Read the following article on Gertrude Elion. Then, read the summary that follows. You will notice that the summary is incorrectly written. In this lesson, you learned six rules for writing an effective summary. Using this information, make three specific suggestions that would improve this ineffective summary.



Important note: Do NOT write a summary. You will write three suggestions for improving this summary. Your suggestions must be based on the six rules of effective summaries that you learned in the lesson.



Complete article from Encyclopedia Britannica

U.S. pharmacologist (one who studies drug interactions) Gertrude B. Elion received the Nobel prize for medicine in 1988 along with George H. Hitchings and Sir James W. Black. The three were awarded the prize for their development of drugs used to treat several major diseases.

Gertrude Belle Elion was born on Jan. 23, 1918, in New York City. She graduated from Hunter College in New York City with a degree in biochemistry in 1937. Unable to obtain a graduate research position because she was a woman, she took a series of jobs, including lab assistant, chemistry and physics teacher in New York City high schools, and research chemist. During this time she also took classes at New York University, where she earned a master's degree in 1941. Because she could not devote herself to full-time studies, Elion never received a doctorate.

In 1944 Elion joined the Burroughs Wellcome Laboratories (now part of GlaxoSmithKline (a company that makes prescription medicines)). There she was first the assistant and then the colleague of Hitchings, with whom she worked for the next four decades. Elion and Hitchings developed an array (variety) of new drugs that were effective against leukemia, autoimmune disorders, urinary-tract infections, gout, malaria, and viral herpes. Their success was due primarily to their innovative (characterized by new or unique) research methods. Rather than using the trial-and-error approach used by previous pharmacologists, Elion and Hitchings examined the difference between the biochemistry of normal human cells and that of cancer cells, bacteria, viruses, and other pathogens (disease-causing agents). They used this information to create drugs that could target a particular pathogen without harming the human host's normal cells. Their methods enabled them to eliminate much of the guesswork and wasted effort typical in previous drug research.

Although Elion officially retired in 1983, she helped oversee the development of azidothymidine (AZT), the first drug used in the treatment of AIDS. In 1991 she was awarded a National Medal of Science and was inducted into the National Women's Hall of Fame. She died on Feb. 21, 1999, in Chapel Hill, N.C.



Student J. Doe's Summary

Gertrude Elion was born in 1918 in New York City. She went to school for many years and eventually won the Nobel prize. She was unable to obtain a graduate research position because she was a woman. She took a series of jobs, including lab assistant, chemistry and physics teacher in New York City high schools, and research chemist. She was a scientist who helped discover many important drugs that saved lives. Elion also discovered new ways to test drugs. She died in 1999, 16 years after she retired from Burroughs Wellcome Laboratories. I think she was a terrific scientist. (10 points)

The narrator characterize life "since the war" began versus life before by declaring that life before the war was simple. The role that "Whitaker's Table of Precedency" play in that contrast is that it emphasized on the contrast. This contrast relates to the style of narration by the narrator's use of a conversational, informal style of narration.

In Virginia Woolf's short story “The Mark on the Wall”, the narrator paints an intriguing contrast between life before and during the war. Before the war, the narrator's life was composed of small, mundane tasks and moments, such as staring at a mark on the wall.

But since the war began, the narrator's life has taken on a more serious tone, with thoughts of battles and death becoming more prominent in their mind.

Whitaker's Table of Precedency is used to emphasize this contrast, as the narrator muses on how their own trivial, yet comforting, routines have been replaced by the more chaotic and unpredictable nature of war.

This contrast between life before and during the war is furthered by the narrator's use of an ironically whimsical and nostalgic tone, which serves to highlight the stark contrast between their current reality and the life they had before the war.

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The narrator characterize life "since the war" began versus life before by declaring that life before the war was simple. The role that "Whitaker's Table of Precedency" play in that contrast is that it emphasized on the contrast. This contrast relates to the style of narration by the narrator's use of a conversational, informal style of narration.

In Virginia Woolf's short story “The Mark on the Wall”, the narrator paints an intriguing contrast between life before and during the war. Before the war, the narrator's life was composed of small, mundane tasks and moments, such as staring at a mark on the wall.

But since the war began, the narrator's life has taken on a more serious tone, with thoughts of battles and death becoming more prominent in their mind.

Whitaker's Table of Precedency is used to emphasize this contrast, as the narrator muses on how their own trivial, yet comforting, routines have been replaced by the more chaotic and unpredictable nature of war.

This contrast between life before and during the war is furthered by the narrator's use of an ironically whimsical and nostalgic tone, which serves to highlight the stark contrast between their current reality and the life they had before the war.

The function of a claim in an argument is to state the writer's opinion.

Claims are statements that are supported by justifications and are verified. One must first develop a claim that is superior to just an opinion in order to win an argument. You should discuss your suit utilizing arguments, evidence, and critical thinking skills. The term "claim" refers to an assertion or presupposition that a speaker asks the audience to accept in speeches and arguments.

There are typically three categories of preliminary claims in the argument, which are also known as persuasive claims:

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Men were interested in buying sturdy dogs because they wanted to go in search of gold. London describes them as rushing north by the thousands- The type of evidence is Testimonial.

The men who stole Buck were callous and cruel- The type of evidence is Judgement.

We know that Buck loved Thornton because Thornton's death "left a great void in him, somewhat akin to hunger." - The type of evidence is Fact.

We can tell by the way that Buck was broken in with a club- The type of evidence is Fact.

What are the three types of evidence?

Three primary forms of evidence are required to convince the audience that the writer's claims are valid. Fact, judgment, and testimony fall under these categories.

Hence/Therefore,

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Since the trailer goal is to bring viewers to the movie, these clips are typically taken from the most thrilling, amusing, or other notable scenes in the movie, but they are usually shortened and don't reveal any major plot points.

Without giving away any plot details, a trailer presents the film's creative team, including the director, writers, and producers, as well as the key actors. It also reveals the movie's release date.

Also known as a teaser or trailer tease. a brief, edited promotional clip to raise awareness of a forthcoming movie and reveal its release date: A teaser is a precursor to the film's full-length trailers, which showcase highlights and are released closer to the release date of the movie.

The most details about a movie are revealed in the trailers. They typically display excerpts from several movie sequences and provide a range of emotions or moods. More of the actors is displayed in full trailers than in other previews.

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Answer:

One mistake I cant take back was writing in my so called "diary" and leaving it out in the open.

Explanation:

Backround info: My parents are VERY strict. Took place a few months ago. Also it wasn't rlly a diary it was some random journaling book. Im (sunnah) muslim.

So, one day I was really upset and kind of having a mental breakdown because of my life, parents/family,school,etc. And I wrote like less than half my problems down and it took up 4 pages. There were some curse words in it. I left it on the table thinking no one would bother to look at it or even be interested. Then one night , I was in the bathroom and I heard my dad calling me and he sounded pretty angry. So I quickly got out and went. Once I entered the kitchen, my heart stopped beating for like 1/2 sec and MY DAD WAS HOLDING THE BOOK IN HIS HAND. I was like cursing in my mind terrified what was gonna happen next. And he started scolding me and was extremely mad and my mom/dad were very disapointed and couldnt forget that for like a month or sum. Then my mom found out that I was secretly wearing crop tops out to school and quickly changing and was wearing black leggings with it (from shein). She didnt tell my dad cuz he wouldve disowned me at this point. Then later I had this "perfect" childhood friend of mine and she went to this strict islamic school and my parents blamed this school about how it "changed" me. And they said that I was going to that school with her for 7th grade. I was SO made at them first but when I went there they said I could go back if I was more responsible and dont talk back,etc. But so far the school is actually not that bad. Its pretty fun tbh. (but my classmates are so toxic). So yeah :) thank you for spending some time to read this very long paragraph hope u enjoyed!

Sierra learns how to incorporate the spirits of the dead into her artwork, giving the spirits a second chance at life.

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‘The Little Boy Found’ by William Blake is the account of a baby the one while out probing for his father, gets wasted in the forest. In the first verse, the little fellow is destroyed in a swamp, and reluctant when God meets their expectations of him.

In the second verse of ‘The Little Boy Found', God leads him back to welcome his parent, the ones who had happened except him. In this piece, the “father” of the fellow has altered further and apart from him, the youngster cannot hear or visualize him. He is outside counseling without knowledge but afterward an occasion of agony the “vapors” fly continuously and he is, likely, smart to find a welcome former.

The repetition of sound forges a rhythmical flow, scene the strength for the rest of the composition. The sonnet resides in two verses. The reality that the child was absent means that he might have wandered from welcoming original innocence. However, through the counseling of God he is surpassed back to welcome mom, this epitomizes the purity and blamelessness of minors.

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The main message of Sotomayor's speech is that although ethnic diversity is significant to America, sometimes our way of life does not respect it.

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Answer:

By the age of 2, your toddler is talking, walking, climbing, jumping, running and bustling with energy. Your child now has a growing vocabulary and acquires .

As a metaphor for Minnie's innocence or guilt, the quilt and her decision to finish it in either knotting or quilting are developed. The act of strangling a quilt is connected to the act of strangling a man to death.

What is the quilt's symbolic meaning?

Quilts symbolize women's resilience, strength, and creative spirit, which enabled them to endure hardships like death and poverty. Quilts serve as a metaphor for the strong bonds of love and family that female characters form within the home in adolescent literature and are used to assist women in overcoming such difficulties.

In the eyes of her peers' jury, what does the quilt represent?

Minnie had to make this decision. She had to quilt it, which meant she had to put up with the abuse, or she would knot it and decide that her life as it is now was "not it" and that she would change it. In the narrative, the quilt's description as "a trifle" serves as a powerful symbol.

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Claudette Colvin, at 15 years old, stood her ground against a white woman on March 2, 1955 in Montgomery, Alabama. Having been studying African American history in school, Colvin was inspired.

By refusing to give up her seat on the bus, Claudette Colvin showed her bravery by defending both her rights and the rights of African Americans. Then, she maintained her resolve and carried out the legal action.

For a variety of reasons—including the fact that she lacked "beautiful hair," was not fair-skinned, was a teenager, and was pregnant—Colvin did not garner the same attention as Parks.

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This English assignment involves writing a body paragraph for an explanatory essay on Homer's The Odyssey. The student needs to analyze the text, gather evidence supporting a claim and explain how this evidence supports the claim.

The student is required to write a body paragraph for an explanatory essay on Homer's The Odyssey. The purpose of this exercise is to analyze the text and gather evidence in support of a provided claim. The student should start by identifying their claim, then move onto selecting relevant passages from The Odyssey that substantiate it. These passages become the 'evidence'. After mentioning the evidence, the student needs to explain why and how this supports their claim. This way, the paragraph will contain analysis of the text, evidence, and explanation, all supporting the claim.

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The author's observation about silent movie actors' decisions to work in talking movies highlights the immense impact that talking movies had on the industry.

What are Silent movies?

Silent movies, also known as silent films, are films with no synchronized recorded sound, especially dialog. They were the primary form of cinema from the late 19th century to the late 1920s, when the introduction of sound films began to dominate the industry. Silent films usually used intertitles to convey dialogue and plot points, and were often accompanied by live music.

It shows that even those who had achieved fame and success in the silent era were willing to make the switch to talking movies, demonstrating the power that the new technology had to revolutionize the industry and attract audiences. This helps the reader to understand the far-reaching implications of the introduction of sound in movies, and how it changed the way audiences experienced films.

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Open verse is a type of poetry that does not follow a specific rhyme scheme or meter. It is free form and often experimental, allowing for a great deal of creative expression.

Poetry is a form of literary art which uses language and sound to express ideas, emotions, and stories. It is often considered to be the most expressive and musical of all the literary genres. Poetry can be written in a variety of forms, rhyming or non-rhyming, in free verse or structured forms. Poets often use imagery, rhythm, and diction to create a certain mood or evoke certain emotions.

Blank verse is a type of poetry that follows a specific meter, usually iambic pentameter, but without a specific rhyme scheme. It is a more structured form of poetry and often follows a traditional poetic structure.

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A key component of many competitive tests is the essay. To master the art of essay writing, you must use the proper technique.

An essay is essentially a piece of writing that is made up of a logical collection of thoughts about a specific subject. Writing an essay is meant to analyze a topic and express a position on it. Keep oneself aware about current events and themes facing the country. Your ability to defend your arguments in an essay will be aided by your thorough knowledge of diverse topics.

Component of an essay:

Idea: The first step is to thoroughly research the subject and write down any ideas that occur to you. Brainstorming and idea generation for the assigned topic come next. Review the points you have made.Put those points in order by number and thoroughly analyze them.

Title: The essay's title should accurately describe its main points and content. You might also title your essay with a quotation or two. Not more than 7-8 words should be used.

Body: The essay's opening paragraph is really important. The introduction of your essay is a section to which you should pay close attention.The essay's body is divided into several paragraphs that flow together naturally. The purpose of the body paragraphs is to support your argument.

Summary: All of the ideas that you discuss in detail in the body of the essay are summarized in the conclusion. It represents your ultimate viewpoint on the subject as well as a summary of your main points.

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The message of "Ode on a Grecian Urn" is that art is a timeless reality, while the message of "On Seeing the Elgin Marbles" is that art evolves with time.

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An intricately planned remark on the ephemeral nature of time can be found in "An Occurrence at Owl Creek Bridge." This fluidity, as well as the tension between opposing concepts of time, are reflected in the story's structure, which shifts from the present to the past to what is later revealed to be the imagined present.

The Owl Creek bridge denotes a point of convergence and change. In an effort to stop the North from moving deeper into enemy territory, Confederate forces or supporters probably burned the bridge.

As a result of the reader knowing this information but Farquhar does not, he falls into the trap set by the Union when Bierce reveals at the end of the story that the soldier is actually a "Federal scout." This is an example of dramatic irony.

Thus, An intricately planned remark on the ephemeral nature of time can be found in "An Occurrence at Owl Creek Bridge."

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To make a dent in the amount of plastic waste generated every day, you must reconsider your habits. Every year, approximately 8.5 billion plastic utensils are discarded in the United States.
       These utensils, which include knives, forks, and spoons, are made of non-biodegradable materials such as polystyrene and PVC and take hundreds of years to decompose. This generates a lot of unnecessary waste, which is not only bad for the environment but also bad for our health.
       By switching to edible cutlery, you can help reduce this number and to protect our oceans and marine life. Edible cutlery is a great alternative to plastic and has many of the same benefits as regular utensils.

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The initial lines of the poem have a reassuringly soft tone. Using the childlike diminutives beastie , the speaker approaches the mouse directly in an effort to allay its anxieties and assure it that it is not in danger.

What do you mean by stanza?

In the opening stanza, the speaker uses words like hesitation and thoughtfulness. The poet makes the argument that the decisions one takes in life are permanent in this poem. One of the two options was left up to the poet. The poem has a regretful tone throughout. He predicts that, at some point in the distant future, he will still be contemplating his two options "with a sigh."

The opening stanza establishes the structure for the entire poem in formal verse poetry, where the poem adheres to a rhyme scheme and meter. In the second stanza, the rhyme and rhythm will repeat, and so on. Organization. A stanza's lines frequently elaborate on a single idea.

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Answer:

This hypothesis posits that human cognitive complexity arose as a result of the higher level of social complexity required from living in enlarged groups. These bigger groups entail a greater amount of social relations and interactions thus leading to an expanded quantity of intelligence in humans.

Examples of independent clauses include I prefer to read while sitting in front of the fire. An independent clause is a set of words that expresses a full idea and comprises both a subject and a verb.

Dependent clauses are made up of sentences. An independent clause is one that has at least one subject and one predicate. It expresses a whole notion. Think about this The waves crashed upon the sandy shore. In a simple statement, there is only one independent clause. An independent clause is a group of words that includes a subject and a predicate that, when read alone, expresses a complete notion.

The subject (which includes at least one noun) is either a person or an item. Examples of dependent clauses are the phrases "lf she leaves," which is not a complete sentence, and "She leaves," which is an independent thinker is someone who makes decisions and takes action on their own initiative without being influenced or controlled by others in any way. The independent businessman is autonomous and free; he is not under the control or jurisdiction of another.

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Joos (1976) classified speech style into five categories. The five are the frozen style, formal style, consultative style, and intimate style.

In order to be effective, an introduction must capture the audience's interest, state the issue, make it applicable, establish credibility, and summarize the important ideas. Introductions should be drafted last because they set the mood for said speech and must compliment its substance.

Just at beginning of your speech, pose a question, and then respond to it in the conclusion. Bring a story to a conclusion while illustrating your point using anecdotes. Finish with the presentation's title; a forceful, memorable title is excellent for this.

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The use of a mocking tone by the character is linguistic irony and shows sarcasm.; Situational irony occurs when a character says something seriously without intending to be ironic or sarcastic.

In its widest definition, irony, which is a crucial rhetorical device and literary technique, is the juxtaposition between what on the surface appears to be the situation and what is actually the case or to be anticipated.

There are several distinct varieties of irony, including situational, dramatic, and linguistic irony. When stating a fact, verbal, dramatic, and situational irony are frequently utilized to emphasize the point. The ironic form of simile, used in sarcasm, and some forms of litotes can emphasize one's meaning by the deliberate use of language which states the opposite of the truth, denies the contrary of the truth, or drastically and obviously understates a factual connection

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It creates mystery and interest is the best answer suitable for the question . Gatsby is doing something unusual in the dark when Nick first encounters his neighbor.

Nick becomes aware that he is extending his hand toward a green light that is shining over the bay. Nick doesn't yet understand what that action or that light stands for. This makes Gatsby's actions mysterious and intriguing. The reasons this man would behave in such a manner intrigue the readers.The green light, at the end of Daisy's East Egg pier and just visible from Gatsby's West Egg lawn, stands for Gatsby's future aspirations. Gatsby identifies it with Daisy and uses it as a beacon of light to guide him toward his objective. The green light also represents the more universal ideal of the American dream because Gatsby's search for Daisy is widely seen as embodying that ideal. Nick compares the green signal to how early settlers of the new country must have perceived America when it emerged from the ocean.

The complete question is :

What is the effect of Gatsby reaching through the dark setting toward the light?

It creates conflict.

It creates mystery and interest.

It emphasizes ideas and themes.

It resolves conflict.

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According to the question, fear best identifies Austin's real problem or conflict.

What is conflict?
Conflict is a disagreement between two groups or individuals which may be caused by a variety of factors, such as a difference in opinion, values, beliefs, goals, or needs. Conflict can be positive or negative depending on how it is managed, and can result in constructive solutions or destructive outcomes. Conflict resolution involves understanding the sources of conflict, managing emotions, listening to different perspectives, and finding common ground. Ultimately, conflict is a natural part of life and can be a healthy part of relationships when managed in a respectful and productive manner.

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The central idea of Brother, Can You Spare a Dime is, The men who are asking for money on the street contributed to the creation and defence(In World War I) of our nation, and they deserve better treatment than they currently receive.

Brother, Can You Spare a Dime? is a song that explores how people lived during and after the great depression in 1929. It asks why the men who built the country—who built the railroads, the skyscrapers, who fought in World War I, who ploughed the earth, who did what their country required of them—should, now that the work is finished and their labour is no longer necessary, find themselves abandoned in the midst of financial collapse, looking for a bite to eat in.

Brother Can You Spare A Dime was written for the Broadway production of "New Americana" in 1931. The performer personifies the common American Joe & his dashed hopes. Brother Can You Spare A Dime's lyrics, according to lyricist E.Y. "Yip" Harburg (who also wrote the words for "Somewhere Over the Rainbow"), was intended to portray the times' confusion.

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One of the best ways to interpret a writing is to use the text as a guide. Using the text as a guide when interpreting a work is one of the greatest approaches.

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The doctor thought that the speaker and the main character in the short story "In Another Country" did not have faith in the machines' potential to provide relief.

He believes that the robots were created solely to help heal the troops' wounds and other injuries, which had rendered them incapable of using their own powers.

The other strategies that could be offered in the response include:

The hospital patients' state of alienation and detachment, as well as their perspective on the war.

The major's instances and the speaker's doubtful and negative outlook on the machines' capacity to treat them.

Words like "resign" and "withered" might be used to express the complete despair and pain of the hospital patients, particularly the major who thought there was no cure for his injuries.

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Answer:

John Brown

Explanation:

He conducted the Harper Ferry Incident where he raided an arm federal property. He was the main cause of the civil war as it made the South afraid  that all abolitionist like him were violent.

The bird symbolizes transformation and growth. She has come to think of herself as a bird, realizing that she was once timid and fluttery but has since changed into a more confident and strong person.

Transformation and growth refer to the process of making meaningful and lasting changes in an individual or organisation. It involves taking risks and making difficult decisions in order to build a better future. Transformation and growth are connected, as growth is a result of the transformation process. Transformation involves the individual or organization becoming more conscious of their needs and wants, making conscious choices and taking action to achieve those goals. It involves taking intentional steps towards improvement and making strides towards a desired future.

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