The reactivity of an element depends upon the number of valence electrons, i.e., the electrons present in the outermost shell.
The number of electrons withinside the outermost shell of an atom determines its reactivity. Noble gases have low reactivity due to the fact they've complete electron shells. Halogens are extraordinarily reactive due to the fact they with ease advantage an electron to fill their outermost shell. Non-reactive metal atoms have whole outer shells and therefore do now no longer generally tend to lose, advantage, or percentage electrons. So, all factors having a crammed outermost shell are non-reactive. They also are referred to as noble gases. An element's reactivity is decided via way of means of the number of protons determined in an atom of the element.
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What element has the electron configuration 1 s 2 2 s 2 2 p 6 3 s 2 3 p 2 ?
Phosphorus, which has the atomic number 15 and is located in period 3 and group 15 of the periodic table.
The transfer of energy from one region of the atmosphere to another is of great importance in meteorology for it affects the weather. Calculate the heat needed to be supplied to a parcel of air containing 1. 00 mol air molecules to maintain its temperature at 300 K when it expands reversibly and isothermally from 22 dm3 to 30. 0 dm3 as it ascends
Energy transfer from one region of the atmosphere to another is critical in meteorology because it affects the weather.
What is Meteorology?
Meteorology is the science of studying the atmosphere and its phenomena such as weather, climate, and air pollution. It is a branch of the atmospheric sciences and studies the physical processes that make up the atmosphere and how the atmosphere affects the Earth and its inhabitants.
The amount of heat needed to be supplied to the parcel is given by the equation:
Q = nRT∆V
Where n is the number of moles of air, R is the ideal gas constant, T is the temperature in Kelvin and ∆V is the change in volume.
Therefore, the amount of heat needed to be supplied to the parcel is given by:
Q = (1.00 mol)(8.314 J/molK)(300 K)(30.0 dm3 - 22.0 dm3)
Q = 4, 573.2 J.
This is important because it demonstrates the amount of energy that must be supplied in order to keep the parcel of air at a constant temperature as it expands. Without this energy, the temperature of the parcel would decrease as it expands, resulting in a change in its weather patterns.
Hence, the amount of heat needed is: Q = 4, 573.2 J.
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16. What are the two types of mixtures?
Heterogeneous and homogeneous mixtures are the two types of mixtures.
How to define the heterogeneous and homogeneous mixtures?When compared to homogeneous mixtures, heterogeneous mixtures can be visually divided into individual components. The most prevalent kind of homogeneous mixture is a solution, which can be a solid, liquid, or gas.
Solid, liquid, or gaseous homogeneous mixtures can exist. They are uniform in both appearance and chemical make-up. Water, air, steel, detergent, saltwater mixture, and other substances are examples of homogeneous mixtures. When two or more metals are combined in a specified proportion, an alloy is created.
A combination is said to be heterogeneous if its composition is not constant throughout. Vegetable soup is a complex concoction.
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Which supports the idea that conservation of mass is a scientific law instead of a hypothesis?
A- It is an educated guess.
B- It has been tested and supported once or twice.
C- It has been examined, tested and supported over centuries.
D- It has been tested many times and sometimes is true and sometimes isn’t.
Answer:
C- It has been examined, tested and supported over centuries.
Explanation:
The conservation of mass is a scientific law that states that matter cannot be created or destroyed, only transformed from one form to another. This law has been extensively tested and supported over centuries of scientific investigation, and it is considered to be a fundamental principle of chemistry and physics.
Give a Question/Problem for Hot and Cold Compress Pillow.
Help mee plsss
THANK you!!!
Answer:
One problem that people may encounter when using a hot and cold compress pillow is that the pillow may not stay hot or cold for a long enough period of time. This can be frustrating for people who are using the pillow to alleviate muscle pain or reduce inflammation, as they may need to continually reheat or refreeze the pillow in order to maintain its therapeutic benefits. To solve this problem, people may need to find a pillow that is better at retaining heat or cold, or they may need to use additional heating or cooling elements (such as hot water bottles or ice packs) in conjunction with the pillow.
Explanation:
If a strong force acts on the metal towers of the suspension bridge, the towers will not break into pieces, like glass would, but will bend instead. Which property of metals explains this phenomenon?
The periodic chart has many different types of elements. Some elements are metals, some are nonmetals, and yet others are metalloids. Therefore, ductility is the property of metals that explains the given phenomenon.
What is metal?Metals are hard, conduct electricity, are ductile, lustrous, and malleable materials. Since metals have free electrons that's why they can conduct electricity. Since atoms in metals are very closely packed in a definite crystal solid. It is not brittle that is it can not be broken down easily.
If a strong force acts on the metal towers of the suspension bridge, the towers will not break into pieces, like glass would, but will bend instead. Ductility is the property of metals that explains the given phenomenon.
Therefore, ductility is the property of metals that explains the given phenomenon.
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What do these two changes have in common?
sauce burning on a stove
firing a clay pot in a hot kiln
Both are caused by cooling
Both converse mass
Both are chemical changes
Both are physical changes
sauce burning on a stove and firing a clay pot in a hot kilnBoth are physical changes. Therefore, option D is correct.
What are physical changes?Physical changes can be defined as changes affecting the state of a chemical substance, but not its composition. Physical changes can be used to separate mixtures into their component compounds, but can not generally be used to separate compounds into elements or simpler compounds.
Physical changes takes place when substances undergo a change that can not change their composition. while the chemical change in which the composition of a substance changes when substances combine or break up to form new substances.
In general a physical change can be consideed as reversible using physical means. A physical change includes a change in physical properties such as change of strength, change of durability, textural change, shape, size, volume and density.
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What quantity of energy does it take to convert 0.562 kg ice at −20.0°C to steam at 250.0°C? Specific heat capacities: ice, 2.03 J/g·°C; liquid, 4.18 J/g·°C; steam, 2.02 J/g·°C; ΔHvap = 40.7 kJ/mol; ΔHfus = 6.02 kJ/mol.
The quantity of energy required to convert 0.562 kg ice at -20.0°C to steam at 250°C is equal to 1885.4 KJ.
What is the specific heat capacity?The specific heat capacity can be described as the amount of energy needed to raise the temperature in one unit of material by one-degree celsius.
The addition or emission of heat from the system will the temperature of the substance will be changed:
Q = mCΔT
Given, the amount of ice, m = 0.562 Kg = 562 g
The change in the temperature = 100 -20 = 80°C
The specific heat capacity of the water, C = 4.18J/g°C
The specific heat capacity of the ice, C = 2.03 J/g°C
The phase transition from ice to steam:
H₁ = 562 × 2.03 × (0-(-20))
H₁ = 22,817 J = 22.8 KJ
The enthalpy of the fusion will be absorbed:
H₂ = n × H(fus)
The number of moles of water = 562/18 = 31.22 mol
H₂ = 31.22 × 6.02 kJ/mol
H₂ = 187.95 KJ
Phase transition from water at 0°C to water at 100°C:
H₃ = 562 × 4.18 × 100
H₃ = 234 KJ
The phase transition from water at 100°C to steam at 100°C:
H₄ = n × H(vap)
H₄ = 31.22 × 40.7 kJ/mol
H₄ = 1270.65 KJ
The heat to make steam at a temperature of 250°C:
H₅ = m × S×ΔT
H₅ = 562 × 2.02 ×150 = 170 KJ
The total energy needed to convert 0.562 kg ice at -20.0°C to steam at 250.0°C:
H = H₁ + H₂+ H₃+ H₄ +H₅
H = 1885.4 KJ
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Determine the number of atoms of each element in the following: 4Al(OH)3
symbol
aluminium - Al 4
oxygen- o 12
hydrogen- H 12
Indicate whether F3C−C≡N is linear, planar, or neither.
O linear
O planar
O neither linear nor planar
Left C would be neither linear and neither planar since, in accordance with the preceding definition, it has a tetrahedral form.
Which is better, planar or non-planar?Since no links cross one another, graph A is planar. Because so many connections overlap, graph B is not plane. Additionally, graph B's linkages cannot be rearranged in a way that makes it planar.
How does one recognize planar?A compound is said to be planar if every atom inside it is located on the same plane. - Take the organic compound, for example. When the carbon atoms of an organic molecule lay within a single plane, the complex is referred to as a planar compound.
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A magnesium ion, Mg2+, with a charge of 3. 2×10−19C and an oxide ion, O2−, with a charge of −3. 2×10−19C, are separated by a distance of 0. 25 nm. How much work would be required to increase the separation of the two ions to an infinite distance?
The amount of work required to increase the separation of the two ions to an infinite distance is 3.68×10⁻¹⁸joules.
What is work and energy ?When a push or pull applied to an object causes the object to move, that movement is referred to as work. We refer to energy as the ability to perform the work. The work completed in a given amount of time is referred to as power.
Mg²⁺with a charge is 3.2×10⁻¹⁹C
O²⁻with a charge of −3.2×10⁻¹⁹C
distance = 0.25 = 0.25 ×10⁻⁹m
We know that the constant of proportionality is equal to 8.99×10⁹Jm/C²
Work = -kq₁q₂/d
Substitute given values into the formula,
Work = 8.99×10⁹× 3.2×10⁻¹⁹× -3.2×10⁻¹⁹/ 0.25 ×10⁻⁹
Work = 8.99×10⁹×-1.024×10⁻³⁷/0.25×10⁻⁹
Work = 9.21×10⁻²⁸/ 0.25×10⁻⁹
Work = 3.68×10⁻¹⁸Joules.
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A 0.470-g chunk of sodium metal is cautiously dropped into a mixture of 50.0 g of water and 50.0 g of ice, both at 0°C. The reaction is given below.
2 Na(s) + 2 H2O(l) 2 NaOH(aq) + H2(g) ΔH = -368 kJ
Will all the ice melt? The enthalpy of fusion for ice is 6.02 kJ/mol.
What is the amount of heat released?
_____ kJ
What is the amount of heat required to melt 50.0 g of ice?
_____ kJ
Assuming the final mixture has a specific heat capacity of 4.18 J/g · °C, calculate the final temperature.
_____kJ
Ice will not melt as we need 16.72 KJ of heat but we have only 3.76 KJ
What is the enthalpy of fusion?In thermodynamics, the enthalpy of fusion can be described as the change in its enthalpy resulting from giving energy, heat, to a specific amount to change its state from a solid to a liquid.
Given the reaction is 2 Na (s) + 2 H₂O(l) → 2 NaOH (aq) + H₂ (g)
Given the mass of sodium = 0.470 g
The moles of sodium = 0.470/23 = 0.020 mol
Given that two moles of sodium (Na) release heat = 368 KJ
Heat released by 0.020 mol of sodium (Na) = (368/2) × 0.020 = 3.76 KJ
Given the mass of ice = 50g
The number of moles = 50/18 = 2.78 mol
For melting, one mole of ice heat is required = 6.02 kJ/mol.
For 2.77 mol of ice = 6.02 × 2.78 = 16.72 KJ
But we have only 3.76 KJ of heat therefore, the ice will not melt.
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How many grams do 5.6 × 1026 atoms of helium weigh?
One mole of Helium contains 6.02 × 10²³ atoms. Mass of one mole is 4 g. Then, He containing 5.6 × 10²⁶ atoms weighs 3720.9 g.
What is Avogadro number?Any substance containing 6.02 × 10²³ atoms is called one mole of that substance. This number is called Avogadro number. Thus, one mole of every element contains Avogadro number of atoms.
Helium is second element in periodic table. Atomic mass of helium that is mass of one mole = 4 g
4 g contains 6.02 × 10²³ atoms. Then weight of He containing 5.6 × 10²⁶ atoms is calculated as follows:
no. of moles = 5.6 × 10²⁶/ 6.02 × 10²³ = 930.2
mass of 930.2 moles = 930.2 × 4 =3720.9 g
Therefore, the mass of He containing 5.6 × 10²⁶ atoms is 3720.9 g.
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A student standardized a solution of NaOH and found that the concentration was 0.544 M. They then used it to titrate a monoprotic acid. If 45.50 mL of the base was used, how many moles of acid were neutralized? (Do not report your answer in scientific notation)
The number of moles of a monoprotic acid neutralized is equal to 0.025 mol.
What is a neutralization reaction?A neutralization reaction can be defined as a reaction in which reaction of an acid and base generates salt and water. When a strong acid and a strong base react the salt can be neither acidic nor basic.
When monoprotic acid HA reacts with NaOH (a strong base), the resulting salt is NaA and water.
HA + NaOH → NaA + H₂O
Given, the concentration of NaOH = 0.544 M
The volume of the NaOH = 45.50 ml = 45.50 × 10⁻³
The number of moles of NaOH, n = M × V = 0.544 × 45.50 × 10⁻³ = 0.025 mol
The number of moles of HA monoprotic acid = moles of NaOH = 0.025 mol
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When 45. 8 g of alanine (C3H7NO2) are dissolved in 1200g of a certain mystery liquid X, the freezing point of the solution is 4. 10 ℃ less than the freezing point of pure X. Calculate the mass of sodium chloride that must be dissolved in the same mass of X to produce the same depression in freezing point. The van't Hoff factor i=1. 82 for sodium chloride in X. Be sure your answer has a unit symbol, if necessary, and is rounded to the correct number of significant digits
16.5 g is the mass of sodium chloride that must be dissolved in the same mass of X to produce the same depression at freezing point.
What are a molar mass and a mole?Avogadro's number (6.022 x 1023) of molecules (or formula units) make up one mole of a substance (ionic compound). The mass of 1 mole of a chemical is indicated by its molar mass. It provides you with the number of grams per mole of a substance, to put it another way.
ΔT = Kc*W*i
Kc = cryoscopy constant of the solute X
W = molality of the solution
i = van't Hoff factor, For organic molecules, such as alanine, i = 1.
n = 45.8/89.09
n = 0.5141 mol
W = 0.5141/1.2 = 0.4284 mol/kg
So, Kc of X is:
4.10 = Kc*0.4284*1
Kc = 9.57 °C.kg/mol
So, if now sodium chloride is added to X, and the temperature change is the same, and i = 1.82:
4.10 = 9.57*W*1.82
W = 0.2354 mol/kg
The number of moles of the solute is then:
W = n/1.2
0.2354 = n/1.2
n = 0.2825 mol
The molar mass of sodium chloride is 58.44 g/mol, thus the mass is the molar mass multiplied by the number of moles:
m = 58.44*0.2825
m = 16.5 g
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Baed on thi information, which type of light i more likely to damage the material?
Based on the information, UV light is more likely to damage the material.
Which kind of light has the greatest chance of warming quartz?Due to the fact that the infrared light bounces off the quartz, which increases its energy, the quartz may become warm.
The colors of paper and fabric can deteriorate due to ultraviolet light from the sun. In the presence of ultraviolet light waves, the chemicals in colored dyes can degrade. Sunburns may also result from ultraviolet radiation.
Paper and other organic materials will deteriorate, bleach, and deteriorate due to ultraviolet radiation. All of these modifications may reduce readability, affect how well artwork is regarded for its aesthetic qualities, and restrict access to the information it contains.
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(100 POINTS + BRAINLIEST) i don't know which subject this belongs to but this is an earth science class!!!
Tell the story of the life cycle of a star the size of our sun, Be sure to include all stages from "pre-birth" to death.
Describe the differences between our sun's life cycle to a star who is at least 5 times bigger than our sun.
The life cycle of a star the size of our sun starts with a nebula, a huge cloud of dust and gas. The gravity of the nebula compresses the cloud until the atoms fuse together, creating a star. This stage is known as pre-birth.
Next, the star enters a main sequence phase, where it shines brightly for millions of years, powered by nuclear fusion.
Eventually the star will slowly run out of hydrogen and the fusion process will become less and less efficient. The star will expand and become what is known as a red giant. This marks the end of the main sequence phase.
After this point, the star expels its outer layers, leaving behind a small, hot core called a white dwarf. It will continue to cool down until it becomes a black dwarf.
If the star is at least 5 times bigger than our sun, it will enter a different life cycle. After the red giant phase, the star will undergo a supernova explosion, which will spew dust and gas into the surrounding areas. These remainders will later form new stars, planets, and other cosmic bodies. What's left of the star will become a neutron star or a black hole.
How many moles of CH3CH2OH are contained in 548 mL of 0.0788 M CH3CH2OH solution?
0.0432 moles of CH3CH2OH are contained in 548 mL of a 0.0788 M CH3CH2OH solution.
what is molarity?Molarity is a unit of concentration that expresses the amount of solute in a solution in terms of moles of solute per liter of solvent. It is represented by the symbol M. It is calculated by dividing the number of moles of solute by the number of liters of solvent in the solution. For example, a 0.5 M solution of NaCl would contain 0.5 moles of NaCl dissolved in every liter of water.
To determine the number of moles of a solute in a solution, you can use the formula: moles = (concentration (M) x liters of solution).
In this case, the concentration of the CH3CH2OH solution is given as 0.0788 M and the volume is given as 548 mL. Converting mL to L by multiplying it by 10^-3, we get 0.548 L. By applying the formula, moles = 0.0788 M x 0.548 L = 0.0432 moles of CH3CH2OH.
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Malachite is a green colored mineral that is 57.5% copper. What mass of copper is present in a 250.0 g sample of malachite
57.5% Cu2(CO3)(OH) (OH) Other elements are also present in addition to copper.
To get the mass percent of copper in malachite (Cu2(OH)2CO3), apply the following formula:
Malachite (Cu2(OH)2CO3) has a molar mass of 2x63.5% + 2(16+1) + 12 + (16x3) = 127 + 2(17) + 12 + 48 = 127 + 34 + 12 + 48 = 221g/mol.
Cu2(OH)2CO3 has a Cu mass of 2 x 63.5g, or 127g.
The mass-based fraction of Cu in Cu2(OH)2CO3 is calculated as Cu2(OH)2CO3 mass per mol mass multiplied by 100 = 127/221 x 100 = 57.5%.
Malachite Cu2(OH)2CO3 has 57.5% of its mass in copper.
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Which of the following is a molecular compound that produces H+ ions when dissolved in water?
a. H2SO4
b. Hg(NO3)2
c. CH4
d. NaC2H3O2
Option - a is correct answer, H₂SO₄ is a molecular compound that produces H⁺ ions when dissolved in water.
What constitutes a molecular compound example?Molecule-shaped inorganic substances are known as molecular compounds. Examples include common compounds like water (H₂O) and carbon dioxide (CO₂). When compared to ionic compounds like sodium chloride, these compounds are very different (NaCl).
Molecules that have a formula that reflects the number of atoms actually bound together in the molecule make up a molecular compound. The bonds between the atoms are joined to form a distinct shape, which is determined by the bond lengths and angles.
Acid produces proton when there is water present.
H₂SO₄ + H₂O → H₃O⁺ + HSO₄⁻
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Consider the combustion of propane:
C3H8 +502 3CO2 + 4H₂O
- →
Which of the following unit factors below is correct? (Select all that may apply)
A. There are 5 oxygen molecules reacting for every six oxygen atoms produced in CO2.
B. There are 5 oxygen atoms reacting for every 3 CO₂ molecules produced.
C. There are 10 oxygen atoms reacting for every four water molecules produced.
D. There are 10 oxygen atoms reacting for every six oxygen atoms produced in CO2.
Four water molecules are created for every ten oxygen atoms that are reacting.
Propane:A three carbon alkane, propane has the chemical formula C3H8. At room temperature and pressure, it is a gas, but it can be compressed into a liquid for transportation.
What is the primary use of propane?Its primary applications include home and water heating, food preparation and storage, clothing drying, and the powering of industrial and farm machinery. The production of plastics and other chemicals in the chemical sector also uses propane as a raw ingredient.
What are propane's three drawbacks?Cons of propane heating
Compared to oil heating, propane produces fewer BTUs per gallon.Equipment that burns propane is frequently more expensive to buy than heating systems that use heating oil.To use the apparatus properly, care must be taken because propane is flammable in air.To know more about alkane :
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PLEASE HELP SOON!
What kind of reaction occurs in an electrolytic cell? What characterizes its voltage?
I know a redox reaction occurs in electrolytic cells, but am confused about the second part, please help!
In an electrolytic cell, an oxidation-reduction reaction occurs. This type of reaction involves the transfer of electrons from one species to another.
The voltage of an electrolytic cell is typically greater than the voltage of a galvanic cell and is determined by the reactants and the reaction conditions.
In an electrolytic cell, a chemical reaction is driven by an external electrical current. This current causes electrons to flow between two electrodes, typically a cathode and an anode. At the cathode, electrons are gained, leading to a reduction reaction, while at the anode, electrons are lost, leading to an oxidation reaction.
The voltage of an electrolytic cell is typically greater than the voltage of a galvanic cell, and is determined by the reactants and the reaction conditions. The voltage must be high enough to provide the energy needed to drive the reaction, and can be adjusted by changing the current. The reaction rate of an electrolytic cell can also be controlled by varying the current.
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What are the molecules of aspartame?
Aspartyl-phenylalanine-1-methyl ester, also known as the methyl ester of the dipeptide of the amino acids aspartic acid and the essential amino acid phenylalanine, is the term for an artificial, non-carbohydrate sweetener.
Sweeter than sugar flavoring ingredient that is broken down into phenylalanine and aspartic acid. Aspartyl-phenylalanine-1-methyl ester, also known as the methyl ester of the dipeptide of the amino acids aspartic acid and phenylalanine, is a synthetic, non-carbohydrate sweetener known as aspartame. Aspartic acid is a methyl ester of a dipeptide made up of aspartic acid and phenylalanine, two amino acids. Along with methanol, aspartame is entirely hydrolyzed to its individual amino acids in the digestive system. In the body, aspartame is hydrolyzed into aspartic acid (40%) phenylalanine (50%) and methanol (10%). An amino is aspartic acid.
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The heat of combustion of CH4 is 890. 4 kJ/mol and the heat capacity of H2O is 75. 2 J/mol×K.
Part A
Find the volume of methane measured at 298 K and 1. 45 atm required to convert 1. 50 L of water at 298 K to water vapor at 373 K
The volume of methane is 69.15L.
Heat (Q) of methane =Heat(Q) of water
Q = mcΔt
water mass = volume(V) × pressure(P)
1L×1kg/L=1kg
298 K to 373k = 25°C to 100 °C
c water = 75.2J/mol K =4.2 J/g °C = 4200 J/kg °C
Heat of water (Q) = 1×4200 (100 -25)
Heat of water (Q) = 315000J
∴ Heat of methane = Heat of water = 315000 J
= 315 KJ
n (mol) methane = ΔH/Q
890.4/315 = 2.83
According to the ideal gas law,
PV = nRT
Where;
P = Pressure
V = Volume
n = amount of substance
R = ideal gas constant
T = temperature
Now,
V = nRT/P
V = 2.83 × 0.082 ×298/1
V = 0.23206 ×298/1
V = 69.15L
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What is Gay- Lussacs law? State the definition of law in your own words.
Is 1 mole equal to 1 molecule?
No, a mole doesn't equal a molecule. Despite the fact that the terms "moles" and "molecules" are separate, the idea of "moles" can be used to quantify the number of molecules in a sample.
The primary distinction between a mole and a molecule is that a mole is a unit of measurement for amount whereas a molecule is an atomized chemical species.
A mole of a substance is the same number of molecules of that substance as there are carbon-12 atoms in precisely 12 g of the element. This indicates that the molecular weight of any material, stated in terms of atomic mass units, is equivalent to 1 mole of that substance's weight in grams.
Thus, a mole is an amount of 6.02210²³ particles, whereas a molecule has several atoms of different elements that are chemically connected to one another.
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Suppose you run this reaction in a solvent that dissolves elemental mercury and elemental oxygen. What is the equilibrium-constant expression in terms of molarities for the reaction, using (solv) to indicate solvation.
At 55 °C, the equilibrium constant for this reaction is 6.68. A pharmaceutical chemist prepares 15.0 L of an initial 0.275 M acetic acid and 3.85 M ethanol solution.
Create an equation that can be solved for x by plugging the equilibrium concentrations (expressed in terms of x) into the formula for the equilibrium constant. (d) The equation from subpart (c) is cubic (it bears the formula ax3 + bx2 + cx + d = 0). In general, it is impossible to solve cubic equations in closed form. Indicate the direction (toward product or toward reactants) in which the mixture must change if it is not at equilibrium. The concentrations of SO 2 Cl 2 and SO 2 are 0.108 M and 0.052 M, respectively, in a mixture of the three gases that has reached equilibrium.
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Ribose is an important sugar with a molar mass of 150.15 g/mol and an empirical formula of CH2O. What is the molecular formula
Ribose is an important sugar with a molar mass of 150.15 g/mol and an empirical formula of CH₂O . Its molecular formula is C₅H₁₀O₅
A molecular formula is defined as the exact number of different atoms present in the molecule of a compound. On the other hand, an empirical formula is defined as the simplest whole number ratio of the different atoms present in a molecule of a compound.
Given here,
molar mass of ribose sugar = 150.15 g/mol
empirical formula = CH₂O
To find: molecular formula
empirical formula mass of ribose sugar
= (12+ 1×2+ 16) g/mol
= 30 g/mol
molar mass/ empirical formula mass
= 150.15 gmol⁻¹ / 30 gmol⁻¹
=5.005
≈5
we know that
molecular formula
= molar mass/ empirical formula mass × empirical formula
=5 ×CH₂O
= C₅H₁₀O₅
Thus, the molecular formula is C₅H₁₀O₅
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If 6.00 L of 3.00 M HCl is added to 5.00 L of 2.00 M Ca(OH)2, which species will be the limiting reactant
HCl will be the limiting reactant for the above question
When HCl and Ca(OH)2 are mixed, they react to form water and calcium chloride (CaCl2) according to the following equation: HCl(aq) + Ca(OH)2(aq) -> CaCl2(aq) + 2H2O(l). To determine which species is the limiting reactant, we need to compare the amount of HCl and Ca(OH)2 present in the reaction.The number of moles of HCl present in the reaction is given by the equation n=CV, where n is the number of moles, C is the concentration of the solution and V is the volume. Hence number of HCL moles is:
n = 3.00 M 6.00L = 18.0 moles The number of moles of Ca(OH)2 present in the reaction is given by the equation n=CV, where n is the number of moles, C is the concentration of the solution and V is the volume. So the number of moles of Ca(OH)2 is: n = 2.00 M 5.00L = 10.0 moles. The number of moles of HCl is greater than the number of moles of Ca(OH)2, so HCl will be the limiting reactant.
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Be as explicit as you can in describing how the covalent bond between an atom of Chlorine and an atom of Iodine forms. (What happens to the electrons, which electrons are involved, and what allows this to happen MUST all be part of your answer to receive full credit.)
When two atoms of chlorine and iodine join together to form a covalent bond, their outermost electrons interact to form a chemical bond.
What is a Covalent bond?
A covalent bond is a type of chemical bond that involves the sharing of a pair of electrons between two atoms. Covalent bonds are formed when two atoms come together to share their electrons in order to reach a more stable electron configuration. As a result, the two atoms become bonded together by the attraction of their shared electrons.
The chlorine atom has seven valence electrons, while the iodine atom has seven as well. Both atoms will want to complete their octets, so the two atoms share their outermost electrons with each other. During the formation of the covalent bond, the chlorine atom will donate one of its electrons to the iodine atom, while the iodine atom will donate one of its electrons to the chlorine atom. This sharing of electrons allows the two atoms to form a single bond and fill their octets, forming a covalent bond.
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