Paleontologists organize fossils of related species based on their physical similarities.
Paleontologists discover and examine the remains of extinct organisms to learn about evolution.Any remnant of ancient life preserved in a geologic setting is referred to as a fossil or paleontological resource.
Fossils provide a direct link to the lifestyles, environments, and climatic conditions of the past. They reveal how life, the environment, and the climate have evolved over time and how living things have reacted to those changes. These teachings are especially crucial now that the modern climate is changing more and more.
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Collecting ducts within the kidney tubules cut in cross section would reveal what type of epithelium?
Simple cuboid epithelium found in glandular kidney tubules. This is observed in the lining of the kidney tubules and ducts of glans. Nucleus of tall column like cells trend to be elongated and found in the basal end of the cells.
It is composed of single layer that is relatively ,larger surface area, which is allow them to absorption and secretion of substances like water and salt from the kidney and hormones which are produced by the glands.
Simple epithelium tissues are specialized for diffusion and absorption. This is also found in lining the cavities of body such as pericardial , peritoneal and pleurae.
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___________________ and increased oxygen availability are plausible explanations for increases in diversity during the cambrian.
Predation and increased oxygen availability are plausible explanations for increases in diversity during the cambrian.
The Cambrian Explosion refers to the sudden appearance in the fossil record of complex animals with mineralized skeletal remains . Evolution affected the lifestyle . They become flexible , nervous system , circulatory system , digestive system , a lot of different body plans.
Predation can have large effects on prey population and on community structure. Predators can increases diversity in community by preying on competitive dominate species or by reducing consumer pressure on foundation species. Predation can increase , decrease or leave unchanged diversity.
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Amino acids that must be obtained from foods in order for the body to function properly are called?
Amino acids that must be obtained from foods in order for the body to function properly are called essential amino acids.
The body is unable to produce essential amino acids. They must therefore originate from food. Organic substances known as amino acids are primarily made up of nitrogen, carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen.Twenty distinct amino acids are required by your body for growth and optimal operation. Despite the fact that all 20 of these are crucial for your health, just nine are considered essential.These include valine, tryptophan, isoleucine, leucine, lysine, methionine, phenylalanine, and threonine.While your body may produce non-essential amino acids, it is unable to produce essential amino acids; therefore, you must obtain them through diet.Animal proteins including meat, eggs, and poultry are the richest providers of necessary amino acids.But some plant meals, such edamame and tofu made from soy, do contain all nine essential amino acids. They are "complete" sources of protein.
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How is a trophic cascade (top down regulation) different from the traditional trophic pyramid (bottom up regulation)?
Top-down effects imply control through predation, including fishery, while
bottom-up effects imply control through food abundance, often thought to be driven by climate or nutrient load.
What is Top down regulation ?The top-down effect refers to a higher trophic level influences the community structure of a lower trophic level through predation.
What is Bottom up regulation ?The bottom-up effect means that a lower trophic level in the biological network affects the community structure of higher trophic levels by means of resource restriction
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A hanging person meets instant death why??
One or more of the following medical issues, some of which are fatal, may result from a hanging: cerebral hypoxia caused by carotid artery closure.
What is cerebral hypoxia?Cerebral hypoxia is a condition where there is insufficient blood flow to the brain but a reduction in oxygen supply.
Patients who suffer from cerebral hypoxia-induced brain damage can benefit from treatments. However, no one is capable of reviving lost brain tissue or healing a brain damage. The illness may cause permanent brain damage. It can be fatal if it goes on for too long.
A hanging may cause one or more of the following medical conditions, some of which are fatal: Closure of the carotid artery results in cerebral hypoxia.
The jugular veins are sealed along with cervical fracture, which can result in acute spinal cord damage or even unintentional decapitation.
Thus, due to this, hanging person meets instant death.
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Why is the nitrogen cycle important?
Answer:
It's very important because it helps in converting inert nitrogen gas into a usable form for the plants through the biochemical process. In the process of ammonification, the bacteria help in decomposing the animal and plant matter, which indirectly helps to clean up the environment.
Explanation:
Answer:
The nitrogen cycle is a biogeochemical process in which nitrogen, in various forms, is circulated from the atmosphere to the living organisms and later back to the atmosphere. Living organisms require nitrogen for the synthesis of nucleic acid and proteins. The atmosphere contains almost 78% of the nitrogen in an inert form (N2). Living organisms cannot use this nitrogen unless it is converted to ammonia, nitrates, and other usable compounds of nitrogen.
The nitrogen cycle is a cyclic process where the nitrogen travels from the inorganic form in the atmosphere to the organic way in the living organisms. The nitrogen cycle contains several steps, including nitrogen fixation, assimilation, ammonification, nitrification, and denitrification. This cycle is essential in maintaining a proper ecological balance and is present in both marine and terrestrial ecosystems.
The y-5 molar morphology is present in?
Answer:
it is presented in chimpanzees
The teeth of some primates, notably great apes and some hominoids, have a y-5 molar morphology.
This phrase describes the arrangement or pattern of cusps on the molar teeth. When viewed from above, the cusps are shaped like the letter "Y", with additional cusps arranged in a "5" shape, hence the name "y-5". The paracone, metacone and hypocone – the three primary cusps present with smaller accessory cusps – define this molar morphology. The Y-5 molar arrangement is considered a fundamental feature of the dentition of hominoids, reflecting their shared heritage.
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Luke is a quarterback on a football team. He throws the ball into the air and the wide receiver catches it and scores a touchdown. In a neuron, which physical part plays a role similar to that of the wide receiver in football
A dendrite is a neuron whose physical part plays a role similar to that of the wide receiver in football
The finger-like cells called dendrites are found on the terminal of a neuron. They are tiny, branching fibers that protrude from the nerve cell's cell body. This fiber expands the area that can be used to receive incoming data. The receiving or input parts of a neuron are called dendrites.
Appendages called dendrites are made to receive signals from neighboring cells. They take the form of projections with a tree-like structure that are triggered by other neurons and carry the electrochemical charge to the cell body (or, more rarely, directly to the axons). These little protrusions relay electrical stimulation to the soma and take in information from neighboring neurons. Synapses also cover the dendrites.
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A cell that cannot produce enough energy to function properly most likely has a problem with its?
A cell that cannot produce enough energy to function properly most likely has a problem with its mitochondria.
What is the function of the mitochondria?The mitochondria is a membrane-bound organelle in the cells of eukaryotic organism.
The mitochondrion is the organelle responsible for the conversion of food to usable energy in the form of ATP, hence, it is called power house of the cell.
The energy we make use of for our daily activities is synthesized as ATP in a process called cellular respiration.
However, according to this question, a cell that cannot produce enough energy to function properly most likely has a problem with its mitochondria.
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The solutions in the two arms of this U-tube are separated by a membrane that is permeable to water and glucose but not to sucrose. Side A is half-filled with a solution of 2 M sucrose and 1 M glucose. Side B is half-filled with 1 M sucrose and 2 M glucose. Initially, the liquid levels on both sides are equal. 59) Initially, in terms of tonicity, the solution in side A with respect to that in side B is A) hypotonic. B) plasmolyzed. C) isotonic. D) saturated. E) hypertonic.
Initially, in terms of tonicity, the solution in side A with respect to that in side B is isotonic.
A solution is considered to be isotonic if it possesses the same osmolarity, or level of solute concentration, as another solution. When these two solutions are placed on either side of a membrane that is only partially permeable to water, water will flow in an equal amount from one solution into the other. The result is that there is no water flow at all between the two solutions, despite the fact that water is travelling in both directions.A solution is considered hypotonic when it has a lower level of solute concentration in comparison to another solution.A solution is considered hypertonic when it has higher osmolarity compared to another solution.
In the given questions, the solution in the two arms of the U- tube has the same osmolarity and therefore is isotonic.
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A woman who is heterozygous for the x-linked, recessive hemophilia allele mates with a man who does not have hemophilia. which of the possible offspring will have hemophilia?
If a mother is heterozygous (a carrier) for hemophilia and the father does not have hemophilia, each son has a 1 in 2 (50%) chance of getting his mother's hemophilia allele and having hemophilia. Each daughter has 1 in 2 (50%) chance of getting her mother's hemophilia allele and being heterozygous.
If one female is heterozygous for the hemophilia trait and is considered a carrier. One male receives a damaged X-chromosome and inherits the condition known as hemophilia. If a man does not have hemophilia, he will have a non-hemophilia allele on his X chromosome which in this case would be "H". The mans genotype would be "XHY". Man with hemophilia will have XhY genotype since it is an recessive disorder .
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Integrated Pharmacodynamic Analysis Identifies Two Metabolic Adaption Pathways to Metformin in Breast Cancer
Two tumor groups are identified with distinct metabolic responses, an OXPHOS transcriptional response (OTR) group for which there is an increase in OXPHOS gene transcription and an FDG response group with increased 18-FDG uptake.
What is Pharmacodynamics ?Pharmacodynamics is the study of a drug's molecular, biochemical, and physiologic effects or actions. It comes from the Greek words "pharmakon," meaning "drug," and "dynamikos," meaning "power."
Think of pharmacokinetics as a drug's journey through the body, during which it passes through four different phases: absorption, distribution, metabolism, and excretion (ADME).It help us understand how drugs behave in the body and how the body reacts to drugs, respectively.Learn more about Pharmacodynamics here:
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The group of vascular disorders that are marked by blood vessel necrosis and inflammatory injury is the:________
The group of vascular disorders that are marked by blood vessel necrosis and inflammatory injury is Cutaneous necrotizing vasculitis.
Vasculitis involves inflammation of the blood vessels. The inflammation can cause the walls of the blood vessels to thicken, which reduces the width of the passageway through the vessel. If blood flow is restricted, it can result in organ and tissue damage. There are many types of vasculitis, and most of them are rare.
Cutaneous necrotizing vasculitis is a not uncommon disorder characterized by an inflammation of the blood vessel walls and skin lesions. These skin lesions may be flat and red (macules), nodules, or more substantial hemorrhages under the skin (purpura).
Colchicine, hydroxychloroquine, dapsone, or a short course of low-dose corticosteroids can be tried. Sometimes, stronger immunosuppressants (eg, azathioprine, methotrexate) are used, particularly if lesions ulcerate or if corticosteroids must be taken indefinitely to control symptoms.
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Crayfish have a body cavity completely lined with tissue derived from mesoderm tissue. This makes them
Answer: this makes them coelomates
Both chorionic villus sampling and amniocentesis collect fetal cell samples from the pregnant mother. However, during _____, a needle is passed through the abdomen and uterine walls to collect the samples; and during _____, a suction tube is inserted through the vagina into the uterus to collect the samples.
Both chorionic villus sampling and amniocentesis collect fetal cell samples from the pregnant mother. However, during amniocentesis, a needle is passed through the abdomen and uterine walls to collect the samples; and during chorionic villus sampling, a suction tube is inserted through the vagina into the uterus to collect the samples.
Chorionic villus sampling (CVS) is a prenatal test in which a sample of chorionic villi is taken from the placenta for testing. This is done by taking a sample from the cervix (transcervical) or the abdominal wall (transabdominal). Amniocentesis is a process in which amniotic fluid is extracted from the uterus and then testing or treatment. This is the fluid that surrounds the fetus in a pregnant woman. Amniotic fluid is a clear, pale yellow fluid. It protects the fetus from injury and also against infection.
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In respect to hemoglobin, how would you suspect that carbon monoxide leads to hypoxic tissue injuries and eventually death?
Inhaling carbon monoxide replaces some of the regular oxygen intake as it passes through the lungs.
When carbon monoxide interacts and binds with hemoglobin in the blood to generate carboxyhemoglobin, carbon monoxide poisoning ensues (COHb). Less oxygen is transferred to bodily tissues and key organs including the brain and heart when carbon monoxide binds to hemoglobin.Inhaling carbon monoxide replaces some of the regular oxygen intake as it passes through the lungs. Due to its stronger affinity for hemoglobin, carbon monoxide is replace oxygen on the protein. When important organs like the brain or heart are affected by hypoxia, which is caused by less oxygen reaching your tissues, this results in death.learn more about carbon monoxide here: https://brainly.com/question/21499818
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Why is the copernican revolution significant? select three options. few advancements in scientific knowledge were made. scientists discovered new evidence to support their theories. scientists discovered that old interpretations of data was incorrect. scientists used observations and mathematical data to solve problems in new ways. all theories developed during the time period were disproved by modern science.
The Copernican revolution was significant because of:
Few advancements in scientific knowledge were made. Scientists discovered new evidence to support their theories. Scientists used observations and mathematical data to solve problems in new ways. What is Copernican revolution?This is known as as a paradigm shift which depicts change of a revolution which is usually from a geocentric, Earth centered view of the system to a heliocentric - Sun centered aspect.This is because of the discovery of the Sun as the central object in the solar system.
This helped scientist to make new findings thereby providing evidences which helped support their various theory. The observations and different types of data derived from this type of revolution were also used mostly by scientists to solve problems which is why the aforementioned options are most appropriate.
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Answer:
B. Scientists discovered new evidence to support their theories.
C. Scientists discovered that old interpretations of data was incorrect.
D. Scientists used observations and mathematical data to solve problems in new ways.
Explanation:
Edge 2022
Which information can be used to determine an atom's identity?
Counting the number of electrons
Counting the number of electrons
Counting both neutrons and electrons
Counting both neutrons and electrons
Counting the number of neutrons
Counting the number of neutrons
Counting the number of protons
The information that can be used to determine an atom's identity is the number of protons.
What is the proton number?The proton number of an atom is the number of positively charged particles in the core of the atom.
The number of protons is always equal to the number of electrons for every neutral atom.
Thus, the proton number is the primary characteristic that can be used to determine the identity of an element.
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For bacteria that sporulate, what is the point of sporulation? microbiology
Answer:
Sporulation. Sporulation is a drastic response undertaken by some bacteria, mostly Firmicutes, in response to extreme stress. During sporulation, the growing cell (also referred to as a vegetative cell) will forego normal cellular division to instead form an endospore.
Imagine that a company is planning to build a new factory in your region that will provide hundreds of well-paid jobs, but will cause minor amounts of air pollution within a two-mile radius. Answer the following questions: How would you rate your support for the factory if you lived 50 miles away from its planned location? How would you rate your support for the factory if you only lived one mile away from its planned location? Explain any differences between your answers.
I'm aware that well-paying jobs would be beneficial to a large number of people, and a tiny bit of air pollution in a restricted region seems like a modest price to pay for employment opportunities. Therefore, if I lived 50 miles away from the proposed industrial location, I would be in favor of the project. However, if I merely lived a mile from the proposed facility, I could be concerned due to potential negative health consequences, offensive odors, and a likely drop in property values. If I merely lived a mile from the factory's proposed location, I would oppose it in light of these worries.
The inner surface of the eyelids and the exposed surface of the eye itself are covered by:_______
The inner surface of the eyelids and the exposed surface of the eye itself are covered by Conjunctiva. The conjunctiva is a transparent mucous membrane that lines the inner surface of the eyelids and the anterior surface of the sclera. The sclera, or white of the eye, is strong tissue that wraps around the eyeball. It helps maintain your eyeball's shape and protects it from injury.
The ciliary body is the tissue which covers the inner part of the anterior segment of the eye coating. It is composed of the ciliary muscle and processes. On the surface of the ciliary body is the black ciliary epithelium, which produces the aqueous humors.
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A scientist is using a karyotype to investigate a mutation in an organism. Which type of mutation would a karyotype best help to discover
Nondisjunction mutation is the type of mutation that would a karyotype best help to discover when a scientist is using a karyotype to investigate a mutation in an organism.
An individual's entire set of chromosomes is known as their karyotype.
This can also be used to describe a lab-made representation of a person's chromosomes split from one cell and arranged in numerical order.
A karyotype can be used to check for chromosomal numbers or structural problems.
The missegregation of a homologous pair of chromosomes during meiosis is known as nondisjunction.
A new cell with an excessive amount of genetic material is created as a result. This kind of chromosomal mutation leads to a multitude of clinical problems.
An important example is Down's syndrome.
Trisomy of autosomes, or chromosome 21, is the cause of Down's syndrome.
Only one percent of instances had mosaicism along with Down's syndrome.
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Carbohydrates are used by the body primarily for?
Answer:
Glucose
Explanation:
Glucose is the main sugar found in your blood. It comes from the food you eat, and is your body's main source of energy. Your blood carries glucose to all of your body's cells to use for energy.
Multiple sclerosis is a type IV hypersensitivity disease in which cytotoxic T cells attack the myelin sheath of neurons. a neurological disease due to the accumulation of immune complexes in nerves. a type II hypersensitivity to the myelin of neurons. the formation of antibodies against transplanted tissue. a genetic birth defect of the nervous system.
Multiple sclerosis is a type IV hypersensitivity disease in which the cytotoxic T cells attack the myelin sheath of neurons.
Multiple sclerosis
The type IV hypersensitivity that affects the central nervous system is multiple sclerosis. The immune system of the body attacks the myelinated neurons which in turn results in the failure of delivering messages from the brain to various body parts. The disease can generally result in the permanent damage of various neurons in the body. The T cells attack the myelin sheath of the neurons in the central nervous system.
Symptoms of Multiple Sclerosis
The symptoms are depended on how much the nerves were damaged already. Some common symptoms include
Loss of the ability to walkNumbness in the limbsThe sensation of receiving an electric shockTremorVarious vision problemsSlurred speechFatigueUncontrolled sexual, bowel, and bladder functionsTreatment
Unfortunately, there is no treatment available for multiple sclerosis, and many patients often relapse and possibly develop a cycle of relapse and remission.
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Fossil evidence has been used to understand the movement of continental plates. A particular species of animal originated in Asia during the Cretaceous period. It was able to spread across touching landmasses, but not across oceans. Predict which of the following could be true of its fossils, using the figure below.
Mesosaurus
They have been not able to spread easily across land because it better adapted the environment and stayed there in water.
What are Mesosaurus ?These creatures were ancient lizards that looked a bit like small crocodiles, with narrow heads and long tails. They had webbed feet and grew to about 1 meter long
The Mesosaurus might have gone extinct by the end of the Early Permian period. As their fossils were discovered on both sides of the Atlantic Ocean, the species must have become extinct due to continental drift.They propelled themselves by mianly moving the large fin on their tail in a side to side motion. Mosasaurs were also covered in smooth scales which were very dark in color.Learn more about Mesosaurus here:
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Besides chemical buffers and renal function, what other mechanism regulates the pH of the internal environment
Besides chemical buffers and renal function, Respiratory system regulates the pH of the internal environment.
The three key processes the body employs to control pH are as follows. The first line of defense is a chemical buffer, followed by the respiratory system and, finally, the renal system. Together, these three systems help to maintain the body's pH within that certain range.Compounds that substitute weaker acids or bases for stronger ones. They aid organisms in keeping the pH of bodily fluids within the limited range required for survival by reducing broad pH changes (usually pH 6-8).The bicarbonate buffer mechanism in the respiratory system keeps the blood's pH stable. The equation above shifts to the left because it is in balance as the pH of the blood lowers and the concentration of hydrogen ions in the blood increases.learn more about pH of the internal environment here: https://brainly.com/question/1596662
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Which statement is true about visible light from the sun?
Group of answer choices
a.)it is only a small part of the electromagnetic spectrum of wavelengths
b.)it is the largest part of the electromagnetic spectrum of waves
c.)all other wavelengths on the electromagnetic spectrum are part of visible light
The answer choice which is true about visible light is it is only a small part of the electromagnetic spectrum of wavelengths
What is visible light?Visible light is that portion of electromagnetic spectrum which is visible to the human eye
So therefore, the answer choice which is true about visible light is it is only a small part of the electromagnetic spectrum of wavelengths.
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Subduction occurs when
Answer:
Subduction occurs when an oceanic plate runs into a continental plate and slides beneath it.
Explanation:
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Number and laminar distribution of neurons in a thalamocortical projection column of rat vibrissal cortex.
The quantity and arrangement of NeuN-positive neurons in the C2, D2, and D3 TC projection columns in the P27 rat somatosensory barrel cortex based on a thorough identification of neurons in a thalamocortical projection column of rat vibrissal cortex.
The main sources of cortical activity in sensory areas5 and associative brain areas, like the frontal cortex10–12, are thalamocortical projections. There are approximately 40 nuclei in the thalamus4,13,14, and each one innervates a unique combination of cortical regions.
Thalamocortical radiations, also known as thalamocortical fibers, serve as functional relays transmitting sensory or motor information from the thalamus to various regions of the cerebral cortex. Thalamocortical radiations are parallel channels that connect particular thalamic nuclei with particular cortical regions. In individuals with psychosis, there are two unique patterns of thalamocortical connection.
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WHAT IS CELLULAR COMPONENTS CHARACTERISATION