If a Media company advertises its services by sending letters to potential customers and prompting them to contact the firm through a toll-free number, what is this company using

The current spot exchange rate needed to clear the foreign exchange market, given the South African interest rate at 5%, the U.S. interest rate at 3%, and the expected future spot exchange rate at 12.00 Rand per dollar, is 11.64 Rand per dollar.



1. Uncovered interest rate parity (UIP) states that the difference in interest rates between two countries equals the expected change in exchange rates.
2. In this case, the difference in interest rates is 5% (South Africa) - 3% (U.S.) = 2%.
3. To find the expected change in exchange rates, use the formula: (Future Spot Rate - Current Spot Rate) / Current Spot Rate.
4. Rearrange the formula to find the Current Spot Rate: Current Spot Rate = Future Spot Rate / (1 + Expected Change).
5. Convert the 2% difference in interest rates to a decimal: 2% = 0.02.
6. Calculate the Current Spot Rate: 12.00 Rand per dollar / (1 + 0.02) = 11.64 Rand per dollar.

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Debit Advertising Expense: $1,800 Credit Prepaid Advertising: $1,800

Since Robinson Company paid for one year of advertising in advance, the initial journal entry on April 1 was:

Debit Prepaid Advertising: $3,600

Credit Cash: $3,600

As of December 31, nine months have passed, which means that 9/12 or 3/4 of the prepaid advertising has been used. The amount of prepaid advertising that has been used is $3,600 x 3/4 = $2,700.

To adjust the accounts, we need to debit Advertising Expense for $1,800 (which is the amount of prepaid advertising that has been used during the current year), and credit Prepaid Advertising for $1,800 (which is the amount of prepaid advertising that has not yet been used).

After this adjusting entry, the Prepaid Advertising account will have a balance of $900 ($2,700 - $1,800), which represents the amount of prepaid advertising that has not yet been used and will be carried forward to the next accounting period. The Advertising Expense account will have a balance of $1,800, which represents the amount of advertising expense that has been recognized during the current year.

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The cash balance that should appear on the July 31, 2016, financial statements is $2,819.

a. Bank reconciliation: Unadjusted Balance per Bank: $1,522Add: Deposit in transit (June) - $600Add: Deposit in transit (July) - $24,874Less: Outstanding checks (June) - $2,411Less: Outstanding checks (July) - $21,120Less: Incorrectly charged check - $646Adjusted Balance per Bank: $2,819Unadjusted Balance per Books: $10,103
Less: Bank service charge - $107Less: Note paid directly (Principal + Interest) - $6,400Add: Unrecorded inventory acquisition check - $1,130Less: NSF check - $516Adjusted Balance per Books: $2,819
b. Adjusting entries:
1. Dr. Bank service charge expense $107, Cr. Cash $107
2. Dr. Notes payable $6,000, Dr. Interest expense $400, Cr. Cash $6,400
3. Dr. Inventory $1,130, Cr. Cash $1,130
4. Dr. Cash $646, Cr. Accounts payable (Other company) $646
5. Dr. Accounts receivable $516, Cr. Cash $516, Cr. Collection agency fees (if any)
c. Audit procedures for bank reconciliation:
1. Confirm outstanding checks with the bank.
2. Confirm deposits in transit with the bank and review supporting documentation.
3. Review the bank statement for any unusual or unexpected charges.
4. Verify bank service charges and note payments.
5. Review cash receipts and disbursements journals for accuracy.
6. Confirm the NSF check and related collection activities with the collection agency.

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In circumstances under which a person is held liable as a principal even though no actual agency has been created, there is a presumed agency.

This means that even though there is no actual agreement between the principal and agent, the principal is still responsible for the actions of the agent because the agent is acting on behalf of the principal. The presumed agency can arise from the actions or words of the principal that create the appearance of an agency relationship to a third party.

The principal is held liable for the agent's actions because the third party reasonably believed that the agent had the authority to act on behalf of the principal. Therefore, the principal is considered to have created a legal relationship with the third party, making them liable as a principal.

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Assuming Allen saves $200 every month for 5 years, he will have saved a total of $12,000. However, this does not take into account any interest that may accumulate over the 5-year period. If Allen chooses to keep his savings in a piggy bank, he will not earn any interest on his savings.

However, if he opens a savings account and deposits his monthly savings into it, he can earn interest on his savings.
The amount of interest earned will depend on the interest rate of the savings account. For example, if the savings account has an interest rate of 1%, Allen will earn approximately $609 in interest over the 5-year period, bringing his total savings to approximately $12,609. It's important to note that there may be fees associated with maintaining a savings account, so it's important to research and compare different account options before making a decision. If Allen saves by withdrawing $200 from his checking account every month and adds it to a piggy bank, he will have saved $12,000 after 5 years.

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Disability insurance provides an income stream for an individual who is unable to continue working due to accident or illness. However, if a person is under partial disabled, he/she does not qualify for benefits.

Partial disability refers to a situation where an individual is still able to work but may be limited in their ability to perform certain tasks or may need to work reduced hours.

Disability insurance policies typically have strict definitions and criteria for determining when a person is considered totally disabled and eligible for benefits.

The definition of total disability may vary depending on the policy and the insurance provider, but it generally means that the person is unable to perform the substantial and material duties of their regular occupation due to an accident or illness.

It's important to note that the specific criteria for qualifying for disability insurance benefits can vary significantly depending on the policy and insurance provider.

The exact criteria for determining disability and eligibility for benefits can vary depending on the policy and insurance provider, so it's important to carefully review the terms and conditions of any disability insurance policy.

In summary, if a person is under partial disability, he or she may not qualify for disability insurance benefits.

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Even if the Gross National Product (GNP) index is used to measure the well-being of a country, it will fail to show the distribution of wealth, income inequality, and non-monetary factors such as happiness, social cohesion, and environmental sustainability.

GNP only measures the total value of goods and services produced by a country, without taking into account the quality of life of its citizens. Therefore, it is important to use other indicators such as the Human Development Index (HDI) or the Genuine Progress Indicator (GPI) to get a more comprehensive picture of a country's well-being.

Even if the Gross National Product (GNP) index is used to measure the well-being of a country, it will fail to show the distribution of wealth, income inequality, and non-market activities such as unpaid work and volunteer efforts. These factors can greatly impact the overall well-being of a country's citizens, but are not directly reflected in the GNP index.

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To record the transaction of Dawn Framing Gallery selling a frame to Cheryl Gonzales for cash of $1,000, the entry will include a credit to the revenue account.

This is because the sale of the frame represents revenue earned by the business. The revenue account is a nominal account that reflects the income generated by the business during a particular period.

When a business sells goods or services, it generates revenue, which is recognized in the financial statements. The revenue account is credited to reflect the increase in revenue, while the cash account is debited to record the inflow of cash.

The revenue account is an important account in the financial statements, as it reflects the primary source of income for the business. The balance of the revenue account is transferred to the profit and loss account at the end of the financial period to determine the net profit or loss of the business.

In summary, the entry to record the transaction of Dawn Framing Gallery selling a frame to Cheryl Gonzales for cash of $1,000 will include a credit to the revenue account. This reflects the increase in revenue earned by the business from the sale of the frame.

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The answer to the question is that processes associated with non-manufacturing areas of business or administration are referred to as "office processes" or "administrative processes" in Lean terminology.

Lean principles can be applied beyond the manufacturing industry to other areas of a business, including administrative and service processes. These processes can be optimized to eliminate waste, reduce lead times, and improve overall efficiency. Examples of office processes include customer service, accounting, human resources, and procurement. By applying Lean principles to these processes, businesses can improve the quality of their services, reduce costs, and increase customer satisfaction.

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Using the FIFO method of process costing means that the costs associated with the first units to be completed in the production process are allocated to the first units sold. This method assumes that the earliest units in production are the first to be sold, which may not always be the case in practice.

FIFO method of process costing is used to calculate the cost of goods sold (COGS) for a specific period. The method requires that the total costs of the beginning inventory (units started but not finished from the previous period) be added to the total costs incurred during the current period. This total cost is then divided by the total number of units produced during the period to determine the cost per unit. The cost per unit is then multiplied by the number of units sold during the period to determine the COGS.

Overall, using the FIFO method of process costing provides a relatively straightforward way to determine the cost of goods sold for a specific period, although it may not always reflect the actual production and sales processes in practice.

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The investment will be worth approximately $4,677.56 after 6 years.

To solve this problem, we can use the formula for compound interest:

A =[tex]P(1 + r/n)^(nt)[/tex]

Where:

A = the amount of money in the account after a certain number of years

P = the principal (initial amount of money)

r = the annual interest rate (as a decimal)

n = the number of times per year the interest is compounded

t = the number of years

Plugging in the given values, we get:

A =[tex]3900(1 + 0.03/1)^(1*6)[/tex]

A = [tex]3900(1.03)^6[/tex]

A = 4677.56.

The allowance for uncollectible accounts is a contra account that is used to offset accounts receivable on the balance sheet, and it represents the estimated amount of accounts receivable that are unlikely to be collected. When an account is deemed uncollectible, it is written off by reducing accounts receivable and the allowance for uncollectible accounts.

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Under part performance, if the buyer in an alleged contract for the sale of land has paid any portion of the sales price and has begun to improve the land permanently, the court will consider such actions proof of the contract.

Part performance is a legal principle that allows a court to find a contract for the sale of land even if it is not in writing. If the buyer has paid part of the sales price and has begun to make permanent improvements to the land, such actions can serve as evidence of the existence of a contract. This is because it would be unfair to allow the seller to take advantage of the buyer's payment and improvements without recognizing the existence of a valid contract.

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This is because an increase in the number of skilled workers in the labor force will enable a country to produce more goods and services efficiently, which can shift the production possibilities curve outward.

Production refers to the process of creating goods and services by utilizing resources such as labor, capital, and materials. It involves transforming inputs into outputs through various stages of production, such as design, planning, sourcing, manufacturing, assembly, and distribution. Effective production management requires efficient use of resources to ensure that the output is of high quality and is delivered on time and at a reasonable cost.

Production can take place in various forms, including mass production, batch production, continuous production, and job production. The production process is crucial to the success of a business, as it determines the quantity and quality of goods or services that can be produced, and ultimately sold to customers. Effective production processes can lead to increased productivity, improved product quality, and reduced costs. Businesses that are able to produce goods or services efficiently and effectively can gain a competitive advantage in the marketplace.

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The tendency of people to place too much emphasis on personal factors when accounting for other people's actions and too little emphasis on personal factors when accounting for our own actions is known as the fundamental attribution error.

The fundamental attribution error is a cognitive bias that leads people to overemphasize dispositional (personal) factors and underestimate situational factors when explaining the behavior of others, while doing the opposite when explaining their own behavior. For example, if someone sees another person yelling at a waiter in a restaurant, they may assume that the person is rude or aggressive, rather than considering that they may be having a bad day or have been provoked.

The fundamental attribution error can have negative consequences, such as leading to unfair judgments or stereotypes of others. It is important to be aware of this bias and to try to consider both personal and situational factors when evaluating the behavior of others, as well as when evaluating our own behavior.

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(a) Sales: $895,000 Accounts Receivable: $895,000; Collections: $850,250 Accounts Receivable: $850,250 (b) Allowance for Doubtful Accounts: $6,900 Accounts Receivable: $6,900 (c) Accounts Receivable: $3,300 Allowance for Doubtful Accounts: $3,300;  (d) Bad Debt Expense: $17,100 Allowance for Doubtful Accounts: $17,100.

(a) The entry to record sales during the period:

Accounts Receivable        895,000

Sales                                  895,000

The entry to record collections during the period:

Cash                          850,250

Accounts Receivable        850,250

(b) The entry to record the write-off of uncollectible accounts during the period:

Allowance for Doubtful Accounts       6,900

Accounts Receivable                            6,900

(c) The entry to record the recovery of the uncollectible account during the period:

Accounts Receivable                3,300

Allowance for Doubtful Accounts   3,300

(d) The entry to record bad debt expense for the period:

Bad Debt Expense             X

Allowance for Doubtful Accounts       X

To calculate the amount of bad debt expense, we need to consider the change in the allowance for doubtful accounts balance. The current balance in the allowance account is $25,800 (credit), and the previous balance was $9,700 (credit). So, the increase in the allowance balance is $16,100. Therefore, the bad debt expense for the period is $16,100. The entry to record the bad debt expense is:

Bad Debt Expense             16,100

Allowance for Doubtful Accounts       16,100

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Qualified Health Plan meets the minimum value requirement if it is designed to pay at least 60% of the total costs for covered benefits.

This means that the plan must cover at least 60% of the average expected costs of essential health benefits for a standard population. The remaining 40% can be paid by the enrollee through deductibles, coinsurance, or copayments. It's important to note that some states may have higher minimum value requirements, so it's important to check the specific requirements in your state.

A Qualified Health Plan (QHP) meets the minimum value requirement if it is designed to pay at least 60% of the total costs for covered benefits. This percentage is also known as the actuarial value, and it represents the share of healthcare expenses the plan covers for a standard population.

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The amount of the intra-entity gross profit in the transferred ending inventory that serves to reduce the consolidated net income attributable to the noncontrolling interest depends on the transfer price, ownership percentage, and accounting method used for consolidation.

First, we need to consider how the transfer was made. If the transfer was made at cost, then there would be no intra-entity gross profit generated. If the transfer was made at a price above cost, then the gross profit would be calculated as the selling price minus the cost of goods sold. Next, we need to consider the ownership percentage of the subsidiary

In this case, the parent company owns 80% of the subsidiary, which means that the noncontrolling interest owns the remaining 20%. Therefore, the portion of the gross profit that belongs to the noncontrolling interest would be 20%. Finally, we need to consider the accounting method used for consolidation. If the equity method is used, then the noncontrolling interest's share of the intra-entity gross profit would be recognized in the consolidated net income. If the cost method is used, then the intra-entity gross profit would not be recognized in the consolidated net income.

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Novak Company should invest $151,472.66 now to earn a 12% rate of return and receive $460,000 in eleven years.

We need to use the present value formula, which calculates the current value of a future sum of money based on a given interest rate and time period.
The formula is: Present value = Future value / (1 + interest rate) ^ time
In this case, the future value is $460,000, the interest rate is 12%, and the time period is 11 years.
So, plugging in these values, we get:
Present value = 460,000 / (1 + 0.12) ^ 11
Using a calculator, we can simplify this to:
Present value = 460,000 / 3.0375
Present value = $151,472.66

Therefore, Novak Company should invest $151,472.66 now to earn a 12% rate of return and receive $460,000 in eleven years.

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Under the MM zero-tax model, the value of the levered firm would still be $575 million. This is because the zero-tax model assumes that there are no taxes, and therefore the tax shield from the interest paid on the debt is not a factor in determining the value of the firm.

The MM model with zero taxes states that the value of a firm is independent of its capital structure, and therefore the addition of debt does not increase the value of the firm. In this scenario, the unleveled firm and the levered firm are assumed to be identical in every way except for the fact that the levered firm has $125 million in debt.
Since the value of the unleveled firm is $575 million, the value of the levered firm would also be $575 million. The presence of debt does not impact the value of the firm in the MM zero-tax model, and therefore the value of the levered firm is equal to the value of the unlevered firm.

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The statement that tax rules that provide for the deferral of realized gains or losses when contributing property to partnerships allow entrepreneurs to organize their businesses without having to pay taxes is true.

The tax rules allow entrepreneurs to contribute property to partnerships without having to immediately pay taxes on the realized gains or losses. This is known as a deferral of tax liability. This provision is intended to encourage business formation and growth by allowing entrepreneurs to reinvest their gains into the business rather than using them to pay taxes.

Under this provision, when an entrepreneur contributes property to a partnership, they do not recognize any gain or loss on the contribution. Instead, their basis in the partnership interest is equal to the basis in the contributed property. When the partnership sells the property, any gains or losses are allocated to the partners based on their respective ownership interests in the partnership. At that point, the partners would recognize the gain or loss on their individual tax returns.

Overall, this provision provides entrepreneurs with a valuable tool for organizing and growing their businesses. It allows them to defer taxes until they are able to realize the gains, rather than having to pay taxes immediately upon contribution.

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The return on equity (ROE) for Lowell Riverhawk Corporation was 20.83% when  a total debt to assets ratio of 62.5 percent. Its net income last year was $25,000. If the total debt was $200,000.

To calculate the return on equity (ROE), we need to first find the total equity of the Lowell Riverhawk Corporation. We can do this by subtracting the total debt from the total assets:

Total Assets = Total Debt / (Total Debt / Total Assets Ratio)
Total Assets = $200,000 / (62.5%)
Total Assets = $320,000

Total Equity = Total Assets - Total Debt
Total Equity = $320,000 - $200,000
Total Equity = $120,000

Now that we have the total equity, we can calculate the ROE by dividing the net income by the total equity:

ROE = Net Income / Total Equity
ROE = $25,000 / $120,000
ROE = 0.2083 or 20.83%

Therefore, the return on equity (ROE) for Lowell Riverhawk Corporation was 20.83%.

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The current spot rate for the British pound in terms of U.S. dollars so dollar is trading closest to a 180-day forward: 1.66%.

The price stated for immediate settlement on an interest rate, commodity, asset, or currency is known as the spot rate. The spot rate, which is often known as the "spot price," is the current market value of an item that is available for immediate delivery at the time of the quote. This value is then determined by the price that buyers are prepared to pay and the price that sellers are willing to accept. These two values are often determined by a combination of variables, such as the present market value and the anticipated future market value.

Spot prices are location- and time-specific, but in a global economy, when exchange rates are taken into consideration, the spot price of the majority of securities or commodities tends to be fairly consistent across the board.

The dollar must be the base currency in order to determine a percentage forward premium or discount for the US currency. We must convert the spot and forward quotes provided to U.S. dollars per British pound (GBP/USD).

The spot GBP/USD price = 1 / 1.533 = 0.6523

and the forward GBP/USD price = 1 / 1.508 = 0.6631.

Because the forward price is greater than the spot price, we say the dollar is at a forward premium of

= 0.6631 / 0.6523 - 1 = 1.66%.

Alternatively, we can calculate this premium with the given quotes as spot/forward - 1 to get 1.533 / 1.508 - 1 = 1.66%.

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Somalia and Chad are two of these nations with the lowest levels of development. As a result, choices (C) and (F) are appropriate.

A significant trading hub in antiquity was Somalia. It is one of the locations of the former Land of Punt that is most likely to exist. The Ajuran Sultanate, the Adal Sultanate, and the Sultanate of the Geledi were among the strong Somali dynasties that ruled the region's trade during the Middle Ages.

Late in the 19th century, both the Italian and British Empires colonized Somali Sultanates including the Isaaq Sultanate and the Majeerteen Sultanate. Italian nations Somaliland and the British Somaliland Protectorate were the two colonies created by European colonists from the merging of the tribal lands.

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The net cash provided by operating activities for Joshua, Inc can be calculated by using the indirect method of the cash flow statement. The net cash provided by operating activities for Joshua, Inc is $2,450.

First, we need to add back the depreciation expense of $500 to the net income of $3,000. This gives us a total of $3,500. Next, we need to adjust for the changes in working capital accounts. The increase in salaries payable of $50 is added, as it represents an expense that has not yet been paid. The increase in accounts receivable of $400 is subtracted, as it represents a decrease in cash flow. Finally, the increase in operating equipment of $700 is also subtracted, as it represents a cash outflow. The payment of the long term note payable of $600 and payment of dividends of $900 are not included in the calculation of net cash provided by operating activities, as they are considered financing and investing activities, respectively.
Therefore, the net cash provided by operating activities for Joshua, Inc is:
Net income + Depreciation expense = $3,000 + $500 = $3,500
Adjustments for changes in working capital:
+ Increase in salaries payable = $50
- Increase in accounts receivable = $400
- Increase in operating equipment = $700
Net cash provided by operating activities = $3,500 + $50 - $400 - $700 = $2,450
Thus, the net cash provided by operating activities for Joshua, Inc is $2,450.

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The salary paid to the sales force is a fixed cost for the company.

A straight salary compensation plan means that the sales force receives a fixed amount of money as their compensation, regardless of their performance or sales results.

This salary is a predetermined cost for the company, as it does not fluctuate with changes in sales or revenue. Therefore, the salary paid to the sales force is a fixed cost, which is also known as an overhead cost.

Fixed costs are important for businesses to consider when creating budgets and forecasting financial performance, as they can have a significant impact on the company's profitability. By contrast, variable costs, such as commissions or bonuses, are directly tied to sales or revenue and fluctuate accordingly.

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Home Depot segments its campaigns to the Hispanic market; it creates different ads for second- or third-generation Hispanic-Americans, also known as acculturated Hispanics.

Acculturation is the process of integrating two cultures while adapting to the dominant culture of the society. It involves social, psychological, and cultural transformation. Acculturation is the process by which a person adopts, acquires, and adapts to a new cultural environment as a result of being raised in a new culture or when a person is exposed to a different culture.

People from other cultures attempt to assimilate into the new, more dominant culture by engaging in components of it, such as their customs, while clinging to their original cultural values and traditions.Both individuals who are integrating into the culture and those who are devoted to it might experience the consequences of acculturation on a variety of levels.

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The new machine should be recorded at $79,000, which is the cost of the new machine plus the gain on the trade-in: The cost of the new machine should be recorded at $79,000.

To calculate this, we need to determine the book value of the old machine, which is the original cost minus the accumulated depreciation:

Book value of old machine = Cost - Accumulated depreciation

Book value of old machine = $55,000 - $43,500

Book value of old machine = $11,500

The cash paid and the book value of the old machine traded-in amounts to:

Cash paid + Book value of old machine = $56,500 + $11,500 = $68,000

Since the transaction has commercial substance, the company should recognize a gain or loss on the trade-in. To calculate the gain or loss, we need to compare the book value of the old machine with the fair value of the new machine. If the fair value is greater than the book value, there is a gain. If the fair value is less than the book value, there is a loss.

Fair value of new machine = Cash paid + Book value of old machine

Fair value of new machine = $56,500 + $11,500

Fair value of new machine = $68,000

Since the invoice price of the new machine is $66,500, which is less than the fair value of the new machine, there is a gain on the trade-in. The gain is calculated as:

Gain on trade-in = Fair value of new machine - Book value of old machine

Gain on trade-in = $68,000 - $11,500

Gain on trade-in = $56,500

The cost of the new machine is the fair value minus the gain:

Cost of new machine = Fair value of new machine - Gain on trade-in

Cost of new machine = $68,000 - $56,500

Cost of new machine = $11,500

New machine cost = Cost of new machine + Gain on trade-in

New machine cost = $66,500 + $12,500

New machine cost = $79,000

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The journal entry that Savage Company prepared on August 15 would be to record the payment of the amount due on the inventory purchased on account. The entry would include a credit to Accounts Payable for $1,800, which is the amount owed to the supplier.

On August 15, Savage Company prepared the following journal entry for the payment of the purchased inventory, taking into account the credit terms of 3/10, net 30:

1. Accounts Payable (Debit) - $1,746
2. Inventory (Credit) - $54
3. Cash (Credit) - $1,692

Here's a brief explanation of the journal entry:

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The calculation of the cost of equity, where the stock currently sells for $50 per share, and the dividend per share is about $5.

Tom argues that the cost of equity is 10 percent, calculated as $5 (dividend) divided by $50 (stock price). However, this conclusion is incorrect because it does not consider the expected growth rate in dividends, which is an essential component in calculating the cost of equity using the Dividend Discount Model (DDM).

Here's a step-by-step explanation of the correct method to calculate the cost of equity using the DDM:

1. Identify the dividend per share (D1): In this case, the dividend per share is $5.
2. Identify the current stock price (P0): In this case, the current stock price is $50.
3. Estimate the expected growth rate in dividends (g): This information is not provided in the question, so we cannot proceed with the calculation.
4. Calculate the cost of equity (Ke) using the DDM formula: Ke = (D1/P0) + g

As we do not have the expected growth rate in dividends (g), we cannot accurately calculate the cost of equity using the Dividend Discount Model. Tom's conclusion of a 10 percent cost of equity is incorrect because it omits the expected growth rate in dividends, which is a crucial factor in the calculation.

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