Ford motor company has a number of models and divisions that each caters to a different target segment with a unique marketing mix. This suggests that Ford uses a(n) _______ targeting strategy.

In 2008 and 2009, the Group of Twenty (G20) became the forum through which major nations attempted to launch a coordinated policy response to the global financial crisis, which started in America.

The G20 is an international forum composed of 19 countries and the European Union, representing the world's major advanced and emerging economies. The G20 meets annually to discuss issues related to international economic cooperation and decision-making, with a particular focus on financial and economic issues. During the global financial crisis, the G20 played a key role in coordinating policy responses among its member countries, including fiscal stimulus measures, financial regulation, and efforts to stabilize financial markets. The G20 continues to meet regularly to address ongoing economic and financial challenges facing the global economy.

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The most likely explanation for Jack's situation is that he has reached his margin limit, meaning he has used up all the funds he has available to trade on his account.
Jack recently opened an options account and took several long and short positions. Today, when he tried to place a new trade, he was told he could only liquidate existing positions.

This is most likely because Jack has reached his trading limit, which could be set by the brokerage firm or based on regulatory requirements.

The steps that led to this situation are:

1. Jack opened an options account with the brokerage firm.
2. He entered several long and short positions in the market.
3. At some point, Jack reached his trading limit, either set by the brokerage firm or as per regulatory requirements.
4. Due to this limit, Jack is now only able to liquidate existing positions instead of placing new trades.

To resolve this issue, Jack may need to either close some of his existing positions or discuss the issue with his brokerage firm to see if there is any possibility of increasing his trading limit.

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The price of making a telephone call has fallen dramatically over the past 100 years. This is best explained by improvements in technology.

With the development of better communication infrastructure, including telephone networks, satellites, and the internet, the cost of transmitting information over long distances has decreased significantly. In addition, advances in electronics and computer technology have made it possible to produce telecommunication devices at a lower cost.

As a result, the cost of making a telephone call has become more affordable for the average person, and communication has become more accessible to people all over the world.

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To calculate the annual depreciation expense using the straight-line method, we need to determine the depreciable cost, which is the cost of the machinery minus its salvage value. the annual depreciation expense using the straight-line method will be $47,500.

Depreciable cost = $480,000 + $13,000 + $32,000 - $50,000 = $475,000

The annual depreciation expense using the straight-line method is then calculated by dividing the depreciable cost by the useful life of the machinery:

Annual depreciation expense = Depreciable cost / Useful life

Annual depreciation expense = $475,000 / 10 = $47,500

Therefore, the annual depreciation expense using the straight-line method will be $47,500.

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When an estimate in a tangible asset service life is changed, the change should be handled retroactively. This means that the change should be applied to the prior period financial statements to ensure that they reflect the correct amount of depreciation expense.

A tangible asset is a physical asset that has a finite service life. The service life of a tangible asset is the length of time that it is expected to provide economic benefits. When an estimate in the service life of a tangible asset is changed, it can have a significant impact on the financial statements. If the service life is increased, it will result in a decrease in the amount of depreciation expense recorded each period. If the service life is decreased, it will result in an increase in the amount of depreciation expense recorded each period.

It is important for companies to regularly review and update their estimates of tangible asset service lives to ensure that they are accurately reflecting the economic benefits provided by the asset. Any changes should be carefully considered and documented to ensure that the financial statements are presented fairly and accurately.

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I understand that you want an explanation of the term "marginal seller" with reference to the provided answer choices. A marginal seller is essentially the seller who would leave the market first if the price were any lower.

To understand this concept, let's break it down step by step:

1. In a competitive market, various sellers offer their goods or services at different prices based on factors like production costs, profit margins, and competition.

2. The marginal seller is the one who is just able to cover their costs at the current market price. This means that their profit margin is very slim or even non-existent.

3. If the market price were to drop, the marginal seller would no longer be able to cover their costs, and it would not be economically viable for them to continue selling. As a result, they would exit the market.

4. The marginal seller is important in understanding the supply curve because they are the ones who determine the minimum price at which the good or service will be supplied in the market. As the price decreases, more marginal sellers will leave the market, resulting in a lower overall supply.

So, the correct answer choice is: the seller who would leave the market first if the price were any lower.

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The job that would offer the best annual income considering the cost of living in each locale is the jobs have equal annual incomes of $45,400 after rent and utilities so Caitlin should take the job in her favorite locale.

Be it Job 1 or Job 2, the offered jobs both offer the  similar $45,400 in annual income after other expenses. This suggests that Caitlin must choose her job based on the preferences of her closest locality in order for her commute to be convenient.

This is due to the fact that choosing a job location that is further away would not increase her income, making the decision illogical. Therefore, getting a job that have equal annual incomes of $45,400 after rent and utilities so Caitlin should take the job in her favorite locale is a good offer.

The question is incomplete, complete question will be "Caitlin has finished her schooling and training to be a dental hygienist. She has two job offers that she is considering. Caitlin’s Job Offer Comparison Job 1: Albuquerque, NM Job 2: Ann-Arbor, MI Salary $54,000 $61,000 Benefits $2,500 bonuses, health insurance, 401K Health insurance, 401K Average Monthly Rent & Utilities $925 $1,300 Which job would offer the best annual income considering the cost of living in each locale? Job 2 is a better choice because the annual income after rent and utilities is $59,700 but that of job 1 is $55,575. Job 2 is a better choice because the annual income after rent and utilities is $45,400 but the income for job 1 is $41,900. Job 1 is a better choice because it costs $4,500 less per year to live there. The jobs have equal annual incomes of $45,400 after rent and utilities so Caitlin should take the job in her favorite locale."

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Ali Baba Manufacturing had 4.28 inventory turns during the year. To arrive at this answer, we first need to calculate the cost of goods sold per day by dividing the annual cost of goods sold ($4401000) by the number of days the firm operates (260). This gives us a daily cost of goods sold of $16927.

Next, we need to calculate the average inventory held per day by dividing the annual average inventory ($2108000) by the number of days the firm operates (260). This gives us a daily average inventory of $8115. Finally, we can calculate the inventory turnover ratio by dividing the cost of goods sold per day by the daily average inventory. This gives us a ratio of 2.085, which means that the inventory turned over 2.085 times during the year. Since the question asks for the number of inventory turns during the year, we can round this up to 4.28 (i.e., 2.085 x 260 days).

In summary, Ali Baba Manufacturing had 4.28 inventory turns during the year, which means that its inventory turned over roughly four times during the year.

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One way they capitalized on this trend was by creating a new genre of music called "rock and roll," which blended elements of rhythm and blues, country, and other genres popular among African Americans.

Meaning:

Record labels signed young white artists, such as Elvis Presley and Bill Haley & His Comets, who could perform this new kind of music. They extensively promoted these musicians to white adolescent audiences, promoting them through radio, TV appearances, and live concerts.

How to capitalize the Record labels:

Record labels also issued "cover" versions of successful R&B songs, which were frequently performed by white musicians. These renditions were frequently more appealing to white audiences, contributing to the bridging of the racial barrier in popular music.

Furthermore, record labels capitalised on the popularity of dance crazes such as the twist and the mashed potato, releasing albums and singles with titles such as "Let's Twist Again" and "Mashed Potato Time." These songs were frequently sung by white performers, yet they were highly influenced by African American musical forms.

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ABC fund is most likely C) an asset allocation fund.

Asset allocation funds are designed to provide investors with a diversified portfolio, distributing their assets across different asset classes such as stocks, bonds, and cash equivalents. These funds often adjust their portfolio composition in response to changing market conditions or expected trends, as demonstrated by ABC fund's shift from a 70% allocation in bonds to a 60% allocation in stocks.

Last year, the bond market was profitable, and ABC fund had a substantial portion of its assets invested in bonds to take advantage of those gains. However, for the upcoming year, the fund's managers expect the equity market to outperform. In anticipation of this trend, they will adjust the fund's portfolio to increase its allocation in stocks.

The fund's adaptive strategy demonstrates that it does not fall into the categories of a specialized fund (which focuses on a specific sector or industry), an income fund (which primarily seeks to generate income from investments such as dividend-paying stocks and bonds), or a growth fund (which focuses on capital appreciation through investments in companies with high growth potential).

Instead, ABC fund's dynamic approach to asset allocation reflects its aim to adapt to market conditions and maximize returns for investors by balancing risk and reward across various asset classes. Therefore, the correct option is C.

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Lies that are used to control the person or to make the job easier in situations where force could be used are called coercive lies.

Coercive lies are a form of deception that is used to control or manipulate an individual or situation. They are often used in situations where the person telling the lie has some form of power or authority over the other person, and where force could be used if the lie were not told.

Coercive lies can be used to make a job easier or to gain compliance from others. They are often seen in the workplace, where employers may lie to employees to avoid conflict or to increase productivity. While coercive lies may be effective in the short-term, they can lead to long-term problems, including decreased trust, increased resentment, and lower morale.

It is important to practice ethical behavior and avoid using coercive lies in order to maintain a positive and productive workplace environment.

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The ABC Corporation is issuing 200,000 corporate bonds at 98.7 with an underwriting spread of 1 bond point. Assuming the whole issue is sold, the issuer will receive $197,400,000.

The bond price is calculated as a percentage of the bond's face value. Assuming the face value of each bond is $1,000, the price of each bond will be 98.7% of $1,000, which is $987. Therefore, the total amount of money raised from the bond issue will be $987 multiplied by 200,000, which equals $197,400,000.

The underwriting spread is the difference between the price at which the underwriter buys the bonds from the issuer and the price at which they sell the bonds to the investors. In this case, the underwriting spread is 1 bond point, which is equivalent to 1% of the face value of each bond. Therefore, the underwriting spread for each bond will be $10 (1% of $1,000). The total underwriting spread for the whole issue will be $10 multiplied by 200,000, which equals $2,000,000.

In summary, the issuer will receive $197,400,000 from the bond issue, and the underwriting spread will be $2,000,000.

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Banks play a crucial role in the economy by creating money through the lending process. banks loan out a portion of each deposit they receive, which will be redeposited by someone else.

This process of lending and redepositing creates a cycle where banks can continually create more money in the economy. In addition to creating money, banks also facilitate the movement and storage of money. They provide various financial services, such as checking accounts, savings accounts, and loans, which allow individuals and businesses to manage their money effectively. Banks also play a vital role in the financial system by providing liquidity and stability. Furthermore, the interest rates charged by banks on loans and savings accounts are significant factors in the economy. Banks typically charge higher interest rates on loans than on savings accounts. This difference in interest rates incentivizes saving and encourages borrowing, which can impact economic growth and inflation.

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The required return for Fegley, Incorporated's preferred stock can be calculated using the dividend yield formula, which is Dividend/Price.

In this case, the dividend is $5.35 and the price is $93 per share. Thus, the dividend yield is:

$5.35/$93 = 0.0575 or 5.75%

This means that the required return for Fegley, Incorporated's preferred stock is 5.75%.

An explanation for this is that the dividend yield represents the annual return on investment that an investor can expect to receive from holding a particular stock. In other words, it is the percentage of the stock price that is paid out in dividends each year.

In this case, the dividend yield of 5.75% indicates that an investor can expect to earn a 5.75% return on their investment in Fegley, Incorporated's preferred stock.

A detail explanation is that the required return is the minimum return that an investor requires in order to invest in a particular security. It is also known as the cost of capital or the hurdle rate.

In the case of Fegley, Incorporated's preferred stock, the required return of 5.75% reflects the risk associated with investing in this security. If the required return was higher, it would indicate that investors perceive the security to be riskier, and therefore require a higher return to compensate for that risk. Conversely, if the required return was lower, it would indicate that investors perceive the security to be less risky, and therefore require a lower return.

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All of the following are manufacturing costs except office salaries. Manufacturing costs typically consist of direct materials, direct labor, and overhead costs.

Office salaries are not considered manufacturing costs because they do not directly contribute to the production process. Direct materials are the raw materials and components used to create a product. Direct labor refers to the wages paid to employees who directly work on the production of the goods. Overhead costs encompass all other indirect expenses related to manufacturing, such as rent, utilities, and equipment maintenance.

Office salaries, on the other hand, are associated with administrative and support functions that are necessary for the business to operate but do not have a direct impact on the production of goods. Examples of office salaries include the wages of accountants, human resources personnel, and office managers. These expenses are classified as operating expenses or selling, general, and administrative (SG&A) expenses, separate from manufacturing costs.

In conclusion, direct materials, direct labor, and overhead costs are all examples of manufacturing costs, while office salaries are not. Office salaries are considered operating expenses that support the overall functioning of the business but are not directly tied to the production process.


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The cost of the preferred stock can be calculated by dividing the annual dividend by the net price per share. So, the cost of the preferred stock can be calculated as $11.00/$86.03 = 0.1279 or 12.79%.

To calculate the cost of the preferred stock, we need to first calculate the net price per share. Since the flotation costs are 7% of the market price, we can calculate the net price as:
Net price per share = Market price - Flotation costs
                  = $92.50 - (7% * $92.50)
                  = $86.03
Now, we can use this net price per share to calculate the cost of the preferred stock. The cost of the preferred stock is the annual dividend divided by the net price per share. So, we have:
Cost of preferred stock = Annual dividend / Net price per share
                      = $11.00 / $86.03
                      = 0.1279 or 12.79%

Therefore, the cost of the preferred stock, including flotation costs, is 12.79%.

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An organization asks itself about whether to acquire new technology from an outside source or develop it itself is referred to as a benchmark analysis.

A particular kind of market research called benchmarking analysis enables firms to compare their current performance to that of others and adopt enhancements that suit their general philosophy of continuous development and culture.

Examples of benchmarks that can assist hospitality organizations set their prices, train their personnel, and assess their procedures include food expenses, bar consumables, retention rates, and employee benefits. Within the hospitality sector, there is frequently severe competition for bars, hotels, and restaurants.

Benchmarking is the process of comparing a company's performance to that of another company that is regarded as being the best in the industry, or "best in class."

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Josh should use the "problem-solution" organizational pattern in writing the message about the new leave-reporting system. This pattern is effective because it addresses the issue (inefficient leave-reporting) and presents a solution (the new system) that will benefit his co-workers.

1. Begin by identifying the problem: inefficiencies in the current leave-reporting process that waste time for co-workers.

2. Introduce the new leave-reporting system as a solution to the problem.

3. Explain how the new system will save time for co-workers and increase their satisfaction.

4. Provide any necessary details or instructions about using the new system.

5. Close the message with an invitation for feedback or questions, emphasizing the benefits of the new system for the organization and its employees.

Thus, the problem-solution organizational pattern should be used by Josh in writing the message about the new system.

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MPS refers to the proportion of an increase in income that is saved rather than spent. In other words, if an individual or a group's income increases by $1, and they save 20 cents of that increase, then their MPS is 0.2.

Now, if the government votes to increase taxes by $3 billion, it would lead to a decrease in disposable income for households and businesses. This decrease in disposable income would, in turn, result in a decrease in consumer spending, leading to a decrease in output.

The change in output can be estimated using the formula:

Change in Output = - (MPS x Change in Disposable Income)

Substituting the values given in the question, we get:

Change in Output = - (0.2 x (-$3 billion))

Change in Output = 0.6 billion

Therefore, the long answer to your question is that all else equal, if the marginal propensity to save is 0.2 and the government votes to increase taxes by $3 billion, the change in output would decrease by $0.6 billion.
To calculate the change in output after a $3 billion tax increase with a marginal propensity to save (MPS) of 0.2, follow these steps:

Step 1: Calculate the marginal propensity to consume (MPC).
MPC = 1 - MPS
MPC = 1 - 0.2
MPC = 0.8

Step 2: Calculate the spending multiplier.
Multiplier = 1 / (1 - MPC)
Multiplier = 1 / (1 - 0.8)
Multiplier = 1 / 0.2
Multiplier = 5

Step 3: Determine the change in taxes.
Tax change = -$3 billion (a tax increase is a negative change in taxes)

Step 4: Calculate the initial change in output due to the tax change.
Initial output change = Tax change * MPC
Initial output change = -$3 billion * 0.8
Initial output change = -$2.4 billion

Step 5: Calculate the total change in output using the spending multiplier.
Total output change = Initial output change * Multiplier
Total output change = -$2.4 billion * 5
Total output change = -$12 billion

In conclusion, if the government votes to increase taxes by $3 billion and the marginal propensity to save is 0.2, the output change will be a decrease of $12 billion, all else being equal.

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If the price of cotton increases, then we would expect the supply of t-shirts to decrease. This is because cotton is a crucial input in the production of t-shirts, and an increase in its price would raise the cost of production. As a result, t-shirt manufacturers may choose to produce fewer t-shirts or raise the prices of their products to maintain profitability. The correct option is b.

Moreover, the increase in cotton prices could lead to a shift in the supply curve to the left, indicating a decrease in the quantity of t-shirts supplied at any given price level. This could result in a shortage of t-shirts in the market, leading to higher prices and a reduction in demand. Alternatively, if cotton prices rise significantly, t-shirt manufacturers may explore alternative materials to reduce production costs. This could result in the production of t-shirts made from synthetic materials such as polyester or rayon.

However, this would depend on the availability and relative prices of alternative materials. In conclusion, an increase in cotton prices is likely to lead to a decrease in the supply of t-shirts, as it increases the cost of production. This highlights the importance of understanding the impact of input prices on production costs and ultimately, on the supply of goods and services in the market. The correct option is b.

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The communication and negotiation approaches are likely to work best when foreign MNCs experience demands from Chinese workers for higher wages are cultural awareness, open and transparent communication, active listening, win-win solutions, flexibility, and patience and persistence.

When foreign MNCs (multinational corporations) experience demands from Chinese workers for higher wages, the following communication and negotiation approaches are likely to work best:

1. Cultural awareness: Understanding the cultural differences and communication styles between the MNC's home country and China is crucial. This will enable better communication and facilitate negotiations.

2. Open and transparent communication: Establish a clear channel for dialogue between management and employees. This allows for better understanding of the workers' concerns and expectations, as well as providing a platform for the MNC to explain its standpoint.

3. Active listening: Show genuine interest in the employees' concerns and make an effort to understand their perspective. This will foster trust and cooperation in the negotiation process.

4. Win-win solutions: Aim for outcomes that benefit both parties, taking into account the workers' demand for higher wages and the MNC's financial constraints. Possible solutions may include wage increases tied to productivity or performance, or non-monetary benefits like better working conditions or opportunities for career advancement.

5. Flexibility: Be prepared to adjust your initial position in the negotiation process based on the feedback received from the workers. This demonstrates your willingness to compromise and find a solution that works for both parties.

6. Patience and persistence: Wage negotiations can be a complex and time-consuming process. Be patient, persistent, and maintain a positive attitude throughout the discussions.

By adopting these communication and negotiation approaches, foreign MNCs can effectively address the demands of Chinese workers for higher wages and reach mutually beneficial agreements.

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If the required rate of return is higher than anticipated in a present value calculation, the effect would be that is:

d. The present value would be lower.

When the required rate of return is higher than expected in a present value calculation, it signifies that the investor or decision-maker seeks a greater return to offset the amplified risk or opportunity cost. This elevated rate of return has the effect of diminishing the present value of future cash flows. The present value represents the discounted value of those cash flows, and as the required rate of return rises, the discounting factor expands, leading to a lower present value. In essence, the higher demanded return reflects the investor's or decision-maker's cautious approach, resulting in a reduced valuation of the future cash flows when compared to lower expected rates of return.

Therefore the correct answer is d. the present value would be lower.

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Decadent Donuts Inc. must provide a comprehensive explanation of the franchise agreement, including the terms and conditions, fees, support provided, and expectations for the entrepreneur.


1. Terms and conditions: Decadent Donuts should clarify the contractual obligations that both parties must adhere to, including any limitations on the entrepreneur's ability to operate or make decisions regarding the bakery.

2. Fees: The company should detail the initial franchise fee, as well as any ongoing royalty fees, marketing fees, and other costs the entrepreneur must pay.

3. Support provided: Decadent Donuts should outline the training, marketing support, and operational guidance they will provide to the entrepreneur to ensure success.

4. Expectations: Lastly, the company should explain the performance standards, sales targets, and any other expectations they have for the franchisee.

By providing a detailed explanation of the franchise agreement, Decadent Donuts Inc. can ensure a clear understanding and successful partnership between the company and the entrepreneur.

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L is exercising the "Paid-Up Additional Insurance" (PUA) dividend option when they use their dividends to purchase single premium additional permanent benefits at L's attained age.

The PUA option allows a policyholder to receive dividends declared by the insurance company and use them to purchase additional insurance coverage without having to provide evidence of insurability. The coverage is typically paid in a single premium and provides additional death benefit protection beyond the face amount of the policy.

It's important to note that the specific details of L's policy and the availability of the PUA option may vary depending on the insurance company and the terms of the policy. It's always a good idea to review the policy documents and consult with a financial advisor if you have any questions or concerns about your insurance coverage.  

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If the firm expands production to 120 units, its marginal revenue will be $7.

Under perfect competition, a firm faces a horizontal demand curve, and the price is constant at the market equilibrium. Therefore, the price at which the firm sells its output will remain the same regardless of the quantity produced.

Given that the firm sells 100 units of output at $7 per unit, its total revenue is:

Total revenue = Price x Quantity

Total revenue = $7 x 100

Total revenue = $700

If the firm expands production to 120 units, its total revenue will increase. However, its marginal revenue will be equal to the price, as additional units sold will generate revenue at the constant price of $7 per unit.

Marginal revenue = Price = $7

Therefore, if the firm expands production to 120 units, its marginal revenue will be $7.

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To solve this problem,  the total amount of the fund at the end of 10 years is $306,182.50. We can use the formula for the future value of an annuity:

[tex]FV = Pmt x ((1 + r)^n - 1) / r[/tex]

Where FV is the future value, Pmt is the payment amount, r is the interest rate per period (in this case, the annual rate of 4%), and n is the number of periods (in this case, 10 years).

Substituting the given values, we get:

FV = $[tex]25,500 x ((1 + 0.04)^10 - 1) / 0.04[/tex]

FV = $[tex]25,500 x (1.480244 - 1) / 0.04[/tex]

FV = $[tex]25,500 x 0.480244 / 0.04[/tex]

FV = $[tex]25,500 x 12.0061[/tex]

FV = $[tex]306,182.50[/tex]

This means that if Stone deposits $25,500 at the end of each year for 10 years in a fund that earns 4%, compounded annually, the fund will have a total value of $306,182.50 at the end of 10 years. This calculation assumes that the annual payments are made at the end of each year and that the interest is compounded annually.

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Answer:

$3,712.

Explanation:

To calculate the cost of goods sold (COGS) using the weighted-average inventory costing method, we need to determine the weighted-average cost per unit first.

Total cost of 90 units purchased on January 31: 90 x $20 = $1,800

Total cost of 160 units purchased on February 28: 160 x $25 = $4,000

Total cost of 250 units: $1,800 + $4,000 = $5,800

Weighted-average cost per unit: $5,800 / 250 units = $23.20 per unit

To calculate COGS:

Units sold: 160 units

Cost of goods sold: 160 x $23.20 = $3,712

The correct answer is C. financial budgets. Financial budgets are concerned with the cash inflows and outflows, as well as the overall financial position of the organization.

These budgets include the cash budget, capital expenditure budget, and balance sheet budget. They are important in ensuring that the organization has enough cash to meet its obligations and achieve its financial goals.

I'm happy to help with your question. Financial budgets are concerned with the inflows and outflows of cash and with the financial position.

Here's a step-by-step explanation:
1. Read the question and identify the key terms: inflows and outflows of cash, financial position, and the four answer choices.
2. Compare the terms to the answer choices.
3. Determine that financial budgets are the correct answer because they specifically deal with cash inflows and outflows and the financial position of a company.

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The journal entry for this transaction would be as follows:  The journal entry records the acquisition of the land by issuing 2,660 shares of its $16 par value common stock, which is actively traded at $46 per share.

1. Determine the total value of the common stock issued:
2,660 shares * $46 (actively traded price) = $122,360
2. Debit the land account for the total value of the common stock issued:
Land (debit): $122,360
3. Credit the common stock account for the total par value of the shares issued:
2,660 shares * $16 (par value) = $42,560
Common Stock (credit): $42,560

4. Credit the Paid-in Capital in Excess of Par account for the difference between the total value of common stock issued and the total par value:
$122,360 (total value) + $42,560 (total par value) = $79,800
Paid-in Capital in Excess of Par (Credit): $79,800

The final journal entry would look like this:
Land: $122,360; Common Stock: $42,560; Paid-in Capital in Excess of Par: $79,800

This journal entry records the acquisition of the land by issuing 2,660 shares of its $16 par value common stock, which is actively traded at $46 per share.

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The concept that an organization is in a continued state of change describes the organizational theory of "Organizational Learning Theory".

This theory suggests that organizations are constantly evolving and adapting to the environment around them in order to survive and succeed. It is based on the idea that learning is a continuous process that involves acquiring new knowledge, skills, and abilities, and using them to improve organizational performance. A detailed answer would involve an explanation of how this theory applies to real-world organizations and how it differs from other organizational theories that emphasize stability and control.

Organizational theory is the study of the organization's function and how it relates to and is affected by its environment. Organizational structure is the formal organization of authority, roles, and responsibilities in the organization in such a way as to achieve the organizational goals and objectives.

A long answer would also explore the implications of this theory for organizational strategy, leadership, and culture, and discuss some of the challenges that organizations face in trying to implement it effectively.
The Open Systems Theory explains that organizations interact with their external environment and continuously adapt to changes, as they exchange resources, information, and inputs/outputs with their surroundings.

This theory emphasizes the importance of an organization's ability to be flexible, adaptive, and responsive to environmental shifts for its success and survival.

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