Trees take in carbon dioxide and traps it into tissues and soil while at the same time releasing oxygen into the atmosphere. The removal of trees significantly reduces the rate of this process, resulting in higher carbon dioxide in the atmosphere and lower natural oxygen levels.
Definition of Rain ForestRain forest is a type of forest that grows in the tropics. As the name implies, this forest which has the nickname wet forest is never absent from rain. In other words, it is a forest that has a high rainfall intensity.
This forest has a long rainy season, with up to 1,200 millimeters of rain per year. The existence of this high rainfall, causing the dry season in forest areas to be very short. In some places, there is no dry season at all.
The average rain that falls in this area is around 50 to 250 inches each year. Air humidity in this forest area which is always wet averages 77% to 88%.
In warmer years, the forest areas rarely get above 33 degrees. The temperature is generally below 20 degrees Celsius.
Just like primary forest, rainforest is a forest that has fertile soil. This forest has a layer of humus that is formed from green leaves that decay on the ground surface.
Therefore, it is not surprising that scientists claim that because of the fertility of the soil, this forest is inhabited by more than half of the plant and animal species on earth.
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Stress initiates biological changes involving the autonomic and endocrine systems, as well as the system that helps the body ward off illnesses, the:____.
Stress initiates biological changes involving the autonomic and endocrine systems, as well as the system that helps the body ward off illnesses, the immune system.
What is the immune system?The immune system is a body system used by the body to fight against infections and diseases caused by bacteria and viral entities (they are not organisms).
The immune system is composed of physical barriers such as the skin mucous membranes, and endothelia that fight against pathogenic infections.
In conclusion, stress initiates biological changes involving the autonomic and endocrine systems, as well as the system that helps the body ward off illnesses, the immune system.
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The more a sample can be diluted and yet still react with antigen, the __________ the concentration of antibodies in that sample and the __________ is its titer.
The more a sample can be diluted and yet still react with antigen, the higher the concentration of antibodies in that sample and the higher is its titer.
What is antibodies?Antibodies, also called immunoglobulins (Ig), are proteins responsible for warning the body when there is a disease-causing agent (such as bacteria, viruses, among others) in the body. They act to eliminate it, and in the process, other cells will be activated to help with this task.
What is tiltration?Titration is a laboratory procedure used to determine the concentration in amount of matter (titer) of a solution that contains an acid or a base. During the titration, there is always a mixture of solutions containing different solutes with chemical reaction occurring.
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Characteristics we define as homo appear in the fossil record at different times. this is known as:_______
Characteristics we define as homo appear in the fossil record at different times this is known as Mosaic evolution.
Homo genus is basic physical behavior which includes a relatively larges brain , small face and depend on material culture for survival of homo .The oldest humans to have possessed modern human like body with same elongated legs and shorter arms compared to size of torso.
Homogenus is appeared 2 million years ago in several early migrations, spread all over the Africa. It is live hunter gatherer society and control fire.Homo do not appear unified package which appears fossil record at different times.
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A single neuron sends messages and signals to several downstream neurons, and here a single neural pool can relay the output to several neural circuits further downstream in the pathway. What type of circuit is this
It is a type of diverging circuit.
What is a diverging circuit?One neuron connects to several postsynaptic cells in a diverging circuit. One neuron can excite up to thousands of cells because of the synapses between each of these cells and many others.
Several downstream neurons can receive inputs from a single neuron, and multiple downstream neural pools can receive output from a single neural pool. Input from one pathway can result in output through hundreds of additional pathways because each of these neurons or neural pools may communicate with numerous others.
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An organic molecule that is tightly bound to an enzyme and participates in an enzyme catalyzed reaction is specifically referred to as a _____.
Answer:
cofactor
Explanation:
I hope this help
An organic molecule that is tightly bound to an enzyme and participates in an enzyme catalyzed reaction is specifically referred to as a prosthetic group, which is in option E. Hence, option E is the correct option.
A prosthetic group is an organic molecule that is tightly and permanently bound to an enzyme and participates directly in the enzyme-catalyzed reaction. Prosthetic groups are a type of coenzyme, which are small, non-protein molecules that help enzymes perform their catalytic functions. However, unlike some coenzymes that may bind loosely and reversibly to the enzyme, prosthetic groups remain tightly attached and are considered essential components of the enzyme's active site, playing a crucial role in the catalytic process. Hence, option E is the correct option.
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Complete question is below,
An organic molecule that is tightly bound to an enzyme and participates in an enzyme catalyzed reaction is specifically referred to as a _____.
A) cofactor
B) metal ion
C) coenzyme
D) cosubstrate
E) prosthetic group
During gene therapy, bone marrow stem cells are removed from the individual. What must happen to those cells before they are injected back into the individual
During gene therapy, Viruses act as vectors to carry the normal gene into the genome of the stem cells.
Gene therapy uses viruses to implant therapeutic genes into stem cells. Viruses proliferate by injecting their genetic material into living cells. A virus is utilized to implant a healthy version of the ADA gene into the patient's stem cells in order to treat ADA-SCID.
Since stem cells may regenerate on their own, the need for recurrent injections of therapeutic cells may be reduced or perhaps eliminated in cell-based gene therapy. Gene therapy's main objective is to treat illnesses brought on by damaged genes.
Cell treatment is the transfer of cells to a patient, whereas gene therapy involves the transfer of genetic material into the proper cells. The transfer of genetic material during gene therapy often occurs in vector form.
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Substance A is transported from the plasma of the peritubular capillary into the fluid of the renal tubule. Substance A is said to be __________.
The transport of substance A from peritubular capillary into the fluid of renal tubule is Tubular secretion.
What is Tubular secretion?
Tubular secretion is the phenomenon of transfer of materials from peritubular capillaries to fluid of renal tubule. It is basically a process of toxins removal from blood capillaries and tissues and their active secretion into the nephrons. The nephrons are surrounded by peritubular capillaries and the exchange between nephron and blood occurs via peritubular capillaries. The tubular secretion is most active in proximal convoluted tubule (PCT). Tubular secretion is an important parameter for measuring kidney function and excretion process. It also maintains the blood pH.
Hence, the substance A that is transported from plasma of peritubular capillary into fluid of reanl tubule is said to be secreted.
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Different cyclin-dependent protein kinases (cdks) trigger different stages of the cell cycle in part because of which reason(s)?
Different cyclin-dependent protein kinases trigger different stages of the cell cycle because they are synthesized and increase their levels at different stages of the cycle.
What are cyclin-dependent protein kinases?Cyclin-dependent protein kinases are key proteins during the progression of the cell cycle that works together with cyclin proteins.
These proteins (cyclin-dependent protein kinases ) are able to phosphorylate different substrates during the cell cycle.
In conclusion, different cyclin-dependent protein kinases trigger different stages of the cell cycle because they are synthesized and increase their levels at different stages of the cycle.
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Aside from neurons, epithelia are the only other tissue that can sometimes serve as?
Aside from neurons, epithelia are the only other tissue that can sometimes serve as sensory perception.
The epithelium is a type of body tissue that covers all of the internal and exterior body surfaces, lines hollow organs and body cavities, and makes up the majority of glandular tissue. It serves a range of purposes, including absorption, secretion, and protection.
Your body can pick up external sensory impulses thanks to sensory nerve endings embedded in epithelial tissue. As an illustration, hearing and balance depend on the stereocilia on the outer surface of the epithelial tissue in your ear.
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ANSWER IF YOU SEE THIS ITS URGENTTT PLEASE ANSWER IF YOU KNOW THE ANSWER ITS A LEVEL BIOLOGY WILL MARK BRAINLIEST TO A GOOD ANSWER THAT EXPLAIN IT WELL!
Which of these chemical formulae represents a dissacharide? justify your answer
a.) C6H12O6
b.) C5H10O5
c.) C10H18O9
d.) C12H24O12
The chemical formulae which represents a disaccharide from the answer choice above is C10H18O9.
It is called Ribo-ribo disaccharide ( C10H18O9 ).
What are dissacharides?Disaccharides are substances which are composed of two molecules of simple sugars (monosaccharides) linked to each other. They are also known as double sugar.
They refer to any sugar, such as sucrose, maltose and lactose, consisting of two monosaccharides combined together.
Monosaccharide on the other hand, refers to simple sugar such as glucose, fructose or deoxyribose that has a single ring.
So therefore, chemical formulae which represents a disaccharide from the answer choice above is C10H18O9.
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Widely distributed in many foods, phosphorous is especially abundant in foods high in:_______
a. starches.
b. dietary fiber.
c. fat.
d. protein.
D. Protein.
Widely distributed in many foods, phosphorous is especially abundant in foods high in protein.
Phosphorus is found in many foods and is found in high amounts in foods that contain protein. Phosphorus is found in smaller amounts in vegetables and fruit. Phosphorus is the second most abundant mineral in the body, second to calcium.
The main function of phosphorus is in the formation of bones and teeth. It plays an important role in how the body uses carbohydrates and fats. It is also needed for the body to make protein for the growth, maintenance, and repair of cells and tissues.
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What do only eukaryotes have
1. Which of the following is a characteristic of a cartilaginous fish?
1 : dermal denticles
2 : external fertilization
3 :bilaterally flattened
According to the research, the correct option is 3. Bilaterally flattened is a characteristic of a cartilaginous fish.
What is a cartilaginous fish?They are a class of fish characterized by having dermal scales and with widened paired fins whose skeleton is made up of cartilage.
They have a hydrodynamic shape being bilaterally flattened, that is, they are flattened in the dorso-ventral axis, which allows them to do the constant movements necessary to propel those fish through the water and avoid sinking in the water.
Therefore, we can conclude that the correct option is 3. Bilaterally flattened is a characteristic of a cartilaginous fish.
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A test cross is a mating of an individual with an unknown genotype and an individual that?
A Test cross is mating of an individual with an unknown genotype and an individual with recessive genotype of the same trait.
The test cross is performed to determine the genotype of dominant phenotype plant, whether it is homozygous or heterozygous dominant.
The resulting progeny ratio helps to predict the parent genotype. That is, If all the progenies show dominant phenotype, then the unknown parent is homozygous dominant. If they show a 1:1 ratio, then the parent is heterozygous dominant.
In other terms, homozygous dominant parent (PP) crossing with recessive parent (pp) can only produce progenies with dominant phenotype (PP / Pp), while heterozygous dominant parent (Pp) with recessive parent (pp) can produce both dominant and recessive progenies (PP / Pp / pp).
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An intravenous hypertonic solution containing dextrose, proteins, vitamins, and minerals is known as?
An intravenous hypertonic solution containing dextrose, proteins, vitamins, and minerals is known as total parenteral nutrition
A hypertonic solution is one that has more dissolved particles than normal cells and blood do, including salt and other electrolytes. For instance, wounds are soaked in hypertonic liquids.
Blood has a lower concentration of dissolved particles than hypertonic fluids. 3 percent Normal Saline is an illustration of a hypertonic IV solution (3 percent NaCl). The intravascular space has a higher concentration of dissolved solutes than the cells when hypertonic fluids are injected. In contrast to a hypotonic solution, a hypertonic solution includes more of the other substance and less water.
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Resting-State Functional Connectivity DisruptionAs a Pathological Biomarker in Autosomal DominantAlzheimer Disease\
Resting-state functional connectivity noninvasively measures the association of signaling among brain regions and can be used to identify resting-state networks (RSNs).
What is Pathological Biomarker in Autosomal Dominant Alzheimer's Disease?
The study of rare families with autosomal dominant mutations that cause early-onset AD has had a significant impact on our understanding of the pathophysiology of Alzheimer's disease (AD). Amyloid- peptide (A-) overproduction is brought on by mutations in the APP, PSEN-1, and PSEN-2 genes, which result in early A-peptide deposition in the brain. This, in turn, is thought to set off a series of events that eventually lead to neuronal death, cognitive decline, and dementia. Studies on cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) from people with late-onset AD (LOAD), the most prevalent form of AD, have shown that low CSF A42 and high CSF tau are related to AD brain pathology.
CSF biomarkers in autosomal dominant AD (ADAD) have helped to create a thorough road map of AD pathogenesis, particularly during the preclinical stage, before any cognitive symptoms started to show. To hasten the creation of viable treatments for AD, ongoing pharmacological studies are also employing CSF biomarkers and capitalizing on the special features of ADAD.
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In green vegetables, such as broccoli, the orange pigments of provitamin A carotenoids are masked by
In green vegetables, such as broccoli, the orange pigments of provitamin A carotenoids are masked by lycopene.
What is lycopene good for?
Strong antioxidant lycopene has a number of positive health effects, including as better heart health, reduced risk of certain cancers, and protection from the sun. Although it is available as a supplement, eating lycopene-rich foods like tomatoes and other red or pink fruits may be the best way to get the greatest benefit.What is the side effects of lycopene?
Low blood pressure, an increased risk of bleeding, and digestive problems are some possible negative effects . There have been cases of lycopenaemia, a condition when eating a lot of lycopene-rich foods causes the skin to turn orange .Which of the following is best for preserving the vitamin content of food?
Storing food in the pantry is the best way to preserve its vitamin content. Antioxidants are compounds that protect the body against damage from free radicals.Learn more about lycopene
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The process of storing glucose as glycogen is known as?
Answer:
Glycogenesis
Explanation:
Any bodily movement produced by skeletal muscles that require energy to be used is called __________
Body movement produced by skeletal muscles that require the use of energy is referred to as physical activity.
What is Physical activity?This involves the movement of the skeletal muscles when performing different actions in our day to day activities.
It requires the use of energy to fuel the process which is the main reason why calorie intake is vital in every individual.
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what is the function of any muscle tissue?
Neurons in the somatosensory cortex receive somatic sensory information from ______.
Neurons in the somatosensory cortex receive somatic sensory information from Efferent neurons.
The somatosensory cortex gets tactile records from the body, along with sensations such as contact, pressure, temperature, and ache. This sensory records is then carried to the brain thru neural pathways to the spinal wire, brainstem, and thalamus.
The number one somatosensory vicinity of the human cortex is placed within the postcentral gyrus of the parietal lobe. The postcentral gyrus is the place of the primary somatosensory vicinity, the vicinity of the cortex dedicated to the processing of touch information.
Sensory receptors are categorized into five classes: mechanoreceptors, thermoreceptors, proprioceptors, ache receptors, and chemoreceptors.
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Neurons in the somatosensory cortex receive somatic sensory information from Afferent neurons.
Afferent Neurons or Sensory Neurons receive information from the sensory neurons to the somatosensory cortex.
The somatosensory cortex gets tactile records from the body. Along with sensations such as pressure and temperature.
The sensory records is carried to the brain through neural pathways to the spinal cord and deep brain.
The number one somatosensory vicinity of the human cortex is placed within the postcentral gyrus of the parietal lobe. The postcentral gyrus is the place of the primary somatosensory vicinity, the vicinity of the cortex dedicated to the processing of touch information.
Sensory receptors are of following types:
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Which of the following has a primary role in attacking cancer cells and protecting against some pathogens by killing harmful cells on contact
The high level of diversity in the fossils found at the sites of Jebel Irhoud, Omo, and Herto in Africa support
The first fossils of Homo sapiens are found across the African continent: Jebel Irhoud, Morocco (300,000 years old), Florisbad, South Africa (260,000 years old) and Omo Kibish, Ethiopia (195,000 years old). This indicates a complex evolutionary history of our species, possibly involving the entire African continent.
Where was the oldest human fossil found?Named Omo I, the fossils were found in the 1960s, in the Omo Kibish Formation, Ethiopian part of the Rift Valley, in the eastern portion of the African continent. The region is an area of high volcanic activity and a rich source of early human remains, as well as artifacts such as stone tools.
With this information, we can conclude that The oldest fossils ever found of modern humans (Homo sapiens) are at least 233,000 years old.
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When analyzing photosynthetic microorganisms in a lake you often find that the photosynthetic microorganisms growing at the very surface are green, while photosynthetic microorganisms growing deeper are often purple. What is the energetic and molecular reasoning for the purple coloring in the lower levels
The photosynthetic microorganisms growing at the very surface are green, while photosynthetic microorganisms growing deeper are often purple because purple bacteria need an anoxic condition.
Purple microbes are anoxygenic phototrophs generally spread in nature, particularly in aquatic environments. Purple microbes are emphatically photoheterotrophs, regardless of whether they are fit for photoautotrophy, they are prepared for living in dull and deeper conditions in the aquatic region on account of the anoxic circumstances that favor the synthesis of their pigments.
In all cases, there is light absorption by a pigment that gets energized by a photon of light. This isolates electrons from a particle coupled to an ETS that is homologous to those of respiratory ETS.
Purple microbes catch light not utilized by other phototrophs. The pinnacle frequency consumed by bacteriochlorophyll P870 lies such a long way into the infrared (800-1,100 nm) that the photon energy is inadequate to lessen NAD(P) to NAD(P)H.
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In ______ reproduction, genetically identical offspring are produced, while in ______ reproduction, offspring are genetically different from each other.
In asexual reproduction, genetically identical offspring are produced, while in sexual reproduction, offspring are genetically different from each other.
Sexual reproduction is a sort of reproduction that involves a complex existence cycle wherein a gamete (inclusive of a sperm or egg mobile) with an unmarried set of chromosomes (haploid) combines with another to provide a zygote that develops into an organism composed of cells with two sets of chromosomes (diploid).
Sexual reproduction is the maximum common existence cycle in multicellular eukaryotes, which includes animals, fungi, and plants.
Asexual reproduction is a sort of reproduction that doesn't involve the fusion of gametes or change in the number of chromosomes. The offspring that get up by asexual reproduction from both unicellular and multicellular organisms inherit the whole set of genes in their single parent. Asexual reproduction is the number one shape of reproduction for single-celled organisms including archaea and bacteria.
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Because of concern about mercury contamination, pregnant women are advised to avoid:_______
Scientists use the scientific process to which mechanisms underlie observations; they do not if a particular finding is correct or not. a broad statement called a can be used to solidify reasoning before setting up an experiment, and then the scientific process is followed to test one's idea. to illustrate, consider this scenario: suppose you are a researcher investigating the impact of eating eggs on cholesterol levels. your states "consuming an egg everyday increases blood cholesterol". you use a carefully designed experiment to determine if your statement is or not. in this experiment, number of eggs is the , while cholesterol level in the blood is the . you recruit 100 subjects and divide them into two groups: the corresponds to subjects who will eat an egg everyday, and the comprises individuals who will not consume eggs. in order to avoid confounding results, both groups need to have like same gender, similar age, consistent baseline cholesterol measurements, equivalent food consumption, identical exercise routine, etc. in a well-designed experiment, there should only be one variable, but many variables. after a six-month trial, your data show both groups have similar blood cholesterol measurements. your conclusions include that eating one egg everyday for one year does not raise blood cholesterol; your hypothesis was .
The hypothesis was that eating one egg everyday for one year may or may not raise blood cholesterol levels.
What is a hypothesis?A hypothesis is an explanation given prior to testing of an observation.
A hypothesis aims to give a reasonable explanation for a given observation.
The experiment given was designed to test if eating one egg everyday for one year will raise blood cholesterol.
Therefore, the hypothesis was that eating one egg everyday for one year may or may not raise blood cholesterol levels.
In conclusion, a hypothesis is like a guess without testing.
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A gene is a _______________________. Group of answer choices display of the chromosome pairs of a cell complete set of an organism's polypeptides that perform many functions complete set of a cell's polysaccharides that store energy specific sequence of DNA nucleotides that encodes inherited traits
What is a gene?
According to Mendel something was being stably passed down, unchanged, from parent to offspring through the gametes, over successive generations. He called these things as ‘factors’ now called as genes. Genes, therefore, are the units of inheritance. They contain the information that is required to express a particular trait in an organism. Genes which code for a pair of contrasting traits are known as alleles, i.e., they are slightly different forms of the same gene. There is no ambiguity that the genes are located on the DNA, it is difficult to literally define a gene in terms of DNA sequence. The DNA sequence coding for tRNA or rRNA molecule also defines a gene. A cistron is defined as a segment of DNA coding for a polypeptide, the structural gene in a transcription unit could be said as monocistronic (mostly in eukaryotes) or polycistronic (mostly in bacteria or prokaryotes).To learn more about transcription:
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What technique uses a series of criteria and questions referring to physical characteristics to narrow down and determine the classification or name of a species?
A. Classification
B. Phylogenetics
C. Dichotomous Key
D. Binomial naming
abc or d with a simple explanation
Dichotomous key is the technique which uses a series of criteria and questions referring to physical characteristics to classify species.
What is Dichotomous key?This was created by scientists to help classify different types of species in the ecosystem.
This employs the use of questions to contrast species in order to look for similar features to group them.
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PLEASE ANSWER QUICK
Who were the scientists that hypothesized that RNA was the first self-replicating information storage molecule that catalyzed the assembly of the first proteins?
Group of answer choices
Watson and Crick.
Cech and Altman.
Lerman and Urey.
Darwin and Pasteur.
Cech and Altman discovered the self-replication and biocatalytic properties of RNA. Option B.
What did Cech and Altman discover?
After several years of research, Cech and Altman discovered that, apart from being inheritable molecules and being involved in protein synthesis, RNA functions as a biocatalyst -just like enzymes- .
These scientists discovered that RNA shares with DNA the capability of transmitting genetic information and with proteins the capability of facilitating chemical reactions as a biocatalyst.
They could prove that,
RNA can self-replicate because it carries the genetic information needed to do it and does not need other proteins. It has a significant protagonism in cellular metabolism.
In the enzyme's and additional energy absence, the molecule can start its maturation process, catalyzing reactions by itself. Cech named this RNA form with enzymatic function ribozyme.
This was a significant discovery since it demonstrated that not only proteins were involved in biological reactions.
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