Select three examples of resistance to antibiotics that is due to an altered cellular target of the drug. Multiple select question. The activity of beta-lactamase Addition of acetyl-CoA to chloramphenicol Alteration of an enzyme involved in folic acid synthesis A change in the structure of 23S rRNA The terminal D-alanine of pentapeptide mutates to D-serine

Answers

Answer 1

Answer:

- Alteration of an enzyme involved in folic acid synthesis

- A change in the structure of 23S rRNA

- The terminal D-alanine of pentapeptide mutates to D-serine

Explanation:

Antibiotic resistance is the phenomenon by which microorganisms naturally have, acquire, or develop the ability to defeat the drugs designed to eliminate them. For example, trimethoprim is able to bind with the enzyme dihydrofolate reductase (DHFR) in order to inhibit the folic acid synthesis pathway. Sulfonamides (sulfa drugs) competitively inhibit the incorporation of para-aminobenzoic acid (​PABA) into folic acid and thus also prevent the synthesis of folic acid. Ribosomes are organelles where proteins are synthesized. The 23S rRNA is a component of the large subunit (50S) of bacteria and archaea ribosomes. In consequence, it is expected that a modification in the structure of 23S rRNA alters protein synthesis. Finally, vancomycin acts by binding the terminal D-Ala-D-Ala residues of the polymeric lipid-PP-disaccharide-pentapeptides and thus inhibits cell wall synthesis in Gram-positive bacteria. In consequence, it is expected that a mutation at the terminal D-alanine that modifies this sequence alters the vancomycin binding site and thus also confers antibiotic resistance.


Related Questions

In the early days of the solar system, many planetesimals orbited the Sun. The theory has it that one large planetesimal the size of Mars struck a glancing blow to the molten Earth. How did this event contribute to the formation of the Moon?

Answers

Answer:

This event led to the breaking away of a part of earth and the part was held on by earth’s gravity and this part became the moon.

Explanation:

The formation of moon was after the formation of the earth. In the initial years of the formation of earth it was affected by several asteroid hits and comets. Small planets referred to as planetesimals  also kept continuously affecting the earth. Before 4.5 billion years ago a planetesimal which was about the size of Mars hit earth.

This hit led to the breaking away of a part of earth. The part which was sent to space by the hit was caught by the gravity of the earth and the part started orbiting around the earth. The similarity of the rocks in moon to that of earth is attributed to the fact that moon was actually formed from earth.

The moon and earth keeps influencing each other. The moon’s effect reduced the speed of earth’s rotation and the moon keeps moving away from the earth due to the influence of earth.

Answer:Molten rock broke off from Earth following the impact. The rock coalesced (gathered) into a ball, which formed the Moon.

Explanation: Edmentum

larva stage of insect miving in mass is called​

Answers

I think called nymphs.

The main function of this process is to

Answers

Answer:

what process? is there more to the question

Explanation:

When the stimulus voltage is increased, _______. When the stimulus voltage is increased, _______. sodium permeability into the cell decreases sodium permeability into the cell increases to overcome the potassium exiting a greater-than-threshold depolarization results a greater-than-threshold depolarization results and sodium permeability into the cell increases to overcome the potassium exiting.

Answers

Answer:

a greater-than-threshold depolarization results and sodium permeability into the cell increases to overcome the potassium exiting.

Explanation:

The occurrence of action potential requires the existence of active voltage-dependent channels to open and close in response to the membrane depolarization.  

When depolarization reaches and supers the threshold point, voltage-dependent Na+ channels open and the ion gets into the cell. The entrance of Na+ decreases the electric charge difference between the cellular interior and exterior. Membrane depolarizes and produces the action potential that tends to reach a potential equilibrium for Na+ = +60mV. The higher the Na+ input is, the greater is the depolarization and the greater is the Na+ permeability.

Once Na+ channels are closed, voltage-dependent K+ channels open, increasing the membrane permeability to the ion, letting K+ get out of the cell, following the electrochemical gradient.  

The closure of Na+ channels and opening of K+ channels are responsible for membrane repolarization.

How many inherited traits are considered in a dihybrid cross?
a.)2
b. )1
c.)3
d.)4​

Answers

A dihybrid cross allows us to look at the pattern of inheritance of two different traits at the same time.

Sequence the steps in the chain of infection in the correct order. identify influenza, new patient comes in contact with sick patient, influenza struck (sick) patient, sick patient sneezes, new patient is infected, new patient inhales through the nose

Answers

Answer:

influenza struck (sick) patient

new patient comes into contact with sick patient.

sick patient sneezes

new patient inhales through nose

new patient is infected

Explanation:

Answer: influenza struck (sick) patient

new patient comes into contact with sick patient.

sick patient sneezes

new patient inhales through nose

new patient is infected

Despite the diversity of nature, most organisms contain the same 4 DNA bases.
What are those bases? *
Adenine, thymine, cytosine, uracil
Adenine, thymine, cytosine, guanine
Adenine, thymine, cytosine, lysine
Adenine, uracil, cytosine, valine

Answers

Answer:

Adenine, thymine, cytosine, guanine

Explanation:

some things use uracil instead of guanine but its less common. also to remember which ones pair up, remember Apple in the Tree (Adenine pairs with Thymine), and Car in the Garage (Cytosine pairs with Guanine).

Which of the following areas of study is pursued by pomologists?

study of plant colors

study of fruits and nuts

study of grape cultivation

study of floral design

Answers

Pomology (from Latin pomum, “fruit,” + -logy) is a branch of botany that studies fruit and its cultivation. ... The goals of fruit tree improvement include enhancement of fruit quality, regulation of production periods, and reduction of production cost. One involved in the science of pomology is called a pomologist.

Hormones are chemical molecules produced by glands. Vasopressin is a hormone secreted by the cells of the hypothalamus, a part of the brain. The hormone regulates homeostasis through its effect on the kidney cells. Which statement is true based on this information?

Answers

Answer:

Hormones are chemical molecules produced by glands is true

Answer:

Hormones are chemical molecules produced by glands.

Explanation:

TRUE

What are the four
characteristics that identify something as living?

Answers

Properties of Life. All living organisms share several key characteristics or functions: order, sensitivity or response to the environment, reproduction, growth and development, regulation, homeostasis, and energy processing. When viewed together, these characteristics serve to define life.

Ella repeated Mendel's second set of experiments. She crossed two non-pure
tall pea plants and produced eight offspring. All of the offspring were tall. She
concluded that her experiment must be flawed.
What is wrong with Ella's reasoning?
A. Ella did not perform enough trials to evaluate the pattern in the
results.
O B. Ella did her experiment correctly. Mendel's experiments must have
been flawed.
C. Ella should have crossed two pure-breeding tall plants.
O
D. Ella did not accurately measure the height of the plants.

Answers

Answer:

A

Explanation:

Ella did not preform enough trials to evaluate the pattern in the results.

3 times the sum of 2 and y?"

Answers

Answer and Explanation:

3(2 + y) is the answer.

The 3 is multiplying the 2 and y inside the parenthesis.

#teamtrees #PAW (Plant and Water)

What makes up the "head" region of a phospholipid? __________Is it hydrophobic or hydrophilic?_________

Answers

Answer:

Phospholipids consist of a glycerol molecule, two fatty acids, and a phosphate group that is modified by an alcohol. The phosphate group is the negatively-charged polar head, which is hydrophilic. The fatty acid chains are the uncharged, nonpolar tails, which are hydrophobic.

Mrs. Blakely's chemistry class is acting out chemical reactions on a dance
floor. The whole class gets on the dance floor and moves around like
molecules of air in a beaker. What could the students do to model a condition
that would decrease the rate of the reaction?
A. Have the people on the dance floor choose a partner.
B. Have more people get on the dance floor.
C. Have some people get off the dance floor.
D. Have the people on the dance floor move faster.

Answers

Answer:

it's either C or D

The students simulate a situation that might cause the reaction rate to decrease, such as having some people leave the dance floor while others move more quickly. So, the correct options are C and D.

What is Reaction rate?

The pace at which a chemical reaction occurs is known as the rate of the reaction. It is proportional to the rise in product concentration per unit time and the fall in reactant concentration per unit time. Response times can differ wildly.

For instance, because it happens quickly, wood burning has a fast reaction rate, whereas iron rusting has a low rate of the reaction because it happens gradually.

For the aforementioned illustration, the students act out a scenario that can result in a slower reaction time, such as having some participants leave the dance floor whereas others move more swiftly.

Therefore, the correct options are C and D.

Learn more about Rate of reaction, here:

https://brainly.com/question/30546888

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What could a human living now and a horse living thousands of years ago
have in common?
A. They need the same amount of energy to survive.
ООО
B. They have the exact same DNA
C. They are made of some of the same matter.
D. They both get their energy directly from the sun

Answers

Answer:

they both get their energy directly from the sun

the muscular tube that connects the mouth cavity to the stomach​

Answers

Answer:

Answer:

Esophagus

I hope I have helped you babes ❤️

Help will mark brainliest #7,8

Answers

The answers for the question are given below
7.B
8.D

Answer:

7. D

8. D

Explanation:

7. One of the most important functions of iron is the transportation of oxygen to the blood. Iron’s main purpose is to carry oxygen in the hemoglobin of red blood cells throughout your body so your cells can produce energy.

8. A network of tiny capillaries connects the arteries and veins. Though tiny, the capillaries are one of the most important parts of the circulatory system because it’s through them that nutrients and oxygen are delivered to the cells.

What does a two direction arrow indicate in a chemical equation

Answers

Answer:

reversible reaction

Explanation:

The double arrow denotes a reversible reaction. The reactants become products and the products can become reactants again using the same process.

The carrying capacity for a population of frogs in a rainforest ecosystem is 840 frogs, and the maximum rate of increase for this population is 1.0 per individual per year. Using the logistic population growth model, what is the approximate population growth rate for 212 frogs?

4 frogs per year
29 frogs per year
158 frogs per year
314 frogs per year

Answers

Answer:

4 frogs per year is the answer

In logistic growth, a population's per capita growth rate gets smaller and smaller as population size approaches a maximum imposed by limited resources in the environment, known as the carrying capacity (K).

Formula used:  dN/dT= rN{1-N/K}

Given: k= 840 frogs

            N= 212, r= 1 year

To find: r=?

Solution:

putting value in equation:

                          dN/dT= rN{1-N/K}

                          dN/dT = 1 x 212 {1-212/840}

                   so,    dN/dT= 158.57 ( approx)

                   

Final answer: The correct option is (c)

158 frogs per year

Thus, we can conclude that 158 frogs per year will be the population of frogs.

You can learn more about logistic growth here:

https://brainly.com/question/2495595

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Which of the following best describes bear hibernation?

a. It causes hormonal imbalance and cellular communication failure.
b. It is a disruption between circadian rhythms and environmental cues.
c. It is a physiological condition resulting from north-south and south-north travel.
d. It is a psychological phenomenon that affects people traveling between time zones.

Answers

Answer:

the answer is C

Explanation:

When 2 or more organisms compete for the same resource there can be a variety of outcomes. What would be one of those outcomes?

Answers

Answer:

The biology branch deals with the relations between and physical environment of organisms.

Explanation:

The principle of competitive exclusion states that if two species occupy the same niche, they cannot exist together (competing for identical resources). Two species whose niche overlap can evolve to have different niches through natural selection, resulting in the distribution of resources.

In ecology, interspecific competition is a form of competition where individuals from different kinds compete in an ecosystem for the same resources (e.g. food or space)... There may be interspecific competition if people of two separate species share a limited resource within a single area.

what is substances in scientific methods​

Answers

Answer:

A chemical substance is a form of matter having constant chemical composition and characteristic properties. Some references add that chemical substance cannot be separated into its constituent elements by physical separation methods, i.e., without breaking chemical bonds.

Which factor affects the amount of runoff that occurs in an area?

Answers

Answer:

Vegetative cover and type of soil.

Explanation:

Vegetative cover and type of soil are the factors that affects the amount of runoff that occurs in an area. Vegetative cover reduce the amount of runoff because it makes the soil porous which absorb more amount of water inside the soil while on the other hand, type of soil also affects the runoff such as sandy soil absorb most of the runoff water and sometimes no water is available for runoff.

Answer:

d

Explanation:

A mouse had a gene sequence of GTT coding for leucine, an amino acid. mutation in this gene led to the formation of GTG. However, the amino acid formed was leucine, despite the mutation. This is a mutation for the mouse

Answers

Answer:

1- substitution.

2- neutral.

Explanation:

The change in the genetic sequence of the organisms known as mutation. Mutations might be sudden and heritable in nature. spontaneous mutation and induced mutation are types of mutation.

A change that causes a change in single base pair of a gene sequence is called substitution mutation. The original leucine sequence is GTT and the mutated sequence is GTG. Thus T has been substituted by G.

Mutation can be beneficial, detrimental or neutral. The neutral mutation is that does not affect the physical change. Both GTT and GTG code for the same amino acid so it would be neutral.

Answer:

1- substitution.

2- neutral.

Explanation:

The change in the genetic sequence of the organisms known as mutation. Mutations might be sudden and heritable in nature. spontaneous mutation and induced mutation are types of mutation.

A change that causes a change in single base pair of a gene sequence is called substitution mutation. The original leucine sequence is GTT and the mutated sequence is GTG. Thus T has been substituted by G.

Mutation can be beneficial, detrimental or neutral. The neutral mutation is that does not affect the physical change. Both GTT and GTG code for the same amino acid so it would be neutral.

Help please
Mangrove trees can only survive in moderately saline water. What are such organisms called?
A. Euryhaline
B. Stenohaline
C. Mesohaline
D. Polyhaline
E. Oligohaline

Answers

Answer:

I believe the answer is Euryhaline

PLEASE HELP ME PLEASE HELP ME PLEASE HELP ME PLEASE HELP ME PLEASE HELP ME PLEASE HELP ME PLEASE HELP ME PLEASE HELP ME PLEASE HELP ME PLEASE HELP ME PLEASE​

Answers

Answer:

1)F

2)F

3)R

4)F

5)F

6)No change

7)R

8)No change

9)R ?

10) No change

DNA is composed of peating structural units
called
is the five-carbon sugar found in
DNA.
DONE

Answers

Answer:

Explanation:

if u mean repeating structural units of the DNA they are nucelotides or nucleotide bases.

and Yes, there is a five-carbon sugar in the DNA. It's called deoxyribose.

Yea dna is composed of pearling structure units called carbon sugar

Complete the following sentence.
A qualified landscape architect will usually hold a college degree, may hold an advanced degree, and will often hold a ________ bestowed by a state board.

Answers

Answer:

bachelor's degree : ) it says my answer needs to be longer for some reason so here you go I guess lol

Which product forms from the reaction between nitrogen (N)
(CI)?
A. NCI
B. NCI
C. N2CI
O D. N2C1

Answers

Answer:

None of the above

Explanation:

Because as N has the valence of 3 when it reacts with Cl of 1 as valence they will form NCl3

Answer:

The product of the reaction between nitrogen (N) and (CL) is nitrogen trichloride (NCl3)

Explanation:

Although by seeing the question's answer choices, I think it was an error to detect the question (image) by Brainly as 2 of the answers is written the same.

However, when nitrogen gas reacts with chlorine gas, the product is gaseous nitrogen trichloride (NCL3), I guess 1 of your answer must be NCL3.

PLEASE HELP!!! WIL GIVE BRAINLIEST
The following leaf, with edges that appear burnt, was observed on an impatiens plant.

Which mineral is this impatiens likely deficient in?
a. phosphorus
B calcium
C potassium
D sulphur

Answers

I have no ideas but maybe it is B?
Other Questions
A neutral atom has 37 electrons. How many protons does theatom have?a more than 37 protonsbless than 37 protonsC exactly 37 protonsd it is impossible to know without more information In a shoe factory, 2.4% shoes made are defective. If the company made 10,000 shoes then the number of defective pieces are After a product recall triggered by salmonella contamination and repeated violation citations by the health department, Mc Burger Inc. is considering introduction of its first brand of soy-based gourmet burgers, Healthylicious-n-Safe. Each box of Healthylicious-n-Safe contains 8 burgers (similar to other meatless burger brands). An extensive marketing research undertaken by the firm indicated that there is a growing demand in the meatless burger market, with annual projected sales of 1,250,000 boxes (Note that this is the demand in the total meatless burger market and not the demand for the Healthylicious-n-Safe brand).Mc Burger estimates that it will incur a fixed cost of $35,000/month. The variable cost of making one burger is estimated to be $0.875. Mc Burger plans to run a promotional campaign in the first 12 months of product introduction, which is estimated to cost a total of $275,000. Based on its marketing research Mc Burger expects an average customer to pay $9.00 for a box of Healthylicious-n-Safe.Required:Do you think Mc Burger should launch this new product? Is Mc Burger likely to break-even in 12 months? Is Mc Burger likely to break-even in 18 months? how does development occur short answer 8 In an experiment Rahul burnt 4 kg fuel and the heat produced was measured to be 160,000 kJ and Raj burnt 2 kg of fuel and heat produced was measured to be 100,000kJ. Calculate the net calorific value of the fuels. Cual es el mayor anhelo expedicionario que Coln deja entrever en su diario? Help me calculate Lim for this lesson what progress was made during Reconstruction? For any two integers A and B, A minus b is equal to a plus additive inverse of b is equal to a + Dash what is discourse marker In computing earnings per share for a simple capital structure, if the preferred stock is cumulative, the amount that should be deducted as an adjustment to the numerator (earnings) is the:________a. preferred dividends in arrears.b. preferred dividends in arrears times (one minus the income tax rate).c. annual preferred dividend times (one minus the income tax rate).d. none of these. Which of the following acids has a basicity of 2?1 pointethanoic acidhydrochloric acidnitric acidsulphuric acid Find the recursive formula -80, 20, -5 MONTGOMERY INC.Comparative Balance SheetsDecember 31, 2018 and 20172018 2017 Assets Cash $ 38,200 $ 38,700 Accounts receivable, net 10,800 13,400 Inventory 96,800 77,500 Total current assets 145,800 129,600 Equipment 53,600 45,800 Accum. depreciationEquipment (24,200 ) (16,900 )Total assets $ 175,200 $ 158,500 Liabilities and Equity Accounts payable $ 25,700 $ 28,100 Salaries payable 400 500 Total current liabilities 26,100 28,600 Equity Common stock, no par value 129,300 119,000 Retained earnings 19,800 10,900 Total liabilities and equity $ 175,200 $ 158,500 MONTGOMERY INC.Income StatementFor Year Ended December 31, 2018Sales $ 40,300 Cost of goods sold (16,700 )Gross profit 23,600 Operating expenses Depreciation expense $ 7,300 Other expenses 5,000 Total operating expense 12,300 Income before taxes 11,300 Income tax expense 2,400 Net income $ 8,900 Additional InformationNo dividends are declared or paid in 2018.Issued additional stock for $10,300 cash in 2018.Purchased equipment for cash in 2018; no equipment was sold in 2018.1. Use the above financial statements and additional information to prepare a statement of cash flows for the year ended December 31, 2018, using the indirect method. (Amounts to be deducted should be indicated by a minus sign.) Describe the three massive volumes of Indian History. Math.........I need Judson, reaching for his boots, stepped fairly upon the acorn, his foot slid from under him and his head struck the massive table as he fell. Several minutes later he began to regain his senses. Alecs strong arm was supporting his as he lay on the porch and a kindly voice was saying: Twarnt much of a fall, Mr. Webb. You arent cut none; jest knocked out for a minute. Here, take this; itll pull you together. A small glass was pressed to his lips. Dazed and half-conscious, he drank.Explain how Judsons desire to revenge caused his death. Tr li cu hi v sao dng phng vn hay anket A JIT system uses kanban cards to authorize movement of incoming parts. In one portion of the system, a work center uses an average of 110 parts per hour while running. The manager has assigned an inefficiency factor of .20 to the center. Standard containers are designed to hold 4 dozen parts each. The cycle time for parts containers is about 110 minutes. How many containers are needed? who made king hostage for several hours in france?