The variables that might affect the investigation while dissolving different masses of salt are temperature and mass of the salt.
In the provided investigation, what are the independent and dependent variables?A variable that changed during the inquiry is regarded as an independent variable and is called "mass of salt dissolved in water." While the investigation's dependent variable, "boiling point of salt solution," is a variable that was monitored.
What are variables in a laboratory?There are numerous things that can be changed to see how they affect other things. Variables are the changeable quantities. Any element, character trait, or condition that can exist in a variety of forms or concentrations is a variable. Independent, dependent, and controlled variables are the three types of variables that often make up an experiment.
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Neera and Tom dissolved different masses of salt in 500 cm3 of water.
They measured the temperature at which each salt solution boiled.
(a) They wrote down the variables that might affect the investigation.
temperature of the laboratorymass of salt dissolved in waterstarting temperature of the waterboiling point of salt solutionvolume of watertype of salt used(i) What is the independent variable (the variable they changed) in
their investigation?
(ii) What is the dependent variable (the variable they measured) in
their investigation?
(iii) Which variable above would affect the experiment the least?
A classroom has one triple-beam balance. To complete an experiment, each student must use the balance for 6 minutes. The class meets for 1 hour. How many students can participate in the experiment?
As the class is of 1 hour and and each student uses for 6 minutes so in 1 hour 10 students will use the balance.
What is a balance?
A scale or balance is a device used to measure weight or mass. These are also known as mass scales, weight scales, mass balances, and weight balances.
The traditional scale consists of two plates or bowls suspended at equal distances from a fulcrum. One plate holds an object of unknown mass (or weight), while known masses are added to the other plate until static equilibrium is achieved and the plates level off, which happens when the masses on the two plates are equal.
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_____ molecules are always synthetic.
A synthetic ingredient is a substance that has been synthesized in a lab using different chemical procedures. Its goal is to mimic a natural chemical to duplicate its structure and, consequently, its fragrance.
What is synthetic ingredient?In most cases, it refers to a naturally occurring substance, like hyaluronic acid, which was formerly extracted from animals and has now been molecularly copied in a laboratory to provide the same results. Not everything that is manufactured or chemical is inherently harmful to you. Although not all synthetic cosmetic components are the same, some have been proven to be toxic, accumulate in the body over time, and have been associated with cancer as well as irritations of the skin and mucous membranes.
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which of the following decreases with increasing atomic number in group 2
Answer: Ionization energy
Explanation:
Your welcome
Form a group and discuss the possible reasons why EA, is a positive quantity for oxygen atom.
Answer:
Possible reasons why EA, or electronegativity, is a positive quantity for oxygen atom include:
Explanation:
I need help in this please
it reflects back into the glass with a 45 degree angle of reflection.
What is refraction?The direction of the light changes as it passes through the air-water barrier. Refraction is the name for this phenomenon. Filling a glass with water and inserting a straw will make it simple to see. It will seem as though the straw is shattered.
Because light travels at a different speed in air and water, refraction takes place. The electromagnetic properties of a specific medium, which differ for air and water, determine the speed at which a light wave propagates in that medium. The speed of light in the air is very near to the vacuum's speed of light, which is 3*108 m/s. The speed of light is slower underwater. Consequently, The direction of the light changes as it passes through the air-water barrier. Refraction is the name for this phenomenon. Filling a glass with water and inserting a straw will make it simple to see. It will seem as though the straw is shattered.
A form of break occurs in the wavefront of propagating light when it encounters the air-water barrier, causing the ray of light to diverge from its original path. (Please go to the reference link for a more thorough explanation and instructions on how to calculate the light's refraction angle.)
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list five examples of acidic oxides
8 acidic oxides, take your pick <3
Aluminium oxide.
Silicon dioxide.
Phosphorus oxides.
Sulfur oxides.
Chlorine oxides.
Iron oxides.
Chromium oxides.
Vanadium oxides
1.5 billion plastic bottles are bought world-wide each day. These bottles are about 9.8 inches in length (1 meter = 3.28 ft). If the Earth's diameter is about 40,000 km at the equator, how many times could you encircle the Earth with the bottles laid end to end?
Hint: Your DA table should have 5 conversion factors
The number of times 1.5 billion plastic bottles laid end to end could encircle the Earth would be 9.34 times.
Dimensional analysisSize of bottle = 9.8 inches
1 foot = 12 inches
Size of 9.8 inches bottles in foot = 0.8167 ft
Also, 3.28 ft = 1 meter
0.8167 ft = 0.8167x1/3.28
= 0.2490 meter
1000 meter = 1 km
0.2490 meter = 0.2490/1000
= 0.000249 km
Total number of bottles = 1.5 billion
Total length of 1.5 billion bottles laid end to end in kilometers = 1,500,000,000 x 0.000249 = 373,500 km
Number of times the bottle could encircle the earth = 373,500/40000
= 9.34 times
Thus, 1.5 billion plastic bottles would encircle the Earth about 9.34 times if laid end to end.
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What mass of ammonium sulfate contains 4.43 x 1024 oxygen atoms?
Answer:
The mass of ammonium sulfate would be 8.86 x 1024 grams.
Explanation:
Ammonium sulfate is composed of four atoms of oxygen (O) and two atoms of nitrogen (N). Therefore, 4.43 x 1024 oxygen atoms would require 8.86 x 1024 grams of ammonium sulfate.
Ammonium sulfate is an inorganic compound composed of two nitrogen atoms (N) and four oxygen atoms (O). The molecular formula for ammonium sulfate is (NH4)2SO4.
This means that for every two nitrogen atoms, there are four oxygen atoms. Therefore, for 4.43 x 1024 oxygen atoms, there would be 8.86 x 1024 grams of ammonium sulfate required.
S + 6 HNO3 → H2SO4 + 6 NO2 + 2 H2O
In the above equation, how many grams of water can be made when 12.1 moles of HNO3 are consumed?
Round your answer to the nearest tenth. If you answer is a whole number like 4, report the answer as 4.0
Use the following molar masses. If you do not use these masses, the computer will mark your answer incorrect.:
Element Molar Mass
Hydrogen 1
Nitrogen 14
Sulfur 32
Oxygen 16
The amount, in grams, of water that can be made when 12.1 moles of [tex]HNO_3[/tex] are consumed would be 72.54 grams.
Stoichiometric problemFrom the balanced equation of the reaction, the mole ratio of [tex]HNO_3[/tex] to water is 3:1.
This means that for every 3 moles of [tex]HNO_3[/tex], 1 mole of water will be produced.
3 mole [tex]HNO_3[/tex] = 1 mole water
12.1 moles HNO3 = 12.1x1/3
= 4.03 mol
Recall that: mass = mole x molar mass
The molar mass of water is 18 g/mol
Thus, the mass of 4.03 mol of water = 4.03 x 18 = 72.54 grams
In other words, going by the equation of the reaction, the mass of water that can be made when 12.1 moles of [tex]HNO_3[/tex] are consumed would be 72.54 grams.
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A fluid flowing in a pipe has 1.05 in diameter. If the fluid has density, viscosity and
volumetric flow rate are 62.3 , 1.2 cP and 35 gpm respectively. Calculate: 3
a) The velocity.
b) Reynolds number ()
[2]- Find the following
a) Drive an expression to find a pressure of methane gas at point B b) If the temperature of methane is 100 F, Calculate pressure of
methane gas at point B.
c) Calculate pressure of oil at point C.
PA = 1, 000 psig
[3]- If the water is pumped down one well and the displaced oil which flows up through well exit (see the fig below), drive an expression to find a pressure of inlet water Pw needed to displace oil when the water/oil interfacial tension σ is applied.
Velocity is a vector quantity that describes the rate and direction of an object's motion.
a) The velocity of the fluid:
V = 35 gpm / (π * (1.05 in)^2 / 4) = 7.09 ft/s
b) Reynolds number:
Re = (62.3 lbm/ft^3 * 7.09 ft/s * 1.05 in) / (1.2 cP) = 4,211.9
[2]- a) Expression to find pressure of methane gas at point B:
PB = PA + rgh
b) Pressure of methane gas at point B:
PB = 1,000 psig + (0.072 lbm/ft^3 * 32.2 ft * 0.0689 psia/ft) = 1,233.5 psig
c) Pressure of oil at point C:
PC = PB - 0.433 psia/ft * 32.2 ft = 1,093.3 psig
[3]- Expression to find pressure of inlet water Pw needed to displace oil:
Pw = PC + (σ / r) * (h2 - h1)
Pw = 1,093.3 psig + (σ / 0.072 lbm/ft^3) * (32.2 ft - 0 ft) = 1,093.3 psig + (σ / 0.072 lbm/ft^3) * 32.2 ft.
What is velocity?
Velocity is a vector quantity that describes the rate and direction of an object's motion. It is commonly represented by the symbol 'v' and is measured in meters per second (m/s). Velocity includes both the speed and the direction of the object. For example, if an object is moving north at 10 m/s, its velocity would be 10 m/s north. Velocity can also be determined by taking the derivative of the position function with respect to time.
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The graph below shows the average number of sunspots seen between 1610 and 2009.
Based on the graph, which of these conclusions is most likely correct?
The global climate was colder than normal from 1650 to 1700.
The global climate was colder than normal from 1950 to 2000.
The global climate was hotter than normal from 1630 to 1650.
The global climate was hotter than normal from 1900 to 1930.
The global climate was colder than normal from 1650 to 1700. This conclusion is most likely correct. Therefore, option A is correct.
What is global climate ?Global climate refers to how heat and precipitation are distributed over a lengthy period of time on Earth's surface. The average temperature of the planet is kept at roughly 60°F (16°C) by heat from the sun, which is within the range required for biological life and the preservation of the planet's liquid water reserves.
Global climate change is the collective term for all the Earth's average long-term changes. Along with changing precipitation patterns and higher temperatures, these also include the consequences of global warming, such as: rising sea levels alpine glaciers are thinning.
Thus, option A is correct.
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Your question is incomplete probably your question was
The graph below shows the averaged sunspots from 1610 to 2007. The graph shows sunspot number on the y axis and years 1600, 1650, 1700, 1750, 1800, 1850, 1900, 1950, and 2000 on the x axis. The graph rises and falls in a cyclic order in gaps of approximately 10 years. The number of sunspots observed in 1610 was 40, in 1650 it was 5, in 1700 it was 10, in 1750 it was 90 and the number of sunspots in 1800 was 50. The number of sunspots observed in 1850 was 130 and the number of sunspots in 1900 was 10. The number of sunspots observed in 1950 was 150 and the number of sunspots observed in 2000 was 30. Based on the graph, which of these conclusions is correct? Some of the previously warm regions became colder from 1650 to 1700. Some of the previously cold regions became warmer from 1600 to 1700. Some of the previously warm regions became warmer from 1610 to 1700. Some of the previously cold regions became colder from 1900 to 1950.
What is the molecular weight of MgCl2
The molecular weight of MgCl₂ is 94 g/mol.
What is molecular weight?This refers to the total mass of a compound. It is equivalent to the sum of the individual atomic masses of each atom in the molecule.
Steps to determine the molecular formula of the molecule.
Determine the atomic mass of each element in the molecule.Multiply each element's atomic mass by the number of atoms of that element in the molecule. This number is represented by the subscript next to the element symbol in the molecular formula.Add these values together for each different atom in the molecule.The total will be the molecular mass of the compound.Atomic number of Cl =17
Atomic number of Mg = 12
Mass number of Cl = 35
Mass number of Mg = 24
Calculating the molecular weight of MgCl₂
MgCl₂
=(12* 2) + (35*2)
= 24 + 70
= 94 g/mol.
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(NEED HELP ASAP)
Match the action to the effect on the equilibrium position for the reaction N2(g) + 3H2(g) ⇌ 2NH3(g). (3 points)
1.
Adding a catalyst
2.
Removing hydrogen gas
3.
Increasing the pressure
a.
Shift to the right
b.
Shift to the left
c.
No effect
For the given reaction, according to Le -Chatlier principle adding a catalyst will bring the reaction to the right. Removing the hydrogen gas shift the equilibrium to the left and increasing pressure also shift to right.
What is Le -Chatlier principle ?According to this principle, when some a disorder is affecting the equilibrium of the system. The system balanced the factors which created the disorder and make a new equilibrium.
A catalyst always helps to proceed the reaction in the forward direction. Thus adding a catalyst shift the equilibrium to the right.
If any reactant or produced is removed from the system, the system shifts to the equilibrium to that direction in which they are producing. Removing hydrogen gas will then shift the reaction to the right to produce more hydrogen.
Increasing pressure shift the equilibrium to those direction in which the number of number of moles of gases decreases. Hence, the reaction shifts to the right here.
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Which of these is an example of a physical property?
A. Chlorine oxidizes bacterial cells.
B. Chlorine gas is yellow-green in color.
C. Chlorofluorocarbons (CFC's) react with ozone (O₂).
D. Potassium ignites when placed in water.
Answer:
B. Chlorine gas is yellow-green in color.
2. The nonmetals in the Groups 16 and 17________
a) lose electrons when they form ions
b) gain electrons making them an anion
c) all have ions with a -1 charge
d) end in -ate
All of the ions in groupings 16 and 17 of nonmetals have a charge of -1. Spontaneous non-metals include brittle both thermally & electrically insensitive compounds.
What other names do non-metals have?Non-metals are elements that frequently gain electrons during chemical processes to generate anions. These substances are electronegative ones. They lack luster, are fragile, and are poor heat- and electricity-conductors (except graphite). Non-metals come in solid, liquid, or gaseous forms.
What 20 nonmetals are there?Lithium, Beryllium, Sodium, Mg, Aluminum, Potassium, & Calcium are the minerals within the first twenty elements. Hydrocarbons, Helium, Carbo, Nitrogen, Oxygen, Hydrochloric acid, Neon, Phosphorous, Sulphur, Chlorinated, and Argon now comprise the non-metals that comprise the first twenty elements.
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Which of these is an example of a physical property?
A. Potassium ignites when placed in water.
B. Iron melts at 1,535 °C.
C. Hydrogen combines with oxygen to form water.
D. Chlorine oxidizes bacterial cells.
Answer: B is correct.
Explanation:
Answer A is a chemical change because of intense changes of color and expansion.
Answer C is a chemical change, as hydrogen and water are chemically bonding together.
Answer D is a chemical change because oxidation involves loss of electrons during a chemical reaction.
On the other hand, melting is a physical change. Therefore, answer B is the correct answer.
Which statement about the elements in Group 0 is correct?
Tick () one box.
A. All elements in the group are very reactive.
B. All elements in the group form negative ions.
C. The boiling points increase down the group.
D. The relative atomic masses (Ar) decrease down the group.
The boiling points increase down the group.Thus, option C is the answer.
Group 0, also known as the noble gases, is a group of chemical elements in the periodic table. These elements are all characterized by having a full valence shell of electrons, which gives them little tendency to gain or lose electrons and makes them generally unreactive. As a result, the elements in Group 0 are not very reactive and do not form many compounds.
The boiling points of the elements in Group 0 generally increase as you go down the group. This trend is due to the increasing atomic radius of the elements as you go down the group. The larger the atomic radius, the more space there is between the atoms in a substance, and the more energy is required to overcome the attractive forces between the atoms. This results in a higher boiling point.
In contrast, the relative atomic masses (Ar) of the elements in Group 0 generally decrease as you go down the group. This is because the atomic radius increases as you go down the group, but the number of protons in the nucleus (and therefore the atomic mass) does not change significantly. As a result, the relative atomic mass decreases as the atomic radius increases.
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What is a flame test used for?
A. To identify an unknown sample by its emission spectrum
B. To determine the ionization energies of electrons
C. To remove impurities from a sample through burning
D. To identify an unknown sample by its melting point
The flame test used for to identify an unknown sample by its emission spectrum
What is the purpose of a flame test?A metal or metalloid ion discovered in an ionic compound can be identified, or at least its potential identification, using the flame test, a qualitative chemical test. It's possible for the compound to emit a distinctive colour that may be seen with the unaided eye if it's placed in a gas burner's flame. To determine whether metal and metalloid ions are present in the sample, chemists employ a qualitative examination known as a flame test. The metal ions heated in the gas burner don't all produce colour. The quickest and most straightforward method for determining whether group 1 metal ions are present in the chemical is a flame test. A wire or wooden splint is dipped into a sample solution or coated with the substance to be tested.To learn more about flame test refers to:
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Answer: to identify an unknown sample by its emission spectrum
Explanation:
Please help!!
See attachment
In KClO3, the proportions of K, Cl, and O are 31.9%, 28.9%, and 39.1%, respectively.
KClO3: Is it an acid or a base?There are three ways to define bases and acids. A strong base and a strong acid, respectively, called KOH K O H and HClO3 H C l O 3, react to form KClO3 K C l O 3, a salt.
Who or what is KClO3?A powerful oxidising agent with several applications is potassium chlorate (KClO3). It is or has formerly been a part of fireworks, explosives, safety matches, and disinfectants. The disproportionation of sodium hypochlorite results in the formation of sodium chloride and sodium chlorate initially.
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What is the empirical formula of a compound consisting of 48.64% C, 8.16% H, and 43.20% O by mass? Assume 100.0g total of unknown compound.
Answer:
empirical formula of the compound is CH2O
Explanation:
Which of these is an example of a physical property?
A. Iron combines with oxygen to rust.
B. Potassium reacts in water to form a base.
C. Sodium metal is soft and malleable.
D. Sodium ignites when placed in water.
Option C. Sodium metal is soft and malleable is an example of a physical property.
What is a physical property?A physical property can be defined as any feature of a substance that can be really observed and also measured without changing its chemical composition such as for example, the color, density of a metal, boiling point, conductivity, etc.
Therefore, with this data, we can see that physical properties have a significant impact on the performance and use of a given chemical product and they are associated with intrinsic features of the chemical material that forms molecules.
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Which of the following statements is/are incorrect regarding dilution of concentrated sulphuric acid?
Answer:
Option d) 3 only is the right answer
Calculate the osmotic pressure of 5 % glucose solution and the osmotic pressure of 0.2 %, 0.9 % and 10 % sodium chloride solutions on the base of Van’t Hoff’s law (d = 1.1 g/ml for 10 % NaCl).
Based on Van't Hoff's law, the osmotic pressure of 5% glucose solution with 0.2%, 0.9%, and 10% sodium chloride solutions is 0821 liter atm K1mol1).
What is the osmotic pressure Van t Hoff law?Boyle, Van't Hoff The rule of solution: In a delute solution, the osmotic pressure () is directly proportional to the molar concentration (C) or inversely proportional to the volume (V) of the solution at constant temperature. Reason: C but C = Vn.
What does class 12 osmotic pressure formula mean?Pi=iMRT is the formula for osmotic pressure. The osmotic pressure increases with a solution's concentration (M) or temperature (T).
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Hydrogen gas is produced when we
metal with hydrochloric acid:
react magnesium
Mg(s) + 2 HCI(aq) - MgCl(aq) + H2(g) 7z
(a) If 4.50 g of hydrogen gas is collected at STP, what
volume of hydrogen does
this represent?
(b) If 0.52 mol of magnesium completely reacted, what
amount of hydrogen gas (in moles) would be produced
at STP? How many grams of hydrogen iS this?
Magnesium is a metal that reacts quickly. The reaction with hydrochloric acid will result in the production of magnesium chloride and hydrogen gas.
How much hydrogen is generated by the reaction at STP?Molecules, pressure, and temperature were necessary to determine the gas's volume. We only need to determine the moles of hydrogen because temperature and pressure have already been provided. As a result, 16.8 L of hydrogen were created at STP by dissolving 13.5 g of aluminum in sulfuric acid.
How much hydrochloric acid must be present for 0.50 mol of magnesium to react?The chemistry is described below. According to the aforementioned reaction, 1 mole of magnesium and 2 moles of HCl are involved. The HCl moles are therefore 20.50mol=1mol 2 0.50 m o.
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A sample of helium was compressed at 35 °C from a volume of 0.5 L to 0.25 L where the pressure is 500 mmHg. What was the original pressure?
Answer:
The ideal gas law is a formula that relates the pressure, volume, temperature, and number of moles of a gas. It can be expressed as:
PV = nRT
where P is the pressure of the gas, V is the volume of the gas, n is the number of moles of the gas, R is the gas constant, and T is the temperature in Kelvin.
Since the number of moles and the temperature are constant in this problem, we can rearrange the formula to solve for the pressure:
P = (nRT) / V
Plugging in the known values, we get:
P = (nRT) / V
= (n * R * (35 + 273)) / 0.25 L
= (n * R * 308 K) / 0.25 L
We are given that the pressure is 500 mmHg and the volume is 0.25 L at this pressure, so we can set these equal:
500 mmHg = (n * R * 308 K) / 0.25 L
Solving for n, we get:
n = (500 mmHg * 0.25 L) / (R * 308 K)
We know that the pressure and volume of the gas at its original state are what we are trying to solve for. Let's call the original pressure P_0 and the original volume V_0. We can then express the relationship between the original and final state of the gas as:
P_0 * V_0 = n * R * T
Substituting the expression we found for n and the known values, we get:
P_0 * V_0 = ((500 mmHg * 0.25 L) / (R * 308 K)) * R * 308 K
Solving for P_0, we get:
P_0 = (500 mmHg * 0.25 L) / (R * 308 K) * (R * 308 K) / V_0
= (500 mmHg * 0.25 L) / (V_0)
Since V_0 = 0.5 L, we can substitute this value to get:
P_0 = (500 mmHg * 0.25 L) / (0.5 L)
= 500 mmHg / 2
= 250 mmHg
Therefore, the original pressure of the gas was 250 mmHg.
Please show all of your work, I need to understand all steps:
A student collected time (t) and concentration ([A]) data at
295 K for the reaction 2A→B. These time and concentration data are shown in the table to the right. The student then plotted graphs of [A] versus t (Figure 1) , ln[A] versus t (Figure 2) , and 1/[A] versus t (Figure 3) .
Figure 1:
t (s) (A)(M) ln(A) 1/ (A)
0.00 0.500 −0.693 2.00
20.0 0.389 −0.944 2.57
40.0 0.303 −1.19 3.30
60.0 0.236 −1.44 4.24
80.0 0.184 −1.69 5.43
i.) What is the rate of the reaction?
ii.) What is the value of the rate constant for this reaction?
iii.)
Next, the student ran the same reaction at a different temperature and measured a different reaction rate, with the following results:
T(K) k(s-1)
295 0.0125
325 0.0357
What is the activation energy of this reaction?
Express your answer to three significant figures and include the appropriate units.
Answer:
a because the x and y value is the same
Constant Volume
A 10.0L sample of gas in a rigid container at 1.00 atom and 200K is heated to
800K. Assuming that volume remains constant, what is the new pressure of the gas?
After
Can someone help me please
According to the question the new pressure of the gas is: 6.5512 kPa
What is pressure?
Pressure is the force applied to a surface divided by the area of the surface on which the force is applied. It is measured in units of force per unit area, such as pounds per square inch (psi) or pascals (Pa). Pressure can be caused by a variety of factors, such as the weight of air, the weight of a liquid, or the force of a gas. Pressure is an important concept in many fields, including physics, engineering, and chemistry.
The ideal gas law can be used to determine the gas's new pressure:
PV = nRT
where R is the universal gas constant, n is the number of moles, P is the pressure, V is the volume, and T is the temperature.
We know that V = 10.0L, n = 1.00 mole, R = 8.314 J/molK, and T = 800K.
As a result, the gas's new pressure is:
P = (1.00 mol * 8.314 J/molK * 800K) / 10.0L = 6.5512 kPa
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What's the lewis structure of NO3- and O3?
I end up finding the apparently wrong ones for both, and am probably missing out on an important notion.
The lewis structure of NO₃⁻ is trigonal planar and the Lewis structure of ozone (O₃) has a resonance form.
What are Lewis structures?Lewis structures which are also often referred to as Lewis dot formulas, Lewis dot structures, electron dot structures, or Lewis electron dot structures, depict the interactions between the atoms in a molecule as well as any lone pairs of electrons that may be present.
NO₃⁻ has a trigonal planar Lewis structure. It has one nitrogen atom, three oxygen atoms, and covalent bonds holding the three oxygen atoms together. The sp² hybridization of the nitrogen atom gives NO₃⁻- its trigonal planar structure.
Three oxygen atoms make up the oxygen allotrope known as ozone (O₃). One double bond and one single bond make up the Lewis structure of ozone. Additionally, two oxygen atoms in the Lewis structure of O3 carry charges.
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An atom of carbon and an atom of element Z together have a mass of 6 amu less than double
the mass of an atom of oxygen. If an atom of oxygen has a mass of 16 amu and the mass of an
atom of carbon is 12 amu, what is the mass of an atom of element Z?
The mass of an atom of element Z is 4 amu. This can be determined by subtracting the mass of an atom of carbon (12 amu) and an atom of oxygen (16 amu) from double the mass of an atom of oxygen (32 amu). 32 amu - 12 amu - 16 amu = 4 amu.
What is atom of carbon?An atom of carbon is a basic building block of all organic materials. It is the 6th element in the periodic table and has an atomic number of 6. Carbon atoms have 6 protons and 6 neutrons, and have a valence of 4. This means that carbon atoms can form four bonds with other atoms. Carbon is the basis of all life on Earth, as it is essential for the formation of proteins, fatty acids, and other molecules necessary for life. Carbon atoms have the ability to form a wide variety of molecules with different properties, which makes them highly versatile and important in many different fields, such as medicine and engineering. Carbon is a non-metal, but can behave like a metal in certain circumstances. It is also the basis of the fossil fuels that power our society.
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For the reaction H2(g) +O2(g) — H2O (g) how many liters of water can be made from 5 L of oxygen gas at 37.0 Celsius, 1.76atm and an excess of hydrogen?
Answer:
12.5 L
Explanation:
Part 1 - Finding Number of moles
First thing we need to find out is number of moles of oxygen gas. We can achieve this using the formula: PV=nRT
Pressure (Pa) x Volume (cubic meters) = no. moles x gas constant (8.31 J/K*mol) x Temperature (K)
We can rearrange this formula to solve for no. moles:[tex]n=\frac{PV}{RT}[/tex] and plug in the values to solve.
1 atm = 1.01325 x 10^5 Pa, therefore 1.76atm = [tex]1.76*1.01325*10^{5} =178332Pa[/tex]
1 L = 1 x 10^-3 m^3, therefore 5L = [tex]5*1*10^{-3}=5*10^{-3}m^{3}[/tex]
Finally Kelvin = Celsius + 273.15, therefore 37.0C = [tex]37.0+273.15=310.15K[/tex]
Substituting this all back into the formula we get:
[tex]n=\frac{(178332)(5*10^{-3})}{(8.31)(310.15)}[/tex]
[tex]n=\frac{891.66}{2577.3465}[/tex]
[tex]n=0.346[/tex] moles (3.s.f)
Part 2 - Balancing Equation
The equation given is not balanced so we need to balance it to find the correct molar ratio. We can start by balancing the oxygens as there are less of them. We can see that there are 2 oxygen atoms on the left as denoted by 'O2' but only one on the right in 'H2O', therefore we can add a two in front of the H2O on the right side to balance the oxygen atoms:
[tex]H_{2(g)} +O_{2(g)} - > 2H_{2} O_{(g)}[/tex]
Now we have four hydrogens on the right side so we have a 2 in front of H2 on the left hand side to balance the hydrogens:
[tex]2H_{2(g)} +O_{2(g)} - > 2H_{2} O_{(g)}[/tex]
And voila! The equation is balanced and shows the correct molar ratio.
Part 3 - Calculating moles of water
As we can see from the molar ratio in the balanced equation, every mole of O2 will produce two moles of H2O- the ratio is 1:2. As we have an excess of hydrogen, we only need to worry about the amount of oxygen we have. Therefore to calculate the number of moles of water that can be made we simply need to multiple by the ratio:
[tex]0.346*2=0.692[/tex] moles of water
Part 4 - Converting to Liters
Finally, to convert our amount of moles into volume, we can use water's molecular mass to find the mass and then its density to find its volume. Water's molecular mass is 18.02gmol^-1 (2x1.01+16.00) and its density is 997kg/m^3.
m=nM (mass = no. moles x molecular mass): m=[tex]0.692*18.02=12.46984g[/tex]
rho = m/v (density = mass/volume): [tex]997=12.46984/v[/tex], therefore [tex]v=0.0125m^{3}[/tex]
Finally as mentioned above, 1 L = 1 x 10^-3 m^3, therefore the volume of water that can be made is 12.5 Liters.