Derivatization means adding fluorescent labels or combining the analyte with chiral reagents or other chemicals to increase detectability.
Some analytes must be derivatized to increase their column retention or detectability.
Retention time can be referred to as the amount of time a solute spends in the stationary and mobile phases of a column.
Detectability is the ability of an analyte to get detected in the mobile phase of chromatography.
The refractometer, fluorescence detector, and UV detector are the three most popular liquid chromatography detectors. These detectors increase the detectability.
For derivatization, the fluorescence detector are used.
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The table shows the amount of radioactive element remaining in a sample over a period of time. radioactive decay rate amount of radioactive sample (grams) time (years) 56.0 0 47.1 400 39.6 800 33.3 1,200 28 1,600 part 1: what is the half-life of the element? explain how you determined this. part 2: how long would it take 312 g of the sample to decay to 9.75 grams? show your work or explain your answer.
1. The half life of the element, given the data from the question is 1600 years
2. The time taken for 312 g of the sample to decay to 9.75 grams is 8000 years
1. How to determine the half life of the elementHalf-life is the time taken for half a material to decay.
To determine the half life of the given element, do the following:
Original amount = 56 gHalf the original amount = 56 / 2 = 28 gTime for 28 g = 1600 yearHalf life of element = 1600 yearsHow to determine the timeWe'll begin by determining the number of half-lives that has elapsed. This can be obtained as follow:
Original amount (N₀) = 312 gAmount remaining (N) = 9.75 gNumber of half-lives (n) =?2ⁿ = N₀ / N
2ⁿ = 312 / 9.75
2ⁿ = 32
2ⁿ = 2⁵
n = 5
Finally, we shall determine the time. This can be obtained as follow:
Half-life (t½) = 1600 yearsNumber of half-lives (n) = 5Time (t) =?t = n × t½
t = 5 × 1600
t = 8000 years
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Find the empirical formula for a compound consisting of 63% MN and 37% O.
Answer:
Mn₁O₂
Explanation:
To find the empirical formula, you need to (1) determine how many grams of each element are within the compound, then (2) convert grams to moles (via the atomic masses of each element), and then (3) determine the mole-to-mole ratio of each element.
(Step 1)
Because the percents add to equal 100%, we can say that each percent is the mass of each element.
63% Mn ----> 63 grams Mn
37% O ----> 37 grams O
(Step 2)
We need to convert each mass to moles using the atomic masses. The atomic masses are a ratio comparing the mass of each element per every 1 mole.
Atomic Mass (Mn): 54.983 g/mol
Atomic Mass (O): 15.998 g/mol
63 grams Mn 1 mole
---------------------- x ------------------------- = 1.15 moles Mn
54.983 grams
37 grams O 1 mole
-------------------- x ------------------------ = 2.31 moles O
15.998 grams
(Step 3)
You can find the mole-to-mole ratio of each element in the compound by dividing the calculated mole values by the smallest mole value. In this case, since 1.15 moles was the smallest value calculated, it should be the divisor. The resulting amounts are the subscripts within the empirical formula.
1.15 moles Mn / 1.15 moles = 1 moles Mn
2.31 moles O / 1.15 moles = 2 moles O
Ratio of MnO = 1:2
This make the empirical formula: Mn₁O₂
A chemist want to prepare a solution containing (soluble) silver ions. Which salt should they use? silver nitrate AgCI AgOH silver carbonate 2 pts
Answer: silver nitrate
Explanation:
it is the only soluble salt listed.
JUST TO BE CLEAR, I DON'T NEED THE ANSWER TO THIS QUESTION, BUT I REALIZED THAT NO ONE HAS ASKED THIS QUESTION SO I'M ASKING AND ANSWERING MY OWN QUESTION! This is in regards to a lab that deals w/ "Absorption and Radiation by Land and water" where you identify variables in the effect of type of material on Absorption experiment!
Question: Answer the questions using the drop-down menus.
Which is the independent variable in this experiment?
Answer: type of material
Which is the dependent variable in this experiment?
Answer: temperature of material
Which is a controlled variable in this experiment?
Answer: amount of heat materials received
And IK these are the right answers because I just took the test on Edge, and these answers are right.
Based on the type of experiment that is being conducted:
The independent variable is: type of materialsThe dependent variable is: temperature of materialThe controlled variable is the amount of heat materialWhat is an independent variable?This is the term that is used to refer to the variable that is used to arrive at conclusions about the dependent variable.
The experiment is trying to tell us that the temperature of a material is the function of the heat applied to it and the type of material.
The dependent variableThis is the term that is used to refer to the variable of interest. It is what is being tested in the experiment.
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To make a solution of lemonade, lemon juice and sugar are dissolved in water. the water is the ______ in this example.
To make a solution of lemonade, lemon juice and sugar are dissolved in water. the water is the Solvent in this example.
Solvent Examples. Common examples of solvents consist of water, ethanol, methanol, and acetone. The term 'solvent' may be defined as a substance that has the ability to dissolve a given solute to form a solution with it.
Solvents are substances that are used to dissolve the solutes used in the formulation. These solutes can be solids, liquids, or gaseous in nature. Thus solvents are used to get a solution upon interacting the solute with a suitable solvent.
Solvents are usually, however not usually, liquids. They can also be gases or solids. The material dissolved in the solvent is referred to as the solute. collectively, the solvent and solute comprise the solution.
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What two basic geologic processes contributed to the formation of folded mountain ranges like in Glacier National Park?
The two basic geologic processes which contributed to the formation of folded mountain ranges like in Glacier National Park include:
Folding and breaking of sedimentary rocks.Erosion.What is Erosion?This is a geologic process which involve materials in the earth being washed away and transported to other parts by water, wind etc.
In the case of Glacier National Park, ice erodes the mountain thereby resulting in the folding of the sedimentary rocks.
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What is the oxidation number for S in the compound SO3? (Recall that O has an oxidation number of –2.)
0
+2
+4
+6
The oxidation number for S in the compound SO3 is +6 (option D). Details about oxidation number can be found below.
What is oxidation number?Oxidation number of an element is the hypothetical charge of an atom within a molecule.
The oxidation number of elements in a compound adds up to the overall charge of that compound.
According to this question, O has an oxidation number of -2 in SO3, the oxidation number of S can be calculated as follows:
x - 2(3) = 0
x - 6 = 0
x = 6
Therefore, the oxidation number for S in the compound SO3 is +6.
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The answer is D: 6+
Worked for me on EDGE 2023
Write the balanced chemical equation for the reaction of aqueous sodium sulfate
and solid calcium chloride to produce aqueous calcium sulfate and solid sodium
chloride
The equation of the reaction is [tex]Na_2SO_4 (aq) + CaCl_2 (s) --- > CaSO_4 (aq) +2 NaCl (s)[/tex]
What are chemical reactions?They are reactions involving chemical reactants leading to the formation of chemical products.
The chemical formula for sodium sulfate is [tex]Na_2SO_4[/tex]
The chemical formula for calcium chloride is [tex]CaCl_2[/tex]
The two react to produce calcium sulfate ([tex]CaSO_4[/tex]) and sodium chloride (NaCl) according to the following equation:
[tex]Na_2SO_4 (aq) + CaCl_2 (s) --- > CaSO_4 (aq) +2 NaCl (s)[/tex]
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chemical engineer has determined by measurements that there are moles of nickel in a sample of nickel tetracarbonyl. How many moles of oxygen are in the sample
A chemical engineer has determined by measurements that there are 7.0 moles of carbon in a sample of nickel tetracarbonyl. 7 moles of oxygen are in the sample.
What is Stoichiometry ?Stoichiometry helps us use the balanced chemical equation to measure quantitative relationships and it is to calculate the amounts of products and reactants that are given in a reaction.
What is Balanced Chemical Equation ?The balanced chemical equation is the equation in which the number of atoms on the reactant side is equal to the number of atoms on the product side in an equation.
According to Stoichiometry
[tex]7\ \text{mol C} \times \frac{1\ \text{mol O}}{1\ \text{mol C}}[/tex]
= 7 mol O
Thus from the above conclusion we can say that A chemical engineer has determined by measurements that there are 7.0 moles of carbon in a sample of nickel tetracarbonyl. 7 moles of oxygen are in the sample.
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Disclaimer: The question was given incomplete on the portal. Here is the complete question.
Question: This is the chemical formula for Nickel Tetracarbonyl (a powerfully poisonous liquid used in Nickel Refining).
Ni(CO)₄
A chemical engineer has determined by measurements that there are 7.0 moles of carbon in a sample of nickel tetracarbonyl. How many moles of oxygen are in the sample ?
Crude petroleum is a mixture of many different components. How might one separate out the components to begin the process of refining petroleum
Fractional distillation is used for the refining of crude petroleum.
How are the components of crude petroleum separated out?Fractional distillation is the procedure used to separate crude oil's numerous constituents.
A mixture is divided into several components, known as fractions, using fractional distillation.A combination of hydrocarbons makes up crude oil. The crude oil evaporates, and in the fractionating column, its vapors condense at various temperatures.The hydrocarbon molecules in each percent have a comparable number of carbon atoms and a comparable range of boiling points.The mixture is placed above a tall fractionating column that has multiple condensers coming off at various heights.The bottom of the column is warm, while the top is cool. High boiling point compounds condense at the bottom, whereas low boiling point substances condense as they ascend.Learn more about fractional distillation here:
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Consider the balanced equation below.
N2H4 + 2H2O2 Right arrow. N2 + 4H2O
What are the mole ratios of hydrazine (N2H4) to hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) and hydrazine to water?
1:2 and 1:4
1:3 and 1:4
1:2 and 3:5
1:3 and 3:5
Answer:
Explanation: The reaction between hydrazine and hydrogen peroxide yields nitrogen and water. The balanced chemical reaction is:
N2H4 + 2H2O2 N2 + 4H2O
which means that the mole ratio between hydrazine and hydrogen peroxide is 1:2 and the mole ratio between hydrazine and water is 1:4.
What is the bonding requirement for carbon atoms?
Answer:
carbon atoms tend to make four bonds, each carbon atom will have the number of hydrogen atoms that are required for four bonds. This compound contains 16 hydrogen atoms for a molecular formula of C 8 H 16.
Explanation:
A compound's molar mass is 240g/mol. its percentage composition is 75% carbon, 5.05% hydrogen and 19.95% oxygen, what is the molecular formula?
explanation please
The molecular formula of the compound is C15H12O3.
What is the molecular formula of the compound?The molecular formula of the compound is determined from the mole ratio of the elements in the compound.
Carbon = 0.75 × 240/12 = 15
Hydrogen = 0.0505 × 240/1 = 12
Oxygen = 0.1995 × 240/16 = 3
Therefore, the molecular formula of the compound is C15H12O3
In conclusion, the molecular formula of the compound is determined from the mole ratio of the elements and their percentage composition.
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How much more uranium is there diffused in our oceans compared to what we can mine on land?
There is nearly 1000 times more uranium diffused in our oceans as compared to mine on land.
The world ocean contain more than 4 billion metric tons of dissolved uranium . Uranium is removed from ocean by diffusion across the sediment-water interface of organic-rich sediments.
Mining of Uranium on land.Uranium ore is deposits are economically recovered within earth crust. The uranium elements is common elements present in earth crust as it found 40 times more as compare to silver and 500 times more as compare to gold. It can found in everywhere in the rock , soil, river, and ocean.
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Grant plans to evaporate enough water from 22 gallons of a 16 mmonia solution to make a 24 mmonia solution. Which equation can he use to find n, the number of gallons of water he should remove?
He can use 3.52/22-n = 24/100 equation to find n, where n is the number of gallons of water.
Calculation of amount of ammonia in 22 gallon of 16% ammonia solution.
amount of ammonia = 16%×22 gallon = 3.53 gallon
The amount of ammonia remains the same after evaporation of water but the total amount of solution is reduced because solution contain ammonia as well as water . So, if water is evaporate then solution reduced.
Amount of water remains = 22 - n
Desired concentration, 24% = 24/100
Therefore the final equation becomes,
3.52/22-n = 24/100
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A 25.0 mL sample of 0.723 M HClO4 is titrated with a 0.273 M KOH solution. What is the [H ] (molarity) before any base is added
0.723 is the [H ] (molarity) before any base is added.
the balanced equation for the acid-base reaction is
KOH + HClO₄ ---> KClO₄ + H₂O
stoichiometry of KOH to HClO₄ is 1:1
The number of HClO₄ moles - 0.723 M / 1000 mL/L x 25.0 mL = 0.0181 mol
Number of KOH moles - 0.27 M/ 1000 mL/L x 80.0 mL = 0.0216 mol
KOH is a strong acid and HClO₄ is a strong base therefore complete dissociation takes place.
the acid reacts with base in a 1:1 molar ratio, there's excess base remaining.
excess OH⁻ ions - 0.0216 - 0.0181 = 0.0035 mol
concentration is calculated as the number of moles/volume
volume of solution - 25.0 + 80.0 = 105.0 mL
[OH⁻] = 0.0035 mol / 0.105 L = 0.033 M
pOH = -log [OH⁻]
pOH = -log(0.033 M)
pOH = 1.48
pH can be calculated by knowing the pOH
pH + pOH = 14
pH = 14 - 1.48 = 12.52
pH = -log [H₃O⁺]
[H₃O⁺] = antilog(-12.52)
[H₃O⁺] = 3.0 x 10⁻¹³ M
0.723 is the [H ] (molarity) before any base is added.
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Which best describes the oxidizing agent in this reaction?
Cl2(aq) + 2Br–(aq) Right arrow. 2Cl–(aq) + Br2(aq)
Bromine (Br) is the oxidizing agent because it gains an electron.
Bromine (Br) is the oxidizing agent because it loses an electron.
Chlorine (Cl) is the oxidizing agent because it gains an electron.
Chlorine (Cl) is the oxidizing agent because it loses an electron.
Answer:
» Chlorine (Cl) is the oxidizing agent because it gains an electron.
Explanation:
Oxidization is the process of losing electrons during an ionic reaction.
In the reaction above, aqueous chlorine captures the electrons of bromide ion hence becoming oxidized. In this sense, since aqueous chlorine is the one gaining electrons, it oxidizes bromide to bromine
[tex]{ \rm{Cl _{2(aq)}+ 2Br {}^{ - } _{(aq)} \dashrightarrow 2Cl {}^{ - } _{(aq)} + Br _{2( aq)}}}[/tex]
Answer:
c
Explanation:
edge 2022
Hydrocarbons (typically petroleum products), which separate in water and have a Specific Gravity less than one, represents a significant hazard to firefighters. Why
Hydrocarbons (typically petroleum products), which separate in water and have a Specific Gravity of less than one, represent a significant hazard to firefighters. Why?
In water, hydrocarbons float to the surface. Water has limited impact on Class B Flammable Liquids and Gases fires, unless water is used to supply a Class B foam/water mixture that can slow the spread of flammable vapors and allow extinguishment by excluding oxygen. Hydrocarbons emit flammable vapors with a significant risk of fire.Describe hydrocarbons.Any member of the class of organic chemical compounds known as hydrocarbons only includes the atoms carbon (C) and hydrogen (H). The hydrogen atoms bond to the carbon atoms in a variety of ways to create the compound's structural framework.
What percentage of crude oil is made up of hydrocarbons?Although there could be thousands of different hydrocarbon molecules in a given crude oil, these descriptions only focus on the type of hydrocarbon that predominates in the combination. Typically, each sort of molecule can be found in all naturally occurring crude oils.
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Please help!! Balancing Nuclear Equations
The missing part of the equation is found to be 4/2He. Option A
What are nuclear equations?The term nuclear equations have to do with the type of equation in which one type of nucleus is transformed into another sometimes by the bombardment or loss of a particle.
Now the full equation ought to be written as 7/3Li + 1/1H -----> 4/2He + 4/2He. This is because the total mass on the left is 8 and the total charge on the left is 4.
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Aqueous hydrobromic acid reacts with solid sodium hydroxide to produce aqueous sodium bromide and liquid water . What is the theoretical yield of water formed from the reaction of of hydrobromic acid and of sodium hydroxide
Mass of water produced is equal to 7.2 grams.
The reactants are reacting according to the following equation:
HBr + NaOH = NaBr + H2O
1 mole of HBr requires 1 mole of NaOH to be totally transformed into NaBr and water.
Now, let us calculate the amounts of HBr and NaOH in mols:
m(HBr) = 67.2g
m(NaOH) = 16g
M(HBr) = 80.9g/mol
M(NaOH) = 40g/mol
Following the simple relation
n(moles) = m(grams)/M(g/mol)
n(HBr) = 67.2g/(80.9g/mol)
n(NaOH) = 16g/(40g/mol)
n(H2O) = n(NaOH) = 0.40 mol, which is:
m(H2O) = n(H2O) x M(H2O)
0.40mol∗18g/mol=7.2g
Finally, the mass of water produced is equal to 7.2 grams.
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According to the modern periodic law the properties of elements are periodic function of their
A lighter like the one shown below uses a substance called butane as its fuel. The butane can be burned to create a flame at the tip of the lighter.
a butane lighter
A teacher shows some of her students that the fuel inside the lighter's fuel tank is a liquid. But when she pushes the button that lets the fuel out of the lighter, they observe that it comes out as a gas. She and her students decide to investigate to discover what makes the butane change from a liquid to a gas.
Which step of an investigation would best help them determine what causes the change of state?
A.
calculating the volume of the lighter's fuel tank
B.
comparing lighters that use different kinds of fuel
C.
measuring the pressure inside the lighter's fuel tank
D.
heating butane gas to see if it changes state
Part of the investigation must be measuring the pressure inside the lighter fuel tank.
What is the pressure of a gas?The pressure of gas measures how compact the gas molecules are. We know that the more compacted the gas molecules are, the more likely the gas will exist in the liquid state.
Hence, part of the investigation must be measuring the pressure inside the lighter fuel tank.
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Write the empirical formula for at least four ionic compounds that could be formed from the following ions
Answer:
FeCO₃, Fe(IO₃)₂, Pb(CO₃)₂, Pb(IO₃)₄
Explanation:
Cations (positively charged ions) can only form ionic bonds with anions (negatively charged ions). However, you can't just simply put one cation and one anion together to form a compound. Each compound needs to been neutral, or have an overall charge of 0. When cations and anions do not have charges that perfectly cancel, you need to modify the amount of each ion in the compound.
1.) FeCO₃
-----> Fe²⁺ and CO₃²⁻
-----> +2 + (-2) = 0
2.) Fe(IO₃)₂
-----> Fe²⁺ and IO₃⁻
-----> +2 + (-1) + (-1) = 0
3.) Pb(CO₃)₂
-----> Pb⁴⁺ and CO₃²⁻
-----> +4 + (-2) + (-2) = 0
4.) Pb(IO₃)₄
-----> Pb⁴⁺ and IO₃⁻
-----> +4 + (-1) + (-1) + (-1) + (-1) = 0
[tex]\rm FeCO_3, Fe(IO_3)_2, Pb(CO_3)_2, Pb(IO_3)_4[/tex] are the empirical formula for at least four ionic compounds that could be formed from the given ions.
Ions, which are atoms or molecules with one or more lost or acquired electrons and an electric charge, are bonded together to create ionic compounds, a particular class of chemical complex. A metal cation (a positively charged ion) and a non-metal anion (a negatively charged ion) typically make up these compounds. Ionic bonding is a process that leads to the synthesis of ionic compounds. A non-metal atom becomes a negatively charged anion when it gets one or more electrons, while a metal atom becomes a positively charged cation when it loses one or more electrons.
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What part of the autonomic
nervous system calms you down
after an exciting event?
A. Somatic
B. Temporal lobe
C. Parasympathetic
Answer:
C. Parasympathetic
Explanation:
Please help me i really need it!
The average atomic mass of sulfur = 32.33 u
What is the average atomic mass of sulfur?The average atomic mass of sulfur is determined as follows:
Average atomic mass = (31.977 × 0.818) + (32.97 × 0.008) + (33.97 × 0.174)
Average atomic mass = 32.33
In conclusion, the average atomic mass of sulfur is determined from the sum of the isotopic masses and their relative abundance.
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If a reaction occurs, what will be the products of the unbalanced reaction below?Zn(s) + HCl(aq) -->
A. No reaction will occur
B. ZnH(s) + Cl2(g)
C. ZnCl2(s) + H2(g)
D. HZnCl(s)
The products will be [tex]ZnCl_2(s) + H_2(g)[/tex]
Chemical reactionsZn is higher than hydrogen in the reactivity series. Thus, it will be able to displace hydrogen from the acid.
The equation of the reaction becomes: [tex]Zn(s) + HCl(aq) -- > ZnCl_2 (s) + H_2 (g)[/tex]
Hydrogen gas is released as a result. In fact, it is one of the ways of preparing hydrogen gas in the laboratory.
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Nuclear decay occurs according to first-order kinetics. What is the half-life of zinc-65 if a sample decays from 65.0 g to 2.90 g in 3.0 years
Answer:
Explanation:
244 days
will you brainlyest?
The half life of the Zn-65 sample if it decays from 65 g to 2.9 g in 3 years is 1.53 years. This can be obtained using the first order kinetic of nuclear decay.
What is nuclear decay?Nuclear decay is the process by which unstable isotopes of an atom decays by the emission of alpha or beta particles to form stable nuclei. Nuclear decay is a first order reaction and the decay constant k can be written as:
k = 1/t log [no]/[nt]
Where, no and nt be the initial and final amount of the sample.
Given that the initial mass of Zn was 65 g and after 3 years it is 2.90 gram. Thus, decay constant is calculated as :
k = 1/3 yrs log (65/2.9)
= 0.45 yr⁻¹.
Now, the half life of Zn-65 can be calculated as:
t1/2 = 0.693/ k
= 0.693/0.45 yr⁻¹
= 1.53 yrs.
Therefore, the half life of Zn-65 will be 1.53 years.
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What is the empirical formula for a compound if 300. 00 g of it is known to contain 82. 46224 g of molybdenum, 45. 741 g of chlorine and the rest is bromine?
the empirical formula for a compound is Mo2Br5Cl3.
The empirical components of a compound are the best entire quantity ratio of atoms of every detail within the compound. it's miles decided using statistics from experiments and therefore empirical. as an example, the molecular formula of glucose is C 6H 12O 6 however the empirical formulation is CH 2O.
An Empirical formula is the chemical components of a compound that offers the proportions (ratios) of the elements present in the compound however no longer the real numbers or arrangement of atoms. This will be the lowest complete range ratio of the elements within the compound.
The empirical method of a compound gives the only ratio of the range of various atoms gift, while the molecular formula gives the actual range of each distinctive atom found in a molecule. If the components is simplified then it is an empirical components.
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If a car travels 300 kilometers in 3 hours, its average speed is 100 km/hr.
true or false
Answer:
speed=distance/time taken
=300km/3hr
=100km/hr
So it is true.
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Chlorine gas is applied at a rate of 40 pounds per day to a well operating at 1250 gpm. What is the chlorine dosage for this well, expressed in parts per million
2.7 is the chlorine dosage for this well, expressed in parts per million.
Unlike municipal water, well water does not go through a water treatment facility. That implies that it could be contaminated with poisons like lead, coliform bacteria, volatile chemical compounds, and others. chlorination in well water is done to fulfill the role that chlorine plays in municipal sources' water disinfection processes.
It is advised to start with a chlorine concentration of 50 to 100 parts per million (ppm).
Bacterial pollutants are eliminated from well water, well casings, holding tanks, and the entire water delivery system via shock chlorination. To shock chlorinate, a well driller with a license is trained.
Algae have been linked to green water, and they may thrive in both surface water and groundwater wells even in the absence of sunshine. Algae can color the water in both the pre-and post-decomposition stages with a variety of hues, including green, brown, and reddish.
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