Answer: 0.188 kJ
Explanation: (0.46g C2H5Cl)(1 mol C2H5Cl/64.51g C2H5Cl)(26.4 kJ/1 mol C2H5Cl) = 0.188 kJ
I hope this helps!
The heat of vaporization is the quantity of heat which needs to be absorbed to vaporize a particular quantity of a liquid at a constant temperature. The kilojoules of heat absorbed is 0.177 kJ.
What is molar heat of vaporization?The molar heat of vaporization is defined as the energy which is required to vaporize one mole of a liquid. The units are usually kilojoules per mole, or kJ/mol. It is an important part of energy calculations which tells how much energy is needed to boil each mole of substance on hand.
Since the vaporization and condensation of a given substance are the exact opposite processes, the numerical value of the molar heat of vaporization is same as the numerical value of the molar heat of condensation.
0.46 g C₂H₅Cl × 1 mol C₂H₅Cl / 64 g C₂H₅Cl × 24.7 kJ / 1 mol = 0.177 kJ
Thus the kilojoules of heat absorbed is 0.177 kJ.
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consider an ideal gas of molecules, with n adsorbing sites. each site can be occupied or unoccupied by one or two of the ideal gas molecules. determine the average number of molcules adsorbed by the table
The average number of molecules adsorbed by the table is the number of different ways of placing a total of r particles on n adsorption sites when two particles can occupy each site given by (r + n-1) C (n-1).
This formula follows from the fact that each placement corresponds to choosing n-1 boundaries that divide the particles into n groups (each group may be empty) and then putting one group into each adsorption site. Thus the required number of ways is(r + n-1) C (n-1). The number of ways of placing r particles on n adsorption sites when one or two particles can occupy each site is the sum of the number of ways in which exactly one particle occupies a site and the number of ways in which two particles occupy a site. Each adsorption site can be either empty, occupied by one molecule, or occupied by two molecules. Therefore, there are three different states that each adsorption site can have. There are n adsorption sites, and therefore there are 3n different states that the table can have. Each state is characterized by the number of molecules adsorbed by the table. Therefore, the average number of molecules adsorbed by the table is given by the sum of the number of molecules adsorbed in each state, divided by the total number of states. The number of molecules adsorbed in each state is the sum of the number of molecules adsorbed by each adsorption site, overall adsorption sites. Therefore, the number of molecules adsorbed in each state is either 0, 1, or 2.
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Which one of the following compounds behaves as an acid when dissolved in water?
A. RaO
B. RbOH
C. C4H10
D. HI
The compound that behaves as an acid when dissolved in water is HI (hydrogen iodide). Thus, the correct option will be D.
What is an acid?HI is an Arrhenius acid, meaning it produces hydrogen ions (H⁺) in aqueous solution. The compound that behaves as an acid when dissolved in the water Hydrogen iodide (HI). HI is a diatomic molecule and a colorless gas at room temperature.
Hydrogen iodide is a strong acid when dissolved in water, with a pKa of −10. Hydrogen iodide is also used as a reducing agent in organic chemistry in the production of iodinated compounds.
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HOW MANY LITERS OF H2 DO YOU HAVE IF YOU START WITH 1.5 MOLES OF H2?
If you started with 1.5 moles of H2 at STP, you would have approximately 33.6 liters of volume of hydrogen (H₂) gas.
What is the volume of the hydrogen gas at STP?
To determine the number of liters of H2 you have, we need to consider the conditions under which the gas is being held (i.e. temperature and pressure), as well as the molar volume of H2 at those conditions.
At standard temperature and pressure (STP), which is 0°C (273.15 K) and 1 atm (101.325 kPa), the molar volume of any ideal gas is approximately 22.4 L/mol.
Therefore, at STP, 1.5 moles of H₂ would occupy approximately:
V = n x Vm = 1.5 mol x 22.4 L/mol = 33.6 L
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The complete question is below:
HOW MANY LITERS OF H2 DO YOU HAVE IF YOU START WITH 1.5 MOLES OF H2? (assume STP condition)
comparing rates of change comparing midpoint and equivalence point which of the following statements is the correct comparison of the midpoint and equivalence point rates of change of ph ph as a function of volume and its consequence for the careful determination of ph ph: the rate of change of ph ph vs. volume is greater at the midpoint than it is at the equivalence point leading to a greater uncertainty in the measurement of ph ph at the midpoint than at the equivalence point. the rate of change of ph ph vs. volume is greater at the equivalence point than it is at the midpoint leading to greater uncertainty in the measurement of ph ph at the equivalence point. the rate of change of ph ph vs. volume is greater at the midpoint than it is at the equivalence point leading to a greater uncertainty in the measurement of ph ph at the equivalence point than at the midpoint. the rate of change of ph ph vs. volume is greater at the equivalence point than it is at the midpoint leading to a greater uncertainty in the measurement of ph ph at the midpoint than at the equivalence point.
The following statement is the correct comparison of the midpoint and equivalence point rates of change of pH as a function of volume and its consequence for the careful determination of pH:
The rate of change of pH vs. volume is greater at the equivalence point than it is at the midpoint leading to a greater uncertainty in the measurement of pH at the equivalence point than at the midpoint.
Midpoint- It is the point in the titration where half the analyte has been neutralized by the titrant. This point lies at the middle of start point and equivalence point.
Equivalence point- An equivalence point is the point at which the two reactants are present in stoichiometric amounts in a chemical reaction. During an acid-base titration, the equivalence point is reached when the number of moles of the acid equals the number of moles of the base. When an acid is titrated with a base, the solution's pH begins low and rises rapidly, indicating the formation of the conjugate base. The pH rises quickly at first and then slows as the solution approaches the equivalence point. After the equivalence point, adding more base has a much smaller effect on the pH.
Therefore, the correct answer is option B.
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Label each of the following species as a strong acid, a weak acid, a strong base, or a weak base. (1) LiOH [ Select] (2) CH3NH2 [ Select ] (3) HF [Select) (4) HBO [Select)
The given species and their label as strong acid, weak acid, strong base or weak base are: Strong acid: LiOH, strong base: CH₃NH₂ and Weak base: HF weak acid: HBO.
What is an acid and a base?An acid is a molecule that donates hydrogen ions or protons and/or accepts electrons. When dissolved in water, it increases the concentration of H⁺ ions. Acids have a pH of less than 7.
A base is a substance that accepts hydrogen ions or protons and/or donates electrons. When dissolved in water, it increases the concentration of OH⁻ ions. Bases have a pH greater than 7.
A strong acid is an acid that is 100% ionized in water. It is highly reactive and has a low pH.
A weak acid is an acid that partially dissociates in water. It is less reactive than a strong acid and has a pH greater than 7.0.
A strong base is a base that is completely ionized in water. It has a high pH and is highly reactive.
A weak base is a base that partially dissociates in water. It is less reactive than a strong base and has a pH less than 7.0.
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an ideal gas undergoes an isothermal expansion from state a to state b. in this process O Q> 0, AU = 0, W <0. O Q> 0, AU = 0,W > 0. O Q=0, AU > 0,W >0. O Q=0, AU <0,W<0 O Q = 0, AU = 0,W > 0.
In an isothermal expansion, option A Q> 0, AU = 0,W <0 marks the correct choice, where Q denotes the heat added, AU denotes the inertial energy change, and W is the work done.
In an isothermal expansion process of an ideal gas from state A to state B, the internal energy change (AU) is zero because the temperature remains constant. The work done (W) by the gas is negative because it loses energy in expanding against an external pressure. The heat added (Q) to the gas is positive because it absorbs energy from its surroundings to maintain its temperature constant.
While the system's temperature remains constant, isothermal expansion is a thermodynamic process that increases volume or decreases pressure. When isothermal expansion occurs in an ideal gas, T = 0, or no change in temperature, occurs. As the system performs it, the work done in an isothermal expansion is beneficial.
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Complete question is:
An ideal gas undergoes an isothermal expansion from state a to state b. In this process:
A. Q> 0, AU = 0, W <0.
B. Q> 0, AU = 0,W > 0.
C. Q=0, AU > 0,W >0.
D. Q=0, AU <0,W<0
E. Q = 0, AU = 0,W > 0
1) A 50.0 gram sample of water is heated from 20.5 oC to 27.1 oC. How many Joules of heat were added to this solution?2) A 17.27 gram sample of aluminum initially at 92 degrees is added to a container containing water. The final temperature of the metal is 25.1 oC. What is the total amount of energy in Joules added to the water? What was the energy lost by the metal?3) Mixing 25.0 mL of 1.2 M HCl and 25.0 mL of 1.1 M NaOH were mixed. The temperature of the initial solution was 22.4 oC. Assuming a Heat of Neutralization of -55.8 KJ/mol, what would the final temperature be if the specific heat for this solution is 4.03 J/g?
The equation Q = mCT, where m is the mass of the water, C is its specific heat capacity, and T is the temperature change, We obtain Q as follows by substituting the values: (50.0 g) (4.18 J/goC) (27.1 oC - 20.5 oC) = 1393 J.
The equation Q = mCT, where m is the mass of the water, C is its specific heat capacity, and T is the temperature change, can be used to compute the energy gained by the water. Q = (17.27 g) (0.902 J/goC) (25.1 oC - 92 oC) = -2644 J, where the negative sign denotes energy loss by the metal, is obtained by substituting the numbers. According to the given reaction's heat of neutralisation, 55.8 kJ of heat are emitted for every mole of reacting HCl and NaOH. The formula n = C V, where C is the concentration and V is the volume, can be used to determine the number of moles of HCl and NaOH. With the numbers substituted, we obtain n(HCl) = (1.2n(NaOH) = (1.1 mol/L) (0.025 L) = 0.0275 mol and n(NaOH) = (1.1 mol/L) (0.025 L) = 0.03 mol, respectively. NaOH is limiting, therefore when 0.0275 mol of HCl and 0.0275 mol of NaOH combine, 55.8 kJ of heat are produced. The formula Q = n H, where n is the number of moles of the limiting reactant and H is the heat of reaction, can be used to determine the overall amount of heat emitted. We obtain Q = (0.0275 mol) (-55.8 kJ/mol) = -1.5365 kJ by substituting the variables. Q = mCT, where m is the mass of the solution, C is its specific heat capacity, and T is the change in temperature, can be used to determine how much heat the solution absorbs. When the values are substituted, we obtain Q = (50.0 g) (4.03).
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niacin is one of the b vitamins with the formula hc5h4nco2. consider a 0.020m solution of niacin with a ph of 3.26. use this information to find the ka of niacin.
a. 5.9 x 10 ^-9
b. 1.5 x 10 ^-5
c. 5.5 x 10 ^-4
d. 3.3 x 10 ^-3
e. 6.6 x 10 ^4
The Ka of niacin can be calculated using the pH and concentration of the niacin solution as 5.9 × 10⁻⁹. Niacin is a weak acid. Thus, the correct option is A.
What is the meaning of the Ka of a weak acid?The acidity constant of a weak acid is known as the Ka. It is a measure of the acidity of a weak acid, which is a substance that does not completely dissociate in water. The expression for the acid dissociation of the weak acid (HA) can be given as follows:
HA ⇋ H⁺ + A⁻
Initially, the concentration of the HA in the solution is [HA]. When an acid is added to the water, the concentration of hydrogen ion [H⁺] is increased. At the same time, the concentration of the conjugate base [A⁻] increases. At equilibrium, the concentration of the three substances will be as follows:
[H⁺] = x[A⁻] = x[HA] = [HA] - x
The pH of a solution can be calculated from [H⁺] as follows:
pH = - log10 [H⁺]
The Ka is calculated using the equilibrium expression below:
Ka = [H⁺][A⁻] / [HA]
Substitute the given values into the equations.
pH = 3.26
pH = -log10 [H+]
[H+] = 6.9 × 10⁻⁴
[HA] = 0.02M
Ka = [H+][A-] / [HA]
Ka = (6.9 × 10⁻⁴)² / (0.02 - 6.9 × 10⁻⁴)
Ka = 5.9 × 10⁻⁹
Hence, the Ka of niacin is 5.9 × 10⁻⁹.
Therefore, the correct option is A.
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which changes are evidence of a chemical reaction?
Precipitate production, gas evolution, heat release or absorption, a change in colour or odour, and the creation of a new material are all examples of chemical reaction evidence.
Atoms can rearrange themselves or new chemical connections can be created during a chemical reaction. One or more of the observable indicators listed below are typically present along with these changes:
Precipitate formation: A precipitate is a solid that develops from a chemical reaction in a solution. It is an obvious sign that a chemical reaction has occurred. Gas evolution: A chemical reaction can be detected by the emergence of gas bubbles, effervescence, or foaming. Heat production or absorption might indicate a chemical reaction by changing the temperature. Although an endothermic process takes in heat, an exothermic reaction releases heat. A change in colour or smell is frequently an indication of a chemical reaction. development of a brand-new substance A new substance or substances are created as a result of a chemical reaction that are chemically different from the original substance (s). Any of these symptoms will exist if a chemical reaction has taken place. However, because some reactions may be sluggish or fail to create any noticeable changes, the absence of these indicators does not always imply that a reaction has not taken place.
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If breaking bonds requires energy IN, or takes energy, what mathematical function (+, −, ×, ÷) should we use to represent this process in a computational model?
Answer:
The mathematical function that represents breaking bonds requiring energy in a computational model is the addition symbol (+).
Breaking a bond requires the input of energy, which means that energy is being added to the system. Therefore, the energy required to break a bond can be represented as a positive value, which is added to the total energy of the system. For example, if the energy required to break a bond is 10 joules, and the initial energy of the system is 100 joules, the total energy after the bond is broken would be 110 joules.
On the other hand, when forming bonds, energy is typically released or given off by the system. This means that the energy required for bond formation can be represented by a negative value, which would be subtracted from the total energy of the system.
Explanation:
coefficient in a chemical reaction is a number that goes in front of an element or compound in a balanced equation. for example in the balanced equation below the coefficient in front of the h2o is 2, meaning 2 molecules of h2o are reacting to make 2 molecules of h2 and 1 molecule of o2. 2 h2o --> 2 h2 o2 what is the coefficient that goes in front of the eca in the reaction below. e3bc4 d(ca)2 --> d3(bc4)2 eca
The coefficient that goes in front of the ECA in the chemical reaction given above is 2.
It has been indicated that coefficient in a chemical reaction is a number that goes in front of an element or compound in a balanced equation. The unbalanced chemical equation for the given reaction is:
[tex]E_{3} BC_{4} D(CA)_{2}[/tex] → [tex]D_{3} (BC_{4} ) ECA[/tex]
The balanced equation of the chemical reaction above is:
[tex]2E_{3} BC_{4} D(CA)_{2}[/tex] → [tex]D_{3} (BC_{4} )_{2} ECA[/tex]
We can see that 2 comes before ECA in the balanced chemical equation above. Therefore, the coefficient that goes in front of the ECA in the chemical reaction given above is 2.
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what is the [H3O+] and the pH of a buffer that consists of 0.41 M HNO2 and 0.66 M KNO2? (Ka of HNO2=7.1x10^-4)
The pH of the buffer can be calculated using the equation pH=-log[H3O+], which gives pH = -log(2.9x10^-4) = 3.54.
PH is the degree of acidity or alkalinity of a solution, expressed in base 10 as the negative logarithm of the H ion concentration.
The [H3O+] and pH of a buffer that consists of 0.41 M HNO2 and 0.66 M KNO2 can be calculated using the Ka value of HNO2, which is 7.1x10^-4.
The [H3O+] is equal to the concentration of the acidic component (HNO2) times Ka, so [H3O+]= 0.41 M * 7.1x10^-4 = 2.9x10^-4 M.
The pH of the buffer can be calculated using the equation pH=-log[H3O+], which gives pH = -log(2.9x10^-4) = 3.54.
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What orbitals overlap to form a N-H bond in a NH3 molecule? 1. An sp2 orbital in N overlaps with the sp orbitals in H to form the N-H bond. 2. An sp3 orbital in N overlaps with the s orbital in H to form the N-H bond. 3. An sp3 orbital in N overlaps with the sp2 orbitals in H to form the N-H bond. 4. An sp2 orbital in N overlaps with the s orbital in H to form the N-H bond.
The N-H bond is created when an sp3 orbital in N overlaps with a s orbital in H. The right response is number two. This is due to the four electron domains on the nitrogen atom in NH3, which combine to generate four sp3 orbitals.
The N-H bond is created when an sp3 orbital in N crosses a s orbital in H.
The nitrogen atom in NH3 has a tetrahedral geometry and four hybridised sp3 orbitals that hold its four valence electrons. The valence electron of a hydrogen atom is located in a s orbital. An s orbital from a hydrogen atom and a nitrogen atom's sp3 hybrid orbital overlap to create the N-H bond. The covalent link formed by the sharing of electrons between nitrogen and hydrogen is what causes this overlap. The orbital overlap that results in the creation of the N-H bond in NH3 is accurately described by Option 2.
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Rank the Alkyl Halides in Order of Increasing E2 Reactivity 2 Rank the following alkyl halides in order of increasing reactivity in an E2 reaction. Be sure to answer all parts. lowest reactivity ______intermediate reactivity ______highest reactivity ______
The alkyl halides ranked in order of increasing E2 reactivity are: lowest reactivity - tert-butyl bromide; intermediate reactivity - sec-butyl bromide; highest reactivity - ethyl bromide.
Tert-butyl bromide is the least reactive alkyl halide because it has the greatest steric hindrance, meaning there is less space for the nucleophile and base to interact. Sec-butyl bromide has intermediate reactivity because it has less steric hindrance than tert-butyl bromide but more than ethyl bromide. Ethyl bromide is the most reactive alkyl halide because it has the least steric hindrance and therefore the nucleophile and base can interact with ease. In summary, the order of increasing E2 reactivity is: tert-butyl bromide, sec-butyl bromide, and ethyl bromide.
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What is used to prepare a calibration curve? O A solvent blank. O A set of solutions with various unknown analyte concentrations. O A set of solutions with a range of precisely known analyte concentrations. A set of solutions with the exact same analyte concentration.
Option 3) A set of solutions with a range of precisely known analyte concentrations is used to prepare a calibration curve. The curve is generated by plotting the response (such as absorbance or peak area) of the instrument against the concentration of the analyte in the standard solutions.
The calibration curve is then used to determine the concentration of the unknown sample by comparing its response to the curve. A solvent blank is used to correct for any background signal from the solvent or other components in the sample matrix.
Calibration is the process of identifying any departure from the correct value by comparing the output of a measuring system or instrument to a standard or reference of established accuracy. Calibration's goals include ensuring the measurement system's accuracy and dependability and fixing any potential deviations.
In many different fields, including manufacturing, healthcare, and environmental monitoring, calibration is crucial. It is used to calibrate tools like spectrophotometers, pH metres, balances, and thermometers, among others. To make sure the instruments are operating within the necessary specifications, calibration procedures are normally carried out on a regular basis.
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Match the terms to the appropriate definitions and/or descriptions
HELP!!
Absolute dating:
Using the abnormal isotopes inside specimens and using half-life calculations to learn the absolute dates.Carbon 14 datingRadiometric datingWhat matches other terms?Zircon: A crystal that helps determine the age of an igneous intrusion or layer of a very old specimen.
Meteorites: Help to determine the age of the universe because it is assumed they were around the same time as the Earth was formed
Compression melting: Was likely formed by tectonic and volcanic events
Relative dating: When scientist are simply looking for a logical sequence of events
An igneous intrusion: A crystal that helps determine the age of an igneous intrusion or layer of a very old specimen
Unconformity: When layers are missing from one area to another because of erosion of exposed parts that occurred because of an earthquake or other geological event.
Index fossils: If a fossil is determined to be a certain age, the layer it was found in is likely of the same age.
The Grand Canyon: Was likely entirely formed by a river
Iguazu Falls in Argentina: Was likely formed by glacial forces
Yosemite Valley: The lowest layer of glaciers that lubricate and allows a glacier to move
The statement "An igneous intrusion is always younger than all the layers it cuts through" is true.
The statement "Using radiometric methods to find the approximate age of a layer or fossil" is true.
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The text format of the question goes thus:
Absolute dating
Zircon
Meteorites
Compression melting
Relative dating
An igneous intrusion
Unconformity
Index fossils
The Grand Canyon
Iguazu Falls in Argentina
Yosemite Valley
Carbon 14 dating
Radiometric dating
a. was kkely formed by glacial forces
b. is always younger than all the layers it cuts through
Using the abnormal isotopes inside specimens and using half-life calculations to learn the absolute dates.
d. If a fossil is determined to be a certain age, the layer it
was found in is likely of the same age.
e. Using radiometric methods to find the approximate age
of a layer or fossil
was likely entirely formed by a river
When layers are missing from one are to another because of erosion of exposed parts that occurred because of an earthquake or other geological event.
h was likely formed by tectonic and volcanic events
To learn absolute date of a more recent item.
J. the lowest layer of glaciers that lubricate and allows a
glacier to move k. A crystal that helps determine the age of an igneous intrusion or layer of a very old specimen
When scientist are simply looking for a logical sequence
of events
m. Help to determine the age of the universe because it is
assumed they were around the same time as the Earth
was formed
what product is finally formed when the initial compound formed from cyclohexanone and morpholine is mixed with methyl iodide and that product is heated and then hydrolyzed
When the initial compound formed from cyclohexanone and morpholine is mixed with methyl iodide and heated and then hydrolyzed, the product that is finally formed is N-Methylaminoethylcyclohexanone.
The reaction between cyclohexanone and morpholine in the presence of an acid catalyst produces a cyclic imine named N-morpholino-cyclohexanone, which is an intermediate in the synthesis of several drugs. It reacts with methyl iodide and potassium carbonate in methanol to form N-methylaminoethylcyclohexanone, which upon hydrolysis produces the final product, N-methylaminoethylcyclohexanone. This reaction is an example of the Mannich reaction.N-methylaminoethylcyclohexanone is a synthetic intermediate and a building block for the synthesis of various drugs. It's commonly used as an intermediate in the synthesis of sedatives and analgesics. It's also used in the synthesis of ephedrine analogs and the anticancer agent 2-[2-(4-ethoxyphenyl)ethyl]aminoethylcyclohexanone.
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a semipermeable membrane is placed between the following solutions. which solution will decrease in volume? view available hint(s)for part a a semipermeable membrane is placed between the following solutions.which solution will decrease in volume? solution a: 1.4% (m/v) starch solution b: 7.62% (m/v) starch
The solution that will decrease in volume when a semipermeable membrane is placed between the following solutions of 1.4% (m/v) starch and 7.62% (m/v) starch is the first one, solution A.
A semipermeable membrane is a kind of selective barrier that lets certain molecules cross while preventing others from crossing. It is a membrane that allows certain molecules or ions to pass through it by diffusion, typically by osmosis.
When a semipermeable membrane is placed between the solutions of 1.4% (m/v) starch and 7.62% (m/v) starch, solution A will decrease in volume while solution B will increase in volume.
Because the 1.4% (m/v) starch solution is less concentrated, it contains a greater amount of water, which means that it will swell when placed next to the more concentrated 7.62% (m/v) starch solution. However, due to the semipermeable membrane, only the water molecules from the 1.4% (m/v) starch solution can pass through the membrane into the more concentrated 7.62% (m/v) starch solution.
As a result, water will be transferred from solution A to solution B, causing solution A to decrease in volume while solution B to increase in volume.
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one of the routes to produce ethyl chloride is by the gas-phase reaction of hcl with ethylene over a copper chloride catalyst supported on silica.T/F
True. Ethyl chloride is produced by the gas-phase reaction of hydrochloric acid (HCl) with ethylene over a copper chloride catalyst supported on silica.
Ethyl chloride is a colorless gas that is used in a variety of chemical processes. Ethyl chloride is most commonly used as an inhalational anesthetic during surgery.
It's also utilized in the production of plastics and chemicals, as well as a solvent in some industrial processes. When exposed to sunlight or heat, ethyl chloride is combustible, and it is harmful to human health if breathed in.
Thus, the statement is true, Ethyl chloride is produced by the gas-phase reaction of hydrochloric acid (HCl) with ethylene over a copper chloride catalyst supported on silica.
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what happens to nitrogen during the process of denitrification?
Denitrification is the process by which nitrates and nitrites in the environment are reduced to nitrogen gas ([tex]N_2[/tex]) by removing and returning bioavailable nitrogen to the atmosphere.
Denitrification is a natural process that occurs in the environment and is primarily carried out by certain types of bacteria, such as Pseudomonas, Thiobacillus, and Clostridium. During this process, the bacteria break down nitrates and nitrites into nitrogen gas using a series of oxidation-reduction reactions. The nitrates and nitrites are first converted to nitric oxide ([tex]NO[/tex]) and nitrous oxide ([tex]N_2O[/tex]) gases which are then converted to nitrogen gas, which is released into the atmosphere. This process is important in the nitrogen cycle and is essential for the removal of nitrogen from the environment.
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Write all each equation with absolute without absolute value given for the conditions y=|x + 5| if x<-5
Without absolute value , for y=|x + 5| for x <-5, y = -2x
If x < -5, then x + 5 < 0. Therefore, y = |x + 5| = -(x + 5).
y = -(x + 5)
Note that this equation is only valid when x < -5. For values of x greater than or equal to -5, the absolute value of (x + 5) becomes positive, and y = |x + 5| = x + 5. Therefore, the equation for the full domain of y = |x + 5| is:
y = -(x + 5) for x < -5
Therefore | x -5 | should be changed to 5 - x to get a positive value.
Also | x - (-5) | should be changed to -5 -x to get a positive value.Therefore y = 5 - x + -5 - x = -2xwithout absolute value , for x <-5, y = -2x
The term "absolute value" is not commonly used. However, there is a related concept called "absolute configuration." Absolute configuration refers to the spatial arrangement of atoms or groups of atoms around a chiral center in a molecule. A chiral center is a carbon atom that has four different groups attached to it.
The absolute configuration of a chiral center can be determined using the Cahn-Ingold-Prelog (CIP) rules, which assign priority to the four different groups based on their atomic numbers. By following these rules, we can determine whether the chiral center has an R or S configuration. Knowing the absolute configuration of a chiral center is important because it determines the molecule's biological activity and the way it interacts with other molecules in a chemical reaction.
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Question 16: June 2019 CR
6 Poly(chloroethene) is a polymer.
It is made from its monomer, chloroethene.
(a) Chloroethene has the percentage composition by mass
C= 38.4% H = 4.8%
Cl=56.8%
I
Show, by calculation, that the empirical formula of chloroethene is C₂H,Cl
(3)
The empirical formula of chloroethene is C₂H₃Cl, which can be simplified to C₂H₃Cl.
What is empirical formula?The probably the easiest whole number ratio of atoms in a compound is an empirical formula. It gives the relative number of atoms of each element in the compound, but not the actual number of atoms or the arrangement of the atoms. The empirical formula is determined based on the experimental data of the percentage composition by mass or the molar ratios of the elements in the compound.
To find the empirical formula of chloroethene, we need to determine the simplest whole number ratio of the atoms present in the compound.
Let's assume we have a 100 g sample of chloroethene. Then, we can calculate the mass of each element present in the sample:
Mass of carbon (C) = 38.4 g
Mass of hydrogen (H) = 4.8 g
Mass of chlorine (Cl) = 56.8 g
Next, we need to convert these masses to moles by dividing by their respective atomic masses:
Moles of carbon (C) = 38.4 g / 12.01 g/mol = 3.196 mol
Moles of hydrogen (H) = 4.8 g / 1.01 g/mol = 4.752 mol
Moles of chlorine (Cl) = 56.8 g / 35.45 g/mol = 1.601 mol
We can then divide each of these mole values by the smallest mole value to get the simplest whole number ratio:
Carbon: 3.196 mol / 1.601 mol = 1.998 ≈ 2
Hydrogen: 4.752 mol / 1.601 mol = 2.969 ≈ 3
Chlorine: 1.601 mol / 1.601 mol = 1
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a scientist dilutes 50.0 ml of a ph 5.85 solution of hcl to 1.00 l. what is the ph of the diluted solution (kw
A scientist dilutes 50.0 ml of a pH 5.85 solution of HCl to 1.00 L. The pH of the diluted solution (Kw = 1.0 × 10-14) is approximately 1.85.
PH is the negative logarithm of the hydrogen ion (H+) concentration in a solution. A decrease in the pH of a solution means that the H+ concentration has increased.
The following formula can be used to calculate the pH of a solution:
pH = -log[H+]
The number of hydrogen ions per liter of solution is referred to as the hydrogen ion concentration [H+]. In addition, the hydroxide ion (OH-) concentration may be calculated using the following formula:
[H+] [OH-] = 1.0 × 10-14
The pH of the solution can be calculated using the equation given below:
5.85 = -log[H+]5.85 = -log[H+]H+ = 1.38 x 10-6
The number of moles of HCl in 50 mL of a 5.85 pH solution is 0.00138 mol. The number of moles of HCl after dilution to 1.00 L can be determined using the equation below:
n1V1 = n2V2
0.00138 mol x 50 ml = n2 x 1.00 LN2 = 0.0000276 mol
After dilution, the HCl concentration is 0.0000276 moles/liter. The hydroxide ion concentration [OH-] in the solution can be determined using the formula given below:
[H+] [OH-] = 1.0 × 10-140.0000276 [OH-] = 1.0 × 10-14[OH-] = 3.6 x 10-10 mol/L
The pH of the solution can be calculated using the equation given below:
pH = -log[H+]pH = -log(3.6 × 10-10)pH = 9.44
The pH of the diluted solution (Kw = 1.0 × 10-14) is approximately 1.85.
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what is the effect of changing the...nature of the halide?nature of the solvent?relative concentrations of the reactants?temperature of the reaction?nature of the nucleophile?
Changing the nature of the halide, the nature of the solvent, the relative concentrations of the reactants, altering the temperature, and the nature of the nucleophile will affect the reaction rate.
The effects of changing the nature of the halide, solvent, relative concentrations of the reactants, temperature of the reaction, and nature of the nucleophile can vary depending on the specific chemical reaction being considered.
a) Nature of the halide: Changing the halide can affect the reactivity and selectivity of a reaction.
b) Nature of the solvent: The choice of solvent can affect the solubility, reactivity, and selectivity of a reaction.
c) Relative concentrations of the reactants: Changing the relative concentrations of reactants can affect the rate and outcome of a reaction.
d) Temperature of the reaction: The temperature can affect the rate and selectivity of a reaction by altering the energy barrier for the reaction.
e) The effect of changing the nature of the nucleophile: The nature of the nucleophile influences the selectivity and the mechanism of the reaction.
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Calculate Hrxn for the reaction on the right. 2H2(g)+O2(g)-->2H2O(g)
Hrxn=
o 0. 00kJ
o 483. 64kJ
o -483. 64 kJ
o -967. 28 kJ
This reaction is
o endothermic
o exothermic
Using the bond dissociation energy approach, which entails deducting the total energy released when the bonds form in the products from the total energy released when the bonds are broken in the reactants, we may get the enthalpy change (H) for the given reaction.
The reaction's chemically balanced equation is as follows:
O2 (g) + 2H2(g) = 2H2O (g)
For the reaction, we may utilise the following bond dissociation energies (in kJ/mol):
436 kJ/mol H-H bond (reactant)
498 kJ/mol O=O bond (reactant)
463 kJ/mol H-O bond (product)
The energy needed to break the bonds in the reactants and the energy released when the bonds form in the products may both be calculated using these values::
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rank the following alkyl halides in order of their increasing rate of reaction with triethylamine: iodoethane 1-bromopropane 2-bromopropane
The rate of reaction of alkyl halides with triethylamine increases with the electron-releasing effect of the halide group, which increases in the order - Iodoethane < 1-bromopropane < 2-bromopropane.
The strength of nucleophiles and the weakness of leaving groups decide the rate of SN2 reactions. This is what determines the reactivity of alkyl halides.
Alkyl halides are classified as primary, secondary, or tertiary based on the number of carbons that the halogen is bonded to. Because primary alkyl halides have more accessibility to their halogen and less steric hindrance around it, the speed of the reaction is greater.
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The partial pressure of oxygen in the atmosphere is digits. the partial 0.210 atm. Calculate the partial pressure in mm Hg and torr. Round each of your answers to 3 significant digits____mm Hg ____torr
The partial pressure of oxygen in the atmosphere is 0.210 atm.
Therefore, the partial pressure of oxygen in mm Hg is 0.210 atm x 760 = 158.6 mm Hg and the partial pressure of oxygen in torr is 0.210 atm x 760/101.325 = 1.55 torr.
The air in the atmosphere is composed of many different gases. The most common of these gases is nitrogen, which makes up 78% of the atmosphere.
Oxygen makes up 21% of the atmosphere, and the other gases make up 1%. The atmospheric pressure is the pressure created by the weight of the gases in the atmosphere.
The atmospheric pressure is measured in units of atmospheres (atm). The atmospheric pressure at sea level is usually around 1 atm, which is equal to 760 mm Hg and 101.325 torr.
This is the same pressure that you feel when you take a breath of air.
The partial pressure of a gas is the amount of pressure exerted by that gas alone, as opposed to the total atmospheric pressure. The partial pressure of oxygen in the atmosphere is 0.210 atm.
This means that, out of the total atmospheric pressure of 1 atm, 0.210 atm of the pressure is from oxygen.
Partial pressure is often measured in units of mm Hg or torr. To convert from atm to mm Hg, the value is multiplied by 760.
Therefore, the partial pressure of oxygen in mm Hg is 0.210 atm x 760 = 158.6 mm Hg and the partial pressure of oxygen in torr is 0.210 atm x 760/101.325 = 1.55 torr.
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true/ false: the main form of ketones present in the blood is called acetoacetate (select one word answer only please)
The sentence "The main form of ketones present in the blood is called acetoacetate" is True.
Acetoacetate is one of the three ketone bodies produced in the human liver. The other two ketones are beta-hydroxybutyrate and acetone.
What are ketones? Ketones are substances that are formed when the body breaks down fat for energy when glucose, which is the body's main source of energy, is scarce.
The liver synthesizes ketones from fats as a backup source of fuel when the body runs out of glucose.
A high concentration of ketones in the bloodstream is known as ketosis, and it can occur when a person is fasting, dieting, or has uncontrolled diabetes.
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Nitrogen combines with oxygen in the atmosphere during lightning flashes to form nitrogen monoxide, NO, which then reacts further with O2 to produce nitrogen dioxide, NO2. (a) What mass of NO2 is formed when NO reacts with 364 g O2? __ g (b) How many grams of NO are required to react with this amount of O2?
(a) 1046.5 g of NO₂ is formed when NO reacts with 364 g of O₂.
(b) 682.5g of NO is required to react with 364 g of O₂.
(a)The balanced chemical equation for the formation of nitrogen dioxide is given below:
2NO + O₂ → 2NO₂
We have been given the mass of oxygen, and we have to calculate the mass of nitrogen dioxide formed. Using stoichiometry:
Amount of NO₂ produced =2 x Amount of O₂ used
The molecular mass of NO₂ = 46 g/mol
The molecular mass of O₂ = 32 g/mol
Number of moles of O₂ = 364 g / 32 g/mol = 11.375 mol
From the balanced chemical equation:
1 mole O₂ produces 2 moles of NO₂
So, 11.375 moles O₂ will produce 11.375 x 2 = 22.75 moles of NO₂
Amount of NO₂ produced
= Number of moles × Molecular mass
=22.75 mol × 46 g/mol= 1046.5 g
Thus, 1046.5 g of NO₂ is formed when NO reacts with 364 g of O₂.
(b)From the balanced chemical equation:
2 moles of NO requires 1 mole of O₂ or 1 mole of O₂ needs 2 mole of NO₂
11.375 moles of O₂ will need = 11.375 x 2 = 22.75 moles of NO
Amount of NO required = Number of moles × Molecular mass= 22.75 mol × 30 g/mol= 682.5 g
Thus, 682.5g of NO is required to react with 364 g of O₂.
Therefore, 364g of O₂ will require 682.5g of NO and will produce 1046.5 g of NO₂.
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calculate the ph for each case in the titration of 50.0 ml of 0.220 m hclo(aq) with 0.220 m koh(aq). use the ionization constant for hclo. what is the ph before addition of any koh? ph
The pH of the given solution has to be calculated when titrating 50.0 ml of 0.220 M HClO (aq) with 0.220 M KOH (aq) before the addition of any KOH will be 13.34.
What is the pH of solution?To determine the pH of solution, we need to first determine the ionization constant of HClO (aq).
Ka = [H₃O⁺] [ClO⁻]/[HClO]
Let's write down the acid dissociation reaction of HClO (aq).
HClO (aq) + H₂O (l) → H₃O⁺(aq) + ClO⁻(aq) (Ka = 3.5 times 10⁻⁸)
Initial concentration: [HClO] = 0.220m
[H₃O⁺] = x
[ClO⁻] = x
At equilibrium, Ka = (x)(x)/(0.220 - x)
3.5 times 10⁻⁸ = x²/(0.220 - x)
Since the concentration of x in denominator is much smaller than the initial concentration, we can consider that as 0.220
0.220 - x.x = 4.69 times 10⁻⁴m
The concentration of H⁺ ions is equal to the concentration of H₃O⁺ ions. Thus, [x]small
[H₃O⁺] = 4.69 times 10⁻⁴m
pH = -log [H₃O⁺] = -log (4.69 times 10⁻⁴) = 3.33
The pH of the solution before adding any KOH is 3.33. Calculate pH after each addition of KOH. After adding 50.0 ml of 0.220 M KOH (aq), the concentration of HClO (aq) will become zero. We will have KOH (aq) remaining in the solution. Thus, we will have to calculate the pH of a strong base. The stoichiometry of the reaction will be 1:1 because both HClO (aq) and KOH (aq) are monoprotic acids and bases respectively. We have to calculate the number of moles of KOH (aq) added. The number of moles of KOH (aq) will be,
n = MV
Where, M is the molarity of KOH (aq) and V is the volume of KOH (aq) added. n = (0.220m) (50.0ml/1000) = 0.011mol
The amount of KOH (aq) is equal to the amount of OH⁻ ions.
[OH⁻] = 0.011mol (0.050L) = 0.22M
pOH = - log [OH⁻] = - log (0.22) = 0.6575
pH = 14 - pOH = 14 - 0.6575 = 13.34
The pH of the solution is 13.34.
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