Answer:
LIFO:
Under LIFO method units purchased last are sold first.
Sold units included all units purchased on May 4, Apr. 1 and Mar. 2 and 1 unit purchased on Feb. 2
Cost of goods sold = 3*625+2*612+1*618+1*600 = $4,317
Ending inventory = Inventory as on January 31, 2014 and 1 unit purchased on Feb. 2 = 1785+600 = $2,385
Gross profit = sales-Cost of goods sold = 8050-4317 = $3,733
Gross profit rate = 3,733/8050 = 46.37%
FIFO:
Under FIFO method units purchased first are sold first.
Sold units included all units of beginning inventory, purchased on Feb 2, Mar 2 and 1 unit from Apr. 1 purchase
Cost of goods sold = 3*595+2*600+1*618+1*612 = $4,215
Ending inventory = 1 unit purchased on Apr 1 and all units of May 4 purchase = 612+1875 = $2,487
Gross profit = sales-Cost of goods sold = 8050-4,215= $3,835
Gross profit rate = 3,835/8050 = 47.64%
Average cost
Average cost per unit = 6702/11 = $609.273
Cost of goods sold = 7*609.273 = $4,264.91
Ending inventory = 4*609.273 = $2,437.09
Gross profit = sales-Cost of goods sold = 8050-4,264.91= $3785.09
Gross profit rate = 3785.09/8050 = 47.02%
Explanation:
PepsiCo, Inc. (PEP) reported the following information about its long-term debt in the notes to a recent financial statement (in millions): Long-term debt consists of the following: December 31 Current Year Preceding Year Total long term-debt $27,917 $26,557
The long-term debt was disclosed as a current liability on the current year's December 31 balance sheet $4,096.
Given Data provided in the question:
Current Year Preceding Year
Total long term-debt $27,917 $26,557
Current portion (4,096) (2,224)
Long-term debt $23,821 $24,333
Now,
The long-term debt was disclosed as a current liability on the current year's December 31 balance sheet will be the amount equal to the current portion for the current year
Therefore, the answer is $4,096
What is Current Liability?A current liability is:
An obligation that will be due within one year of the date of the company's balance sheet, andWill require the use of a current asset or will create another current liabilityHowever, if a company's normal operating cycle is longer than one year, current liabilities are the obligations that will be due within the operating cycle.
Current liabilities are usually reported as a separate section of a company's balance sheet. This allows readers to subtract their total from the company's total amount of current assets in order to determine a company's working capital. (Dividing current assets by the current liabilities is the company's current ratio.)
Your question is incomplete, but most probably your full question was:
PepsiCo, Inc. (PEP) reported the following information about its long-term debt in the notes to a recent financial statement (in millions): Long-term debt consists of the following: December 31 Current Year Preceding Year Total long term-debt $27,917 $26,557 Current portion (4,096) (2,224) Long-term debt $23,821 $24,333 a. How much of the long-term debt was disclosed as a current liability on the current year's December 31 balance sheet.
Learn more about Current liabilities on:
brainly.com/question/17367380
#SPJ4
Suppose the Federal Reserve increases the amount of reserves by $120 million and the total money supply increases by $360 million.
In order to calculate the money multiplier and reserves we need to do certain calculations by applying the following formula.
The change in money supply can be calculated by the following formula:
ΔMoney Supplier = Multiplier × ΔReserves
A) It is given that when the reserves are increased by $120 million then the money supply increases by $360 million.
So,
30 Million = Multiplier × 120 Million
⇒ Multiplier = 360 Million
120 Million
= 3
So, the value of the multiplier is 3.
B) If there is an increase in reserves by $30 million then,
ΔMoney Supply = 3 × 30 Million
= 90 Million
Therefore, When the reserves increase by $30 million then the money supply increases by $90 million.
To know more about money multiplier, click the link
https://brainly.com/question/13988758
https://brainly.com/question/1401510
#SPJ4
Correct Question - Suppose the Federal Reserve increases the amount of reserves by $120 million and the total money supply increases by $360 million.
a. What is the money multiplier?
b. Using the money multiplier from part a, how much will the money supply change if the Federal Reserve increases reserves by $30 million?
What would happen in an economy if total planned production exceeded total planned real expenditures
Inventories would accumulate, and firms would tend to lower prices. If total planned production exceeded total planned real expenditures
The economy is the field of production, distribution, trade, and consumption of goods and services. Generally, it is defined as a social area that emphasizes practices, discourse, and material expressions related to the production, use, and management of scarce resources.
A given economy is a series of processes that include its culture, values, education, technological development, history, social organization, political structure, legal system, and natural resources as key factors. These factors provide context, and content, and set the conditions and parameters for the economy to work.
In other words, the realm of the economy is the realm of non-independent, interrelated human practices, and trading societies. An economic agent can be an individual, a company, an organization, or a government.
Learn more about the Economy here: https://brainly.com/question/1106682
#SPJ4
Under what circumstances can a buyer representation agreement be terminated early in maryland?
If the buyer finds another buyer to replace them, a buyer representation agreement be terminated early. A buyer representation agreement is a legal document that spells out in detail how a real estate company or broker will interact with a house buyer.
A contract for buyer representation specifies the services to which the buyer is entitled and those which representative undertakes to provide. A buyer agency agreement's primary goal is to define or establish connection between buyer and representative by outlining expectations of all parties. A buyer representation agreement also protects against buyer replacing the representative without both parties' consent.
To learn more about representation agreement, click here
https://brainly.com/question/14574218?
#SPJ1
abigail bought 28 shares of stock at $30.00 per share. she received dividend of $49.50 during the year. at the end of the year, her stock was valued at $43.50 per share. what was her ROI?
If her stock was valued at $43.50 per share. Her ROI is:50.89%
Return on investmentFirst step
Purchase price=(28×$30)-(28×$43.50)
Purchase price= $840-$1218
Purchase price=$378
Gain in value=$378+ $49.50
Gain in value=$427.5
Second step
ROI=$427.5/$840×100
ROI=50.89%
Therefore the ROI is $15.89%.
Learn m ore about ROI here:https://brainly.com/question/15726451
#SPJ1
The of a note is the amount that the signer of a note agrees to pay back when it matures, not including interest.
The principle of a note is the amount that the signer of a note agrees to pay back when it matures, not including interest.
A note's principle is defined as the sum, excluding interest, that the note's signer promises to repay when it matures. The payment made in repayment of a note often consists of both the principal amount and interest. A repayment of the initial sum would be the principle part. When using the money's purchasing power, the interest is similar to interest.
There is no legal requirement for the backing of paper money under banking note-issuing principles. The bank and trade should only issue notes when necessary and at their own discretion. To honour the notes in their own best interests, banks will maintain adequate reserves.
To learn more about principle of a note here,
https://brainly.com/question/21416874
#SPJ1
Prepare journal entries to record the following production activities. Incurred $42,000 of direct labor in the Roasting department and $33,000 of direct labor in the Blending department. Credit Factory Wages Payable. Incurred $20,000 of indirect labor in production. Credit Factory Wages Payable.
Credit Factory Wages Payable is $95000.
What are Wages Payable?Wages payable refers to an organization's liability for wages earned but not yet paid to employees. When wages are paid to employees, the amount in this account is normally wiped early in the following reporting month. Wages payable is a current liability account, whereas wages expense is an expense account. A current liability is one that must be paid within one year. Wage Payment Example
Jane received $160 for the last three days of the year (December 29-31). This sum (together with whatever salary she receives from January 1-4) will be included in her paycheck on January 9. Based on this information, the corporation has $560 in wages payable as of December 31 ($400 + $160).
(journal entries are in the attached image)
To learn more about Wages Payable from the given link:
https://brainly.com/question/26699459
#SPJ4
Money demand is given by md/p = 1000 .2y - 1000i. given that p = 200, y = 2000, and i = .10, real money demand is equal to?
The real money demand is equal to $2,60,000
Money demand/ P = 1000+0.2Y -1000i
Money demand/200= 1000+0.2(2000)-1000(0.1)= 1000+400-100
=1300
Money demand /200 = 1300
Money demand = $1300*200
= $2,60,000
Money demand is the demand for real cash balances as people hold onto money to purchase goods and services. The higher the price level, the more money you need to buy a certain amount of goods.
For example, Margie keeps cash in her purse so she can buy groceries, which she does every week. The more cash you always have in your wallet, the less time you spend going to the bank, standing in line, and withdrawing more cash.
Learn more about Money demand here:https://brainly.com/question/24109874
#SPJ4
When new small business owners define their competitors, the first step is to define a _________ that reveals the potential new customers.
When new small business owners define their competitors, the first step is to define a Radius that reveals the potential new customers.
What is a competitive analysis?The process of locating competitors in your business and investigating their various marketing methods is known as a competitor analysis, often referred to as a competitive analysis. By comparing this data to those of your competitors, you can determine the advantages and disadvantages of your business.
We can do a high-level competitor analysis or delve deeply into a single element of your rivals' operations. Although the focus of this article is on how to perform a generic competitive analysis, you should customize this procedure to meet the demands and objectives of your company.
Learn more about competitive analysis here:
brainly.com/question/14768915
#SPJ4
______ analysis can compare two or more datasets to identify patterns and trends. Multiple choice question. Aggregation Comparative Data Competitive
B) comparative analysis can compare two or more datasets to identify patterns and trends.
Comparative analysis is the manner of evaluating objects to one another and distinguishing their similarities and variations. Whilst an enterprise wants to analyze a concept, hassle, principle, or question, conducting a comparative analysis permits it to higher apprehend the problem and form techniques in response.
It is a method of comparing more items with the concept of uncovering and coming across new thoughts about them. It often compares and contrasts social systems and strategies around the arena to understand widespread styles. The comparative analysis attempts to apprehend the have a look at and provide an explanation for every element of facts that comparing.
As we learned, a comparative analysis is a sort of statistical technique whereby or more datasets are as compared to determine their consistency with each other. It could additionally validate a scientific investigation or speculation that wishes to be examined.
Learn more about the comparative analysis here https://brainly.com/question/9087023
#SPJ1
According to the cdc, the price elasticity of demand for cigarettes is ____, which sugggests that a tax increase will ______ revenue.
According to the CDC, the price elasticity of demand for cigarettes is .3 to .5, which suggests that a tax increase will increase revenue.
The CDC stands for the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, which is the national public health agency of the United States. According to CDC, the price elasticity of for cigarettes is .3 to .5, which indicates that a tax increase will increase revenue.
As smoking is a habit so hard to kick, demand for cigarettes is highly inelastic, which means that large price changes induce only small changes in the quantity demanded.
Hence, the price elasticity of demand for cigarettes is .3 to .5, which syndicates that a tax increase will increase revenue.
To learn more about price elasticity here:
https://brainly.com/question/14450755
#SPJ4
Robert owns a large tract of land. After an adequate study of all the relevant facts, he legally divides the land into 30 lots suitable for the construction of residences; adds utilities, curbs, and gutters; and paves the streets. Robert is A) a developer. B) an urban planner. C) a builder. D) a land planner.
Robert is( A) a developer.
What is a Developer of a Building?
Developers develop and builders build. That is, a developer takes raw land, obtains the necessary permits, creates building lots, and puts in the sewers, the water and electric lines, the streets and curbs. Then the builder comes in and erects the house. A builder also can be a developer.
Some developers specialize in converting raw land to finished lots, suitable for builders to buy and begin construction of off-site as well as on-site improvements. Often the land developer will also install the principal off-site improvements and infrastructure (roads and utilities).
Therefore, we can say that the correct option is ( A) a developer.
Learn more about Land Developer on:
brainly.com/question/959279
#SPJ4
The integration of suppliers, manufacturers, warehouses, stores, and transportation intermediaries is called blank______ management.
The integration of suppliers, manufacturers, warehouses, stores, and transportation intermediaries is called market channel management.
In sales and marketing terminology, the phrase "channel management" is frequently used.
It is described as a process where the business creates multiple marketing and sales strategies in order to reach the largest audience.
The channels are merely avenues or venues for the marketing and sale of goods.
Any organization's ultimate goal is to improve the relationship between the customer and the product.
The development of a plan for marketing to and providing customer service through a particular channel is assisted by channel management.
The goal is to make customer and company communications more efficient.
Hence, market channel management is the answer.
Learn more about management:
https://brainly.com/question/1276995
#SPJ1
2023 murano’s available intelligent awd adjusts the ________ to help maintain cornering control.
2023 Murano's available intelligent and adjusts the Torque delivered to the wheels to help maintain cornering control. This is further explained below.
What is Torque?Generally, The amount of force that may cause an item to spin around an axis is referred to as the torque of the object. Torque is what causes an object to acquire rotational acceleration; just as force is what causes an item to accelerate in linear kinematics, torque is what causes an object to accelerate in circular kinematics. Torque is a vector quantity.
In conclusion, The optional intelligent system in the 2023 Murano may change the torque that is given to the wheels, which assists in maintaining cornering control.
Read more about Torque
https://brainly.com/question/6855614
#SPJ1
6. Franchise statistics, national and local business growth rates, and other industry information specific to your field is easily obtainable through a.
A Marketing Agency
A marketing professional or agency may readily provide you with franchise statistics, national and local business growth rates, and other industry data related to your field.
Franchise marketing- In order to raise brand awareness and boost revenue for their franchise business, franchisors and franchisees utilize a variety of marketing strategies and techniques. Franchise marketing has developed to be virtually entirely digital.
Franchising is a particular business approach used to gain market share, acquire clients, and keep those clients happy. With this kind of approach, the business gains awareness from both present and potential clients. Advertising, sales, promotions, public relations, and web marketing are some of the major subcategories of franchise marketing.
To learn more about franchise marketing please visit -https://brainly.com/question/26826465
#SPJ4
Canners Company uses weighted-average costing. Beginning work in process inventory had $3,650 of material costs. During the period, $5,000 of materials and $9,250 in conversion costs were added. If there are 250 equivalent units of production for materials, the cost per equivalent unit for materials is ______. Multiple choice question. $71.60 $20.00 $57.00 $34.60
If there are 250 equivalent units of production for materials, the cost per equivalent unit for materials is (D) $34.60.
What is weighted-average costing?To apply the weighted average methodology, divide the cost of the commodities on the market by the number of units still on the shelf. This calculation results in the weighted average cost per unit, which can subsequently be used to allocate a cost to both ending inventory and the cost of goods sold.When you wish to give some numbers in a dataset more weight than others, you should use a weighted average. This is beneficial in situations where a single event might have several positive or bad outcomes, but the scale of the positive or negative outcomes varies.Weighted average cost per unit formula = divide the total purchase price by the number of units available for sale
∴ $3,650 + $5,000 / 250 = $34.60
Therefore, if there are 250 equivalent units of production for materials, the cost per equivalent unit for materials is (D) $34.60.
Know more about weighted-average costing here:
https://brainly.com/question/8287701
#SPJ4
Complete question:
Canners Company uses weighted-average costing. Beginning work in process inventory had $3,650 of material costs. During the period, $5,000 of materials and $9,250 in conversion costs were added. If there are 250 equivalent units of production for materials, the cost per equivalent unit for materials is ______. Multiple choice question.
(A) $71.60
(B) $20.00
(C) $57.00
(D) $34.60
Imagine you’re preparing an exclusive buyer representation agreement with a client and need to explain the options available for agency relationship. which of these is accurate?
Imagine you’re preparing an exclusive buyer representation agreement with a client and need to explain the options available for an agency relationship. If we find a property you like that is by my broker, I may need to act as a dual agent
This is further explained below.
What is a broker?Generally, Within the banking and financial sectors, brokers are responsible for managing a variety of commercial transactions, including investments, real estate, and insurance policies. Brokers facilitate communication between various parties, establish and develop connections, manage sales, and carry out other administrative and operational responsibilities.
In conclusion, Imagine that you are working with a client to prepare an exclusive buyer representation agreement and that you need to discuss the many alternatives that are available for agency relationships. In the event that we locate a home that you like and it is listed by my broker, it is possible that I will need to operate as a dual agent.
Read more about broker
https://brainly.com/question/14094023
#SPJ1
If the broker's 5% commission is $2,500, the total sales price of the property was A) $50,000. B) $7,500. C) $125,000. D) $12,500.
If the broker's 5% commission is $2,500, the total sales price of the property was A) $50,000.
What is a broker's commission?A broker's commission is the remuneration paid to a broker for her services.
Data and Calculations:Commission rate = 5%
Commission amount = $2,500
Total sales price = $50,000 ($2,500/5%)
Thus, if the broker's 5% commission is $2,500, the total sales price of the property was A) $50,000.
Learn more about broker's commission at https://brainly.com/question/12347131
#SPJ1
Describe key services that the financial system provides to savers. Question 17 options: Economies of scale of information Risk sharing Liquidity All of the above
The answer is all of the above.
Risk sharing, liquidity, and knowledge are the three main services that the financial system offers to both savers and borrowers.
First, people seek steady returns on their holdings.
Investors often maintain a portfolio, or collection of assets, that offers generally consistent returns (diversification).
Risk is a measure of how unpredictable the return on an asset is.
Liquidity is a measure of an asset's ease of movement to be transformed into cash.
In financial markets, the information contains facts about borrowers and expectations of returns on financial assets.
Key Services of the Financial System:
Effective Payment SystemIntermediary to Investors and BorrowersSharing of Economic Financial RiskDiversificationLiquidityFinancial InformationHence, key services that the financial system provides to savers include all of the above.
Learn more about financial market:
https://brainly.com/question/690070
#SPJ4
During the __________ stage of the product life cycle, sales reach a peak, profits are declining, and the number of competitors starts to decrease.
During the maturity stage of the product life cycle, sales reach a peak, profits are declining, and the number of competitors starts to decrease.
What is the maturity stage?The maturation stage follows the introduction and growth stages. The mature stage is the most time-consuming step of the product life cycle. At this time, sales growth begins to slow; the company has reached the peak of the demand cycle, and advertising methods have little impact on sales growth.Continued rivalry, concern about introducing new products or services, and issues about how to establish a suitable exit strategy for your organization are among the challenges during the maturity phase.Therefore, during the maturity stage of the product life cycle, sales reach a peak, profits are declining, and the number of competitors starts to decrease.
Know more about the maturity stage here:
https://brainly.com/question/12074531
#SPJ4
Answer:
maturity
Explanation:
Haskins Company employs material handling employees who move materials between production divisions at a labor cost of $184,000 a year. It is estimated that these employees move 640,000 pounds of material per year. If 64,000 pounds are moved in March, how much of the material handling cost should be assigned to products made in March
material handling cost should be assigned to products made in March $36,000.
Given data,
labor cost = $360,000
move material per year = 600,000 pounds
To find out material handling cost.
we find here first Labor Cost per pound of material that is express as
Labor Cost per pound of material = Labor Cost ÷ Number of Pounds of material .......................1
Labor Cost per pound of material ==360000/600000= $0.6 per pound of material
Labor Cost per pound of material = $ .6 per pound of material
so, we can say that 60000 pounds are moved in March so cost will be
60000 pounds are move cost = 60000 × $0.6
60000 pounds are move cost = $36000
material handling cost is: $36,000
What is material handling cost?The freight for the items (equipment and material), insurance, and customs clearance fees, among other expenses, make up material handling costs (or MRC). Posted in Procurement and tagged cost, procurement, logistics.
Learn more about material handling cost: https://brainly.com/question/20598911?referrer=searchResults
#SPJ4
Spending plans are divided into three categories with roughly ______% of the after tax budget going to the category of needs and _____________ % of the after tax budget going to wants, with the rest going to esi.
Spending plans are divided into three categories with roughly 50% of the after tax budget going to the category of needs and 30% of the after tax budget going to wants, with the rest going to esi.
What is spending plans?Spending plans can be defined as the ability to plan how to spend your money by dividing your finance based on want your need and what you want which will inturn can help you to effectively manage your money or finances as well as the way you spend.
Therefore, Spending plans are divided into three categories with roughly 50% of the after tax budget going to the category of needs and 30% of the after tax budget going to wants, with the rest going to esi.
Learn more about spending plans here:brainly.com/question/2507023
#SPJ1
He financial failure of a firm is often due to multiple choice tight control of expenses. precise management of cash flows. overcapitalization. undercapitalization.
When a firm fails financially, this is often due to the problem of overcapitalization.
How can overcapitalization lead to business failure?When a company is overcapitalized, it means that they started off with a lot of investment from their owners. Some might think this is a good thing, but it is usually bad.
The reason it is bad for a firm is that it might lead to them setting goals that are too ambitious for a young firm and so they end of going through financial failure for being unable to meet target.
Find out more on overcapitalization at https://brainly.com/question/14728469
#SPJ1
What is the underlying rationale for respondeat superior? Explain why it is a derivative theory of liability as opposed to a direct theory of liability?
The basic argument is that it holds the employer legally accountable. It is opposed because it emerges as a result of an individual or a company's irresponsibility or other events that have damaged or destroyed another person or their property.
The basic argument for respondent superior is that it was developed to put the employer into legal accountability for the activities of the employees. This theory was established in the United States and gives an aggrieved party a stronger possibility of recovering damages caused by an employee of a certain business. This is because, under the respondent superior theory, the employer is accountable for the harm caused by an employee to a third party within the limits of his employment relationship.
The derivative theory of responsibility holds the employer liable for the negligence of his employee that causes injury to a third party. And direct theory of responsibility refers to the liability that arises over an individual or a company as a result of its carelessness or other circumstances that have hurt or destroyed another individual or their property.
To know more about respondent superior click here:
https://brainly.com/question/23416700
#SPJ4
When a person accepts unquestioningly what his or her own personal judgment tells about the world, he or she is relying on _____.
When a person accepts unquestioningly what his or her own personal judgment tells about the world, he or she is relying on Intuition.
A judgment rendered towards a character (or company) for the fee of cash damages. synonyms: judgment in personam, judgment in personam, personal judgment.
Two phrases regularly used to describe personal judgments are responsibility and responsibility. folks that display an exquisite deal of private judgment have a foundation of ethical character and personal judgment is a basis for powerful hassle solving.
Learn more about judgment here: https://brainly.com/question/397387
#SPJ4
Shareholders exercise ownership control through the power of their votes. Group of answer choices False True
True, Shareholders exercise ownership control through the power of their votes.
What is Shareholder Ownership ?Common shareholders are part of the owners of a corporation, they have bought some shares or stocks of the corporation either through public offerings or the the Stock markets.
As part of the owners of a corporation, common stock holders have certain rights except otherwise stated in the agreement.
The right to vote during the general meeting to decide how the leadership of the corporation will be. The right to share in the profits of the corporation. Common shareholders are notified before issuance of new stock.They have some degree of control over the management selection process etc.A corporation is owned by it's shareholders as a group. Each shareholder holds a proportion of the share capital of a corporate and has voting rights in proportion of his shareholdings.
Therefore , we can conclude that the statement is TRUE.
Learn more about Shareholder Ownership on:
brainly.com/question/1422887
#SPJ4
Which of the following best describes the core competency of the Five Guys Burgers and Fries company
Making high-quality burgers without limiting costs best describes the core competency of the Five Guys Burgers and Fries company.
In winter, when the river froze, villagers who had little fish would fry fried potatoes instead. The dish is said to have been discovered by American soldiers in Belgium during World War I, and since the main language in southern Belgium is French, they called the delicious potatoes 'French fries.
Common processing steps for frozen French fries are washing and peeling, cutting or stripping, blanching, cooling and drying, frying, deoiling, and packaging.
The largest French Fries company is McCainFoodsLimited. Lam Weston (including JVs and subsidiaries) J.R. Simplot. Aviko.
Learn more about fries here:https://brainly.com/question/23754895
#SPJ4
A person who is power-oriented strives for leadership because of its associated ________. fear achievement authority prestige
A person who is power-oriented strives for leadership because of its associated with fear achievement authority prestige.
What is leadership?Leadership can be regarded as the ability that an individual has or that group of individuals has to influence as well as to guide followers or other members of an organization.
It should be note4d that A person who is power-oriented strives for leadership because of its associated with fear achievement authority prestige.
Learn more about leadership on:
https://brainly.com/question/25927714
#SPJ1
Sources of retirement income include Social Security, other public ____ plans, employer pension plans, personal retirement plans, and _____ .
Social Security, other public pension plans, employer pension plans, personal retirement plans, and annuities or savings
What are retirement incomes?This is the term that is used to refer to the income that a person would get after they have left active service.
The reason is so they can have a good life after they are no longer working and they are old.
Read more on retirement here:
https://brainly.com/question/3090325
#SPJ1
The amount of mortgage a person is eligible for will be larger when:
The amount of mortgage a person is eligible for will be larger when there is lower interest rate.
What is a mortgage?This refers to an agreement that exist between a lender and a borrower in which a lender can take over the borrower's properties incase of any default in payment.
A mortgage is like a loan, obtained by a borrower with a promise to pay at a future date.
Learn more about mortgage here :https://brainly.com/question/24732162
#SPJ1