteria , the sigma sub-unit of RNA polymerase to form holoenzyme capable of promoter recognition.
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The cells of plants and animals are similar, except for a few different structures. Which structures are only found in plant cells?
endoplasmic reticulum
ribosomes
cell membrane
lysosomes
peroxisomes
vesicles
large central vacuole
Golgi complex
cytoskeleton
mitochondria
cell wall
Answer:
large central vacuole
cell wall
Explanation:
Let me clear some things up for you. There are two types of cells - Prokaryotes and Eukaryotes. The principle difference between these types of cells are the structure of their genome. In case of prokaryotes, the genomic matter do not have a defined structure, it just kind of floats around in the protoplasm. But in the eukaryotes, the genome is more structured, have all kinds of proteins associated with them, and is surrounded by a two layered sack called the nuclear membrane. Both plant and animal cells have these feature of structured nucleus, therefore, they are both eukaryotes.
Now for the difference between plant and animal cells. the features you mentioned are unique about plant cells, but do not rule them out from being eukaryotes, as the 'true' structure of the nucleus is still there. Cell walls are necessary for the plant cells because plants do not posses an endoskeleton like most of the animals do. The cell wall makes the whole plant rigid so they don't fall apart or appear like a blob. Chloroplast is where photosynthesis happens, so it should most definitely be in a plant cell. Animals don't do photosynthesis so they don't have chloroplasts. Vacuoles are also present in animal cells, but they are much smaller, greater in number, and are known as lysosomes. Functionally they are virtually the same.
ANSWER:
Both plants and animals are multicellular, eukaryotic organisms and most of the organelles in cells of animals and plants are similar, such as cell membrane, nucleus, mitochondria, endoplasmic reticulum, and ribosomes.
However, there are some organelles that are only found in plant or animal cells. Organelles that are found only in plant cells include chloroplasts, cell wall, and large central vacuoles. The cell wall provides rigidity and protection to the plant cells, chloroplast help in photosynthesis, and large vacuoles act as storage organelles.
Thus, the correct options are 'chloroplasts, cell wall, and large central vacuole.'
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Proteins in a membrane are integral if they are embedded in the membrane and protrude from either surfaces of the bilayer.
The given statement that the proteins in a membrane are integral if they are embedded in the membrane and protrude from either surfaces of the bilayer holds true.
What are Integral Proteins?Integral proteins are the surface membrane proteins present in the plasma membrane of the cells.
They are attached to the plasma membrane and function by allowing only certain molecules to enter the cell.
The integral proteins are crucial in maintaining entry and exit of molecules.
Some integral proteins also act as an receptors to certain hormones.
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Natural formation processes include such activities as plowing, building structures, or making tools.
False - plowing, building structure or making tools are not natural formation process.
Natural formation processes are not the man made process.
The natural and human-made processes known as formation processes are what give the archaeological record its shape. whereas environmental elements that affect the conservation of archaeological artifacts are natural formation processes.
Natural formation processes includes floralturbation, faunalturbation, cryoturbation, argilliturbation, and graviturbation.
Floralturbation is the disruption of vegetation caused by tree roots.
Plowing, building structure and making tools are the human made process.
Hence, It is false statement.
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Why is Baraminology not a perfect system
Systematics is based on data while baraminology is based on worldview. According to evolutionary theory, a derived trait can lead to a completely new type of animal. There is no place for genetics in baraminology. Baraminology uses both genetics and physical features to classify organisms.
Colin organized information about lipids in a table. x y prevent dehydration of plants are found in cell membranes of plant and animal cells are tightly packed fatty acid chains joined to long-chain alcohols consist of four carbon rings with no fatty acids are a protective layer on hair or feathers serve a role in aiding fat digestion what headings complete the table? x: waxes; y: sterols x: waxes; y: phospholipids x: phospholipids; y: polysaccharides x: disaccharides; y: sterols
The headings complete the table are X = waxes and Y = sterols; option A.
What are lipids?
Lipids are fatty, oily, or waxy water-insoluble substances found in living organisms.
Lipids are of many classes and types and they perform several functions in the body.
Some classification of lipids are given below:
Waxes:
prevent dehydration of plantsare a protective layer on hair or feathersare tightly packed fatty acid chains joined to long-chain alcoholsSterols:
are found in cell membranes of plant and animal cells consist of four carbon rings with no fatty acidsserve a role in aiding fat digestionIn conclusion, lipids are important biomolecules found in the body.
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In the global open oceans, microbial blooms in surface water around the poles is dominated by ___________, and by ____________ in tropical regions.
In the global open oceans, microbial blooms in surface water around the poles is dominated by the Dinoflagellate Polarella glacialis, and by Trichodesmium in tropical regions.
What are Microbial blooms?The microbial blooms are also known as bacterial blooms. These are caused by an sudden increase in the growth of the bacteria across the water columns.
This sudden increase of the bacteria in the water columns leads to cloudy and milky appearance of the water body which is easily visible.
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What purpose does defining the area of investigation in excavation of skeletal remains serve?
The Forensic Biologist's primary job and responsibility is to provide information leading to the identity of the person, the cause of death, and the time since death.
purpose of defining the area of investigation in excavation of skeletal remains serve for :
Age Determination: It is possible to estimate a person's age based on their bones. If the entire skull is available, the scientist's task becomes easier because tooth eruption and fusion of skull sutures are important characteristics on which an opinion on the age can be given with a high degree of certainty.Determination of Cause and Manner of Death: In order to provide an opinion on the cause and manner of death, the forensic biologist closely examines each bone, its pieces, and fragments to look for signs of injuries that could have resulted in death. In many homicide cases, an examination of the skull reveals a variety of fracture patterns, including bullet holes, which helps to determine the cause of death.What is the importance of exhumation in criminal investigation?Exhumation is essential in criminal investigations. It aids in the identification of the perpetrators in many mysterious murder cases. To seal the skeletal remains in order to send them first for post-mortem examination and then to the Forensic Science Laboratory for additional examinations.
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The primary function of the nephron loop is to generate a medullary ecf osmotic gradient that allows for what?.
The primary function of the nephron loop is to generate a medullary ecf osmotic gradient that allows reabsorption of water and sodium chloride from the filtrate.
What is a nephron loop?
Nephron loop is also known as Henle loop. The descending limb and ascending limb of the nephron loop are U-shaped tubes with different permeabilities. Normally, the collecting duct and distal convoluted tubule are impervious to water, but hormone stimulation during homeostasis changes this.nephron is present in U-shape and extends through the medulla of the kidneyFunctions of nephron loop:
Its major function is to reabsorb sodium chloride and water from the filtrate. By conserving water, the organism can produce urine that is extremely concentrated.To learn more about nephron loop visit:
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The primary function of the nephron loop is to generate a medullary ecf osmotic gradient that allows reabsorption of water and sodium chloride from the filtrate.
What is a nephron loop?
Nephron loop is also known as Henle loop.
The descending limb and ascending limb of the nephron loop are U-shaped tubes with different permeabilities.
Normally, the collecting duct and distal convoluted tubule are impervious to water, but hormone stimulation during homeostasis changes this.
nephron is present in U-shape and extends through the medulla of the kidney
Functions of nephron loop:
Its major function is to reabsorb sodium chloride and water from the filtrate.
By conserving water, the organism can produce urine that is extremely concentrated.
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Which of the following is correct about
the layers of the rainforest and its
contents?
A. The canopy is the lowest layer of the rainforest and is
mostly plants that are low to the ground.
B. The ground layer of plants receives abundant sunlight.
C. There are very few vines in the rainforest.
D. The canopy consists of very tall trees that block
sunlight from lower layers.
The true statement regarding the layers of the rainforest and its contents is: the canopy consists of very tall trees that block sunlight from lower layers (option D).
What is a forest?A forest is a dense and uncultivated tract of trees and undergrowth, larger than woods.
A forest can be described as an area of land that is predominantly made up of trees and few grasses.
The forest region is categorized as follows:
Canopy or upper stratumMiddle layerForest floorHowever, the canopy consists of very tall trees that block sunlight from lower layers.
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which molecules are the smallest one here: starch, protease, protein, simple sugars
Answer:
simple sugars
Explanation:
simple sugars are relatively small molecules (eg. glucose) and as such can pass through membranes via simple diffusion.
Order the coenzymes according to their involvement in the pyruvate dehydrogenase complex.
a. nad.
b. coa-sh.
c. tpp.
d. lipoate (lipoamide).
e. [fad].
The coenzymes according to their involvement in the pyruvate dehydrogenase complex.
d. lipoate (lipoamide).
b. coa-sh.
e. [fad].
a. nad.
c. tpp.
The oxidative decarboxylation of pyruvate, which results in the synthesis of acetyl-CoA, CO2, and NADH (H+) (1,-3), is catalyzed by the pyruvate dehydrogenase complex (PDC)3. By connecting the glycolytic pathway to the oxidative pathway of the tricarboxylic acid cycle, the PDC plays a crucial role in the oxidation of glucose. Mammals' PDC functions as a gatekeeper in the pyruvate metabolism to preserve glucose homeostasis in both the fed and fasted phases. Under various metabolic situations, tissues have carefully controlled PDC flux.learn more about coenzymes here: https://brainly.com/question/13452695
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Pharmacological induction of heme oxygenase-1 by a triterpenoid protects neurons against ischemic injury
The given statement that pharmacological induction of heme oxygenase-1 by a triterpenoid protects neurons against ischemic injury holds True.
What is Heme- Oxygenase-1?Heme- Oxygenase-1 is an enzyme that usually gets triggered when there is oxidative stress to the body.
This enzyme helps protect the body from repeated unwanted injuries.
Oxidative stress means the formation of the free radicals in the body that produce harmful effects to the human body.
Thus neutralizing these radicals is very important.
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The light reactions produce ________ and ________. carbohydrates, ATP oxygen, ATP water, carbohydrates ATP, carbon dioxide
Answer:
ATP and Oxygen.
Explanation:
In light reactions:
Oxygen is yielded through the photolysis of water.
ATP is yielded through chemiosmosis (using ATP synthase, similar to the process in mitochondria).
Note: NADP is also formed in light reactions, but it doesn't seem to be mentioned in this question.
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g Wilderness ecosystems are dynamic, complex, and often fragile, and may be impacted by human use and activities occurring both within and outside wilderness boundaries. Group of answer choices True False
The given statement "wilderness ecosystems are dynamic, complex, and often fragile, and may be impacted by human use and activities occurring both within and outside wilderness boundaries," is true.
Wilderness ecosystems
The wilderness ecosystem is the ecosystem that has been left undisturbed by humans. There are many areas on the planet that are considered wilderness such as the Great Barrier Reef, the Amazon forest, etc. They are rich in both flora and fauna diversity.
In the United States, a total of 42× [tex]10^{4}[/tex] ha is under the protection of the National Wilderness Prevention System. They are the lands devoted to the protection of the natural ecosystem. Such an arrangement had to be made due to human encroachment and various other factors that affect the wilderness ecosystem. The main threats to the wilderness ecosystem are
Using the land for recreational usesGrazing by livestockForest firePollutionGlobal warmingInvasion of alien speciesThe unnatural flow of water due to diversions, dams, impoundments, etc.Learn more about ecosystems here:
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The least movable joints are _____________ joints.
Answer:
fibrous joints is the answer ..
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Which reason is least likely to contribute to the transmission of adenovirus?
The presence of a vector is least likely to contribute to the transmission of adenovirus.
Adenoviruses belong to the family of Adenoviridae. These viruses are of medium size, ranging in 90-100 nm, they do not have an outer layer of lipid. Thus, these viruses are non- enveloped with an icosahedral nucleocapsid and have a double stranded DNA genome.
Adenoviruses can cause many types of illness in humans, which can range from mild respiratory infections in small children to multi-organ diseases in people who have a weak immune system.
The adenoviruses can spread when there is contact with droplets from the nose and throat of a person who is infected. It can also be spread by touching any surface that has the virus and then touching one's own eyes, mouth, or nose.
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What unique social interactions are used by spinner dolphins and pilot whales?
They use mutualism, echo-location to communicate.
It is a unique social interactions that are used by spinner dolphins and pilot whales. They spin as a social interaction, they start to hunt.
It is the mutualism, because create a bait ball of the fish they want to eat.
The spinner Dolphins ( Stenella longirostris ) commonly use inshore island and atoll habitats for daytime rest and social interactions and forage over deep waters at night. In Hawaii, they occur throughout the archipelago.
The pilot whales are in fact one of the largest members of the dolphin family, but they are treated as whales for the Marine Mammals Protection Regulations 1992. Although they are named pilot whales because it was thought that each pod followed a 'pilot' in the group.
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When people are asked to rate one of their own personality traits, they tend to?
When people are asked to rate one of their own personality traits, they generally tend to rate at a higher scale for the trait when compared to others.
What is self overestimation?Self overestimation refers to the judgment calculation which tends to be excessively favorable for the person who is comparing with others.
Self overestimation is a common problem when people need to have a conception of a particular trait of the feature, , but this phenomenon is associated with biases that distort the real value of the trait.
In conclusion, when people are asked to rate one of their own personality traits, they generally tend to rate at a higher scale for the trait when compared to others.
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what is a benefit of genetic engineering
A: Does not require any technology.
B: Supported by long term research.
C: No controversy surrounding its use.
D: Can produce non naturally occurring traits.
Answer:
D
Explanation:
the other answers are incorrect
A _____ is a series of steps used to determine solutions based on needs and wants.
A Scientific method is a series of steps used to determine solutions based on needs and wants.
What is needs assessment?A needs assessment is a process that bridges the gap between an organization's current state and the desired conditions. It is a systematic procedure for identifying and addressing performance gaps as well as repairing any defects that may occur in an organization.
What are the six steps of the scientific method?Describe the issue :Observation with intentresearch : learn more about the subjecteducated guess : hypothesis forecast the outcome of the problemexperiment :Create a procedure for testing the hypothesis.analyze :Keep track of the experiment's outcomes.conclusion : compare the hypothesis to the results of the experimentWhat are the Characteristic Features of Scientific Methods?Students learn to identify and formulate scientific problems correctly and in an organized manner using scientific methods.Students are trained in information processing techniques using scientific methods.Scientific methods help students develop the ability to think critically and rationally, allowing them to make decisions on logical and rational grounds.Learn more about steps of Scientific methods:
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According to the gate control theory of pain, the structure that is the likely location of the gate is: Group of answer choices the substantia gelatinosa. the ventral horns of the spinal cord. the transverse section of the medulla. supraspinal nerve endings.
According to the gate control theory of pain, the structure that is the likely location of the gate is the substantia gelatinous.
What is substantia gelatinous?A group of cells called the substance gelatinosa can be found in the spinal cord's gray matter (dorsal horns). It receives direct input from the dorsal (sensory) nerve roots, particularly those fibers from pain and thermoreceptors, and is present at all levels of the cord.The spinal cord has a system that permits pain signals to be amplified in the brain before being processed at the spinal cord itself, or attenuated there, in accordance with the Gate Control Theory of Pain.The "gate" is the device that either permits or forbids the transmission of pain signals.To feel intense pain if the gates are more open since many more pain signals will flow through to the brain. The likelihood that you will feel less discomfort increases as the gates are more tightly shut.
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What we know about fossil sharks and rays comes from the ____________________ they left behind, their only hard parts.
What we know about shark and ray fossils comes from bones in rocks from the Cretaceous period in Mexico that left behind, their only hard parts.
Shark fossilsThe idea of a stingray-like shark may seem like something out of a B-movie. But paleontologists have just reported the discovery of such a creature in Cretaceous rocks in Mexico. This strange shark combines a streamlined body with large, wing-shaped fins, an ancient animal unlike any seen in the fossil record.
Whose are the fossils?
Fossils are the remains or traces of living beings that inhabited the Earth in previous geological periods. Fossil remains are parts of animals or plants, such as a bone or some limb or organic remains that have been preserved in some way.
With this information, we can conclude that Fossils are remains or traces of animals and plants preserved in rocks.
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The vagina is A. similar to the inner lining of the uterus. B. another term for the cervix. C. a muscular tube extending between the uterus and the external genitalia. D. a muscular tube extending between the uterus and the anus.
The vagina is a muscular tube extending between the uterus and the external genitalia (option C).
What is the vagina?The vagina is one of the female reproductive organs.
It is the passage leading from the opening of the vulva to the cervix of the uterus for copulation and childbirth in female mammals.
The vagina is a muscular tube that runs from the uterus or womb to the opening of the external genitals in female mammals.
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