Light travels at a constant speed of 3.00
× 10^8 m/s, whereas sound travels through the air at a constant speed of 343
m/s.

At sunset, the Moon will be in the western horizon and its believers will point their arms towards the west.

During the first quarter, its believers will point their arms towards the southwest.

During the full moon, its believers will point their arms towards the east.

During the third quarter phase, its believers will point their arms towards the northwest.

During the new moon phase, the Moon is located between the Sun and the Earth, so it rises and sets at approximately the same time as the Sun. Therefore, at sunset, the Moon will be in the western horizon and its believers will point their arms towards the west.

During the first quarter phase, the Moon is located at a right angle to the Earth and the Sun. It rises at around noon and sets at around midnight. Therefore, at sunset, the Moon will be located in the southern horizon, and its believers will point their arms towards the southwest.

During the full moon phase, the Moon is on the opposite side of the Earth from the Sun, so it rises as the Sun sets and sets as the Sun rises. Therefore, at sunset, the Moon will be located in the eastern horizon, and its believers will point their arms towards the east.

During the third quarter phase, the Moon is also located at a right angle to the Earth and the Sun, but on the opposite side of the first quarter. It rises at around midnight and sets at around noon. Therefore, at sunset, the Moon will be located in the northern horizon, and its believers will point their arms towards the northwest.

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The answer to the question is that the X-1 aircraft's aim is to fly at a rate greater than that of sound.

Speed is what it means. the pace at which an object's location change in any direction. The distance traveled in relation to how long it took to travel that distance is how speed is described. As speed simply has a direction and no magnitude, it is a vector value.

distance times velocity

Speed is calculated as follows: speed = distance * time. Knowing the values for both time and distance is necessary to calculate the units for speed. Thus, the distance is measured in metres (m), whereas the time is measured in seconds (s).

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(a) The correct relationship is: PA < PB because pressure builds up when mass is being pushed through a smaller area. (b) The correct reason is: PA > PC because pressure decreases in the direction of the flow even though friction is negligible.

(a) The correct relationship between the static pressure in sections A and B is: PA < PB because pressure builds up when mass is being pushed through a smaller area. This is because the velocity of the water must increase as it flows through the smaller diameter section B in order to maintain the same mass flow rate, according to the principle of continuity. This increase in velocity is accompanied by a decrease in static pressure, as described by the Bernoulli equation.

(b) The correct reason for the relationship between the static pressure in sections A and C is: PA > PC because pressure decreases in the direction of the flow even though friction is negligible. This is because the water experiences a pressure drop as it flows from the wider diameter section A to the narrower diameter section B, due to the principle of continuity. However, as the flow area expands again in section C, the velocity decreases and the static pressure increases to a value close to that in section A, since frictional effects are negligible.

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The missing figure in the question is attached below

The crown is not made of pure gold as the density of the material is found to be less than gold.

Archimedes observed that every solid, regardless of shape, will experience an upward force when submerged in a liquid that is equal to the weight of the amount of liquid that the solid has extracted.

So, if any body is weighed in air, the normal force will be equal to the gravity force (which we call weight) which can be expressed as follows:

Fg = m g = δ V g = 34.8 N

When submerged in water, the normal force is equal to the difference between the actual weight, and the upward force due to Archimedes' principle, called buoyant force, as follows:

Fn = Fg - Ep = δx. V. g - δH₂O . V. g = 31.9 N

By dividing Fg into Fn and condensing commonly used terminology, we obtain:

δx / (δx - δH₂O) = 34.8 / 31.9 = 1.09

Solving for δx, we get the following value:

δx = 10,900 Kg/m³, less dense than pure gold, so we can conclude that the crown was not made of pure gold.

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The average force of gravitation between Jupiter and the Sun is 1.26 x 10²² N.

The force of gravitation between two objects can be calculated using the equation;

F = G (m1m2) /d²

where;

To find the average force of gravitation between Jupiter and the Sun, we need to know their masses and the average distance between them.

Jupiter has a mass of approximately 1.898 x 10²⁷ kg, and the average distance between Jupiter and the Sun is about 778 million kilometers (7.78 x 10¹¹ m).

Plugging these values into the equation, we get:

F = 6.67 x 10⁻¹¹ (1.898 x 10²⁷ kg) x (1.989 x 10³⁰ kg) / (7.78 x 10¹¹)²

F =  1.26 x 10²² N

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The object would have traveled a distance of 143 mili-meters in 13 Giga-seconds at a speed of 11 pico-meters per second.

To calculate the distance traveled by an object, we need to multiply the object's speed by the time it has been moving.

Distance = speed x time

Recall that:

pico = 10⁻¹²

Giga = 10⁹

mili = 10⁻³

Information available in the problem:

speed = 11 pico-meters = 11 x 10⁻¹² m

time = 13 Giga-seconds = 13 x 10⁹

Hence,

Distance = 11 x 10⁻¹²  x 13 x 10⁹

               = 143 x 10⁻³ meters

               = 143 mili-meters

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Assuming the physical therapist can climb at a constant rate, she can climb Mt. Everest 8840 m / (5810 kcal x 4186 J/kcal) = 0.6 times.

Constant rate is a term used in physics to describe motion or change at a consistent and unchanging pace. Constant rate is also referred to as a steady rate, uniform rate, or constant speed. This type of motion or change is important in many areas of physics, from classical mechanics to electromagnetism and optics. Constant rate can be seen in many everyday phenomena, such as a pendulum's swinging, the rotation of planets, or the spread of a wave. Constant rate can be described mathematically as a constant value that remains the same regardless of time or any other changing variables. This type of motion is also known as linear motion and is often used to describe how one object moves relative to another. For example, a ball rolling down a hill at a constant rate will move at the same speed regardless of the terrain or other objects in the way. Constant rate is an important concept in physics that can be used to model a variety of physical phenomena.

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A. Position the item on one side of a lever, a certain distance from the fulcrum. Position known masses on the other side of the fulcrum so that they are also spaced along the lever at a known distance from the fulcrum.

The fulcrum is the term used to describe the beam's pivotal point. When force is applied to one end of a lever, a load is applied at the other end.

You push or pull on this portion. The point on which the lever rotates or balances is known as the "fulcrum." Your hand's fingers serve as the fulcrum when using a fork. Scissors are actually two levers combined. Commonly known as a fixed lever, the handle on the toilet flusher.

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When two parents that are heterozygous for both traits are crossed, the resulting offspring can have any combination of the two traits. In this type of cross, the inheritance of one trait is independent of the inheritance of the other trait, as long as the genes for these traits are located on different chromosomes.

The gene for seed color is located on one chromosome, while the gene for pea texture is located on a different chromosome. If we cross two pea plants that are heterozygous for both traits (YySs x YySs), we can use a Punnett square to determine the expected genotype and phenotype ratios of the resulting offspring.

Genotype ratios:

[tex]YYSS: 1/16[/tex]

[tex]YYSs: 2/16[/tex]

[tex]YYss: 1/16[/tex]

[tex]yySs: 2/16[/tex]

[tex]yyss: 1/16[/tex]

Phenotype ratios:

[tex]Yellow smooth: 9/16[/tex]

[tex]Yellow wrinkled: 3/16[/tex]

[tex]Green smooth: 3/16[/tex]

[tex]Green wrinkled: 1/16[/tex]

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The magnitude of the vertical force F is 882.4 N. Use equilibrium equations of force in direction of y.

To determine the magnitude of the vertical force F, we can use the equilibrium equations of the forces in the y direction.

Summing the forces in the y direction:

[tex]Fsin(60°) - 916 N - 150 N = 0[/tex]

where the 150 N is the weight of the beam CD.

Solving for F, we get:

[tex]Fsin(60°) = 766 N[/tex]

F = 882.4 N

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Answer:

sensory organs

Explanation:

Information processing starts with input from the sensory organs, which transform physical stimuli such as touch, heat, sound waves, or photons of light into electrochemical signals. The sensory information is repeatedly transformed by the algorithms of the brain in both bottom-up and top-down processing.

The amount of water flowing at that time from the 2inch outlet is 16 gallons per minute

Flow measurement, a quantification of bulk fluid movement, is another term for flow rate. The mass of a material that moves per unit of time is known as the mass flow rate. The amount of fluid moving per unit of time is known as the volumetric flow rate.

More ideas on how we arrived at the answer

The 1-inch outlet is flowing at 8 gallons per minute.

Now Because the 2-inch outlet is twice the size of the 1-inch outlet, it is flowing at twice the rate or 16 gallons per minute.

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The mass of air stored in vessel is, 23.7 kg. The change in entropy of the air is 4,451 J/K.

a) Ideal gas law states, PV = nRT, P is pressure, V is volume, n is number of moles, R is gas constant, and T is the temperature.

Solve for n,

[tex]n = \dfrac{20\times 10}{0.08206 \times 300 K}\\n = 818.8 moles[/tex]

Molar mass of air = 28.97 g/mol.

mass = n x molar mass

= 818.8 x 28.97

= 23.7 kg

b) The change in entropy,

[tex]\triangle S = nC_v \ln{\dfrac{T_2}{T_1}} + nR \ln{\dfrac{V_2}{V_1}}[/tex]

where Cv is the specific heat at constant volume, T1, T2 are initial and final temperatures, V1, V2 are the initial and final volumes.

For air, Cv = 20.8 J/(mol K)

R = 8.314 J/(mol K).

Volume is constant, V2/V1 = 1.

[tex]\triangle S = nC_v \ln{\dfrac{T_2}{T_1}}[/tex]

[tex]\triangle S = (818.8\times 20.8) \ln{\dfrac{600}{300}\\ = 4,451\ J/K[/tex]

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The expression for the rocket's speed at height h, neglecting air resistance, is: v = -g * sqrt(2 * g * h)  where g is the acceleration due to gravity and h is the height of the rocket.

Air resistance, also known as air drag, is the force that opposes the motion of an object as it moves through the air. It is caused by the frictional force between the object's surface and the air molecules it encounters. Air resistance increases with the speed of the object and the surface area of the object in contact with the air. For objects moving at high speeds, air resistance can significantly affect their motion, causing them to slow down or change direction. In the case of a rocket, air resistance can have a significant impact on its speed and trajectory, and must be taken into account in many real-world situations.

Assuming that air resistance is neglected, the only force acting on the rocket is the force of thrust, which can be expressed as:

fthrust = m * g

where fthrust is the force of thrust, m is the mass of the rocket, and g is the acceleration due to gravity.

At any height h above the ground, the potential energy of the rocket is given by:

PE = m * g * h

where PE is the potential energy of the rocket.

According to the principle of conservation of energy, the total energy of the rocket (kinetic energy + potential energy) remains constant. Therefore, at any height h, the total energy of the rocket is:

E = KE + PE

where E is the total energy of the rocket and KE is the kinetic energy of the rocket.

The kinetic energy of the rocket can be expressed as:

KE = 0.5 * m * v^2

where v is the speed of the rocket.

Therefore,

E = 0.5 * m * v^2 + m * g * h

Since the total energy of the rocket remains constant, we can differentiate this equation with respect to time to obtain:

0 = m * v * dv/dt + m * g * dh/dt

But since air resistance is neglected, the acceleration of the rocket is:

a = fthrust / m = g

Therefore,

dh/dt = v

Substituting this into the previous equation,

0 = m * v * dv/dt + m * g * v

Simplifying this equation, we get:

dv/dt = -g

Integrating both sides with respect to time,

v = -g * t + C

where C is a constant of integration. At time t=0, the speed of the rocket is zero, so

C = 0

Therefore, the speed of the rocket at height h is:

v = -g * t

Substituting dh/dt = v,

dh/dt = -g * t

Integrating both sides with respect to time,

h = -0.5 * g * t^2 + D

where D is another constant of integration. At time t=0, the height of the rocket is zero,

D = 0

Therefore, the height of the rocket at time t is:

h = -0.5 * g * t^2

Combining the expressions for v and h

v = -g * sqrt(2 * g * h)

where g is the acceleration due to gravity and h is the height of the rocket. This is the expression for the rocket's speed at height h, neglecting air resistance.

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After the collision between the golf ball and the initially at rest bowling ball, the bowling ball will have more momentum, since momentum is conserved in the collision. The golf ball will bounce backward with a momentum equal in magnitude but opposite in direction to the initial momentum of the golf ball.

However, the bowling ball will not have more velocity than the golf ball, since the velocity of the two objects after the collision will depend on their masses and the specific details of the collision. The bowling ball will have a lower velocity than the golf ball due to its larger mass, but it will have more kinetic energy since it has a larger mass and a non-zero velocity after the collision.

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0.0034 is equal to 3.4 x 10⁻³, written in scientific notation.

A way of expressing numbers that are either too large or too small (which would usually result in a long string of digits) to be conveniently written in decimal form is called scientific notation. It is commonly used by scientists, engineers, and mathematicians, in part because scientific notation can simplify certain arithmetic operations.

In order to write 0.0034 in scientific notation, first we determine if the exponent for the base 10 is positif or negative. Since 0.0034 is less than 1, the exponent must be negative.

Next, we find the coefficient. It is 3,4 because the base should be a number between 1 and 9, including the non-negative number(s) after, and 3 is the first non-negative number behind the decimal point.

Lastly, we find the exponent itself. It has to be a negative number. Since we moved the decimal point (until we get to the number after 3) three times, the exponent then is -3.

Gathering all the facts and we've got 3,4 x 10⁻³. That is 0.0034 written in scientific notation.

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Answer:

wind blows a pool chair across the yard

Explanation:

The question is asking about forces at work like air resistance wich is pushing the chair across the yard. Work is when a force pushes pulls so when air resistance is pushing the chair because of the big surface area that is doing work.

The efficiency, η, of the new engine would be 0.67.

Based on the given information, the inventor's new heat engine has an efficiency of:

η = work output / heat input = 1,200 J / 1,800 J = 0.67

This means that for every 1,800 J of heat applied to the engine, only 1,200 J of work can be produced, and the remaining 600 J of heat energy is lost as waste heat.

While an efficiency of 0.67 is relatively high for a heat engine, it is important to note that the practicality and potential applications of the engine cannot be evaluated solely based on its efficiency.

Other factors such as cost, durability, and scalability would also need to be considered in determining the viability of this invention.

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One degree of longitude at the equator is 111.32 kilometers (69.17 miles), one minute of longitude is 1.855 kilometers (1.153 miles), and one second of longitude is 0.031 kilometers (0.019 miles).

At the equator, one degree of longitude corresponds to 1/360th of the circumference of the Earth, which can be calculated as:

C = 2*π*r where C is the circumference, r is the radius of the Earth.

The radius of the Earth is half of its diameter, so:

r = 12,756 km / 2 = 6,378 km

Thus, the circumference of the Earth at the equator is:

C = 2*π*(6,378 km) ≈ 40,075 km

So, one degree of longitude at the equator is:

40,075 km / 360 ≈ 111.32 km

Or in miles:

24,901 miles / 360 ≈ 69.17 miles

To find the distance in one minute of longitude, we need to divide by 60:

111.32 km / 60 ≈ 1.855 km/min

69.17 miles / 60 ≈ 1.153 miles/min

To find the distance in one second of longitude, we need to divide by 60 again:

1.855 km/min / 60 ≈ 0.031 km/sec

1.153 miles/min / 60 ≈ 0.019 miles/sec

Therefore, one degree of longitude at the equator corresponds to approximately 111.32 kilometers (69.17 miles), one minute of longitude corresponds to approximately 1.855 kilometers (1.153 miles), and one second of longitude corresponds to approximately 0.031 kilometers (0.019 miles).

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To determine the percentage of the original gas still remaining, we need to calculate the change in the number of moles of gas in the container. We can use the ideal gas law, which states that PV = nRT, where P is pressure, V is volume, n is the number of moles of gas, R is the ideal gas constant, and T is temperature in Kelvin.

We can rearrange the equation to solve for n: n = PV/RT.

First, let's calculate the original number of moles of gas, n1, using the initial conditions:

P1 = 9 atm

V1 = constant

T1 = 27 + 273 = 300 K

R = 8.31 J/mol K (the ideal gas constant)

n1 = P1V1/RT1 = (9)(constant)/(8.31)(300) = constant/27.29

Next, let's calculate the final number of moles of gas, n2, using the final conditions:

P2 = 4 atm

V2 = constant

T2 = 3 + 273 = 276 K

n2 = P2V2/RT2 = (4)(constant)/(8.31)(276) = constant/23.12

Finally, we can calculate the percentage of the original gas still remaining:

Percentage = (n2/n1) * 100%

= (constant/23.12) / (constant/27.29) * 100%

= 83.72%

So, the answer is that 83.72% of the original gas is still remaining in the container.

Based on the given information, we can infer that element X is a non-metal that exists as a diatomic molecule.

At 500K, which is between its melting point and boiling point, the substance is in its liquid phase. To draw a molecular-level picture, we can imagine a sample of liquid element X containing diatomic molecules. At 500K, the molecules would be moving around and colliding with each other. Some molecules would have enough kinetic energy to break free from the surface of the liquid and become gas molecules, while others would stick together and remain in the liquid phase.

It's difficult to draw a molecular-level picture, but we can represent a sample of element X at 500K as follows:

        _   _

        / \  / \

       | X | X |

        \_/ \_/

Here, each X represents a diatomic molecule of element X. The wavy lines around the molecules indicate the movement of the molecules due to their kinetic energy. Some of the molecules have enough energy to break free and become gas molecules, while others remain in the liquid phase.

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7.5 × 10¹⁴ Hz is the highest frequency of visible light when wavelengths of visible light range from 400 nm to 700 nm.

Frequency is defined as the quantity of oscillations of a wave per unit of time, expressed in hertz (Hz).

The relationship between pitch and frequency is inverse. Humans can hear sounds with a frequency between 20 and 20000 Hz.

A wavelength is the separation between the two sites that are in phase with one another. As a result, two close wave peaks or troughs are separated by a single full wavelength.

Usually, the letter lambda (λ) is used to indicate a wave's wavelength.

The wave speed is the distance a wave travels in one unit of time (v). Considering that a wave moves one wavelength in a unit of time, v=λ/T

T = 1/f enables us to express the equation above as V = f.

The fact that the wave speed is equal to the product of the frequency and wavelength of the wave implies that frequency and wavelength are related.

The frequency is greatest for the shortest wavelength because the relationship between frequency and wavelength is inverse.

Given

Minimum wavelength of visible light = 400 nm = 4 × 10⁻⁷ m

Speed of light = 3 × 10⁸ m/s

Frequency = c/λ = 3 × 10⁸ / 4 × 10⁻⁷

                 = 7.5 × 10¹⁴ Hz

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When electrons transfer from Complex IV to Complex 02, their potential energy falls. Among the available possibilities, this is the right response.

Compared to ATP, ADP has more potential energy. ADP cannot release a single phosphate group after hydrolysis, whereas ATP may. The dissolution of the covalent bond between two phosphate groups is what gives ATP its energy.

The glucose molecules' molecular bonds serve as energy storage units. Cellular respiration is a mechanism that releases the stored energy after glucose has been digested and transferred to your cells and transforms it into energy that your cells can utilize.

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(a) The displacement with c and d as constants is a solution to the wave equation.

(b) An expression for the wave speed in terms of c and d is undefined, i.e, cannot be defined.

(a)

To show that the displacement, where c and d are constants, is a solution to the wave equation, we need to plug the displacement into the wave equation and see if it satisfies the equation.

The wave equation is:

∂²y/∂x² = (1/v²) ∂²y/∂t²

where y is the displacement, v is the wave speed, x is the position, and t is the time.

Plugging in the displacement, we get:

∂²(c+dx)/∂x² = (1/v²) ∂²(c+dx)/∂t²

Taking the second derivative with respect to x and t, we get:

d²/dx² = (1/v²) d²/dt²

Since d is a constant, the second derivative of c+dx with respect to x and t is 0. So we get:

0 = (1/v²) 0

This equation is satisfied for any value of v.

So the displacement is a solution to the wave equation.

(b)
To find an expression for the wave speed in terms of c and d, we can rearrange the wave equation to get:

v = √(∂²y/∂x²)/(∂²y/∂t²)

Plugging in the displacement, we get:

v = √(d²/dx²)/(d²/dt²)

Since d is a constant, the second derivative of c+dx with respect to x and t is 0. So we get:

v = √(0/0)

This expression is undefined.

So we cannot find an expression for the wave speed in terms of c and d.

Therefore,

a) The displacement with c and d as constants is a solution to the wave equation.

(b) An expression for the wave speed in terms of c and d is undefined, i.e, cannot be defined.

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The angle the car will have traveled when the magnitude of its total acceleration is 2.6 m/s2 is approximately 33.0°.

This can be found using the equation a=v2/r, where a is the magnitude of the total acceleration, v is the tangential velocity, and r is the radius of the curve.

Rearranging this equation to solve for theta (θ), we get θ = (v2/a) x (180/π). Plugging in the given values for a, v, and r, we get θ = (1.4^2/2.6) x (180/π) ≈ 33.0°.

Acceleration is the rate of change of velocity measured in meters per second (m/s) squared. It is the rate at which an object's speed and direction of motion change over time. Acceleration can be caused by a variety of forces, such as gravity, friction, or a push or pull. It can also be caused by changes in speed or direction, such as when an object is speeding up or slowing down.

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The fish must spit the water with 11 m/s to hit its target. The correct answer is (b).

The vertical component of the water's velocity is zero, so we can use the equation v0y^2 = 2gh to solve for the initial velocity of the water.

To hit the insect, the water must travel a horizontal distance equal to the distance between the fish and the insect. Substituting the given values, we get:

v0^2 = 32 / sin^2(theta)

t = v0 sin(theta) / g

d = v0x * t, we get:

d = v0 cos(theta) * (v0 sin(theta) / g)

d = sqrt(32) * cos(theta) / sin(theta)

Solving further,

d = 8 / tan(theta)

d = 8 / tan(30) = 13.9 m

v0^2 = 32 / sin^2(30) = 128

v0 = 11.3 m/s (approximately)

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The reading on the scale will be equal to the normal force exerted by the scale on the person. We can use Newton's second law of motion, which states that the net force acting on an object is equal to its mass times its acceleration:

Net force = mass x acceleration

The person's mass can be calculated using their weight, which is equal to their mass times the acceleration due to gravity (9.81 m/s^2):

Weight = mass x acceleration due to gravity

686 N = mass x 9.81 m/s^2

mass = 70 kg

Now we can use Newton's second law to find the normal force exerted by the scale:

Net force = mass x acceleration

Normal force - Weight = mass x acceleration

Normal force - 686 N = 70 kg x 4.9 m/s^2

Normal force = 1029 N

Therefore, the reading on the scale will be 1029 N. Answer: 1029 N.

The mass of the vapour divided by the total mass of a saturated mixture is known as the vapour mass fraction. This is an important parameter when it comes to understanding the thermodynamic properties of a mixture.

It is also used to calculate the relative humidity of a mixture and the dew point temperature. The vapour mass fraction is determined by dividing the mass of the vapour by the total mass of the saturated mixture. The vapour mass fraction can be determined experimentally by measuring the mass of the vapour and the total mass of the mixture. The vapour mass fraction can also be calculated using the ideal gas law, which states that the mass of the vapour can be determined from the pressure, temperature, and volume of the mixture. The vapour mass fraction is an important parameter for understanding the thermodynamic properties of a mixture and can be used to calculate the relative humidity and the dew point temperature.

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The vapour mass fraction is defined as the mass of the vapour divided by the total mass of a saturated mixture. When attempting to understand the thermodynamic characteristics of a mixture, this is a crucial variable.

It is also used to determine the dew point temperature and the relative humidity of a combination. By dividing the mass of the vapour by the total mass of the saturated mixture, the vapour mass fraction is calculated. By measuring the mass of the vapour and the overall mass of the mixture, the vapour mass fraction can be calculated experimentally. The ideal gas law, which stipulates that the mass of the vapour can be estimated from the pressure, temperature, and volume of the mixture, can also be used to compute the vapour mass fraction. The relative humidity and dew point temperature can be determined using the vapour mass fraction, which is a crucial parameter for understanding the thermodynamic characteristics of a mixture.

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Research helps further the biological perspective when they demonstrated that electrical activity in the brain can predict an individual's behaviour.

Behaviour is the way in which an individual or group acts and reacts to events, people, and their environment. It is the actions of an individual or group and the reactions they cause in others. Behaviour can be conscious or unconscious, voluntary or involuntary, and is often defined in terms of being either adaptive or maladaptive.

This concept, known as neuropsychology, provides evidence that behavior is largely determined by biological processes and can help explain the complex relationships between the brain and behavior. Neuropsychological research has allowed scientists to better understand the neural basis of behavior, allowing a more.

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The required total charge on a spherical shell whose volume density is specified is calculated to be 1.31 × 10⁻⁹ C.

Using the formula, one can get the total charge.

Total charge = Volume density × Volume of sphere

The charge is said to be distributed uniformly throughout the shell with the volume density 6.1 × 10⁻⁴ C/m³.

The inner radius of the spherical shell is given as 3.7 cm = 3.7 × 10⁻² m.

The outer radius of the spherical shell is given as 4.5 cm = 4.5 × 10⁻² m.

Volume of the sphere is calculated as,

V = 4π/3(outer radius - inner radius)³ = 4π/3 (4.5 × 10⁻² - 3.7 × 10⁻²)³ =  4π/3 (0.8 × 10⁻²)³ = 4π/3 × (0.512 × 10⁻⁶) = 2.14 × 10⁻⁶ m³

So, the total charge can be given as,

⇒ 6.1 × 10⁻⁴ - 2.14 × 10⁻⁶ = 1.31 × 10⁻⁹ C.

Thus, the total charge is calculated to be 1.31 × 10⁻⁹ C.

To know more about spherical shells:

https://brainly.com/question/13170797

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