During depolarization, membrane potential becomes more positive, which triggers an action potential.
Depolarization is a process in which the membrane potential of a neuron becomes less negative or more positive, making the inside of the neuron more positive than the outside. This occurs when positively charged ions, such as sodium (Na+) ions, flow into the neuron, which causes the membrane potential to become more positive. If the depolarization reaches a certain threshold, it triggers an action potential, which is a rapid and temporary reversal of the membrane potential. The action potential allows the neuron to communicate with other neurons or muscle cells.
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What neurotransmitter is released from the sympathetic preganglionic fiber?
a. epinephrine
b. sodium
c. dopamine
d. norepinephrine
e. acetylcholine
The neurotransmitters which is released from the sympathetic preganglionic fiber is acetylcholine
What are neurotransmitters?Neurotransmitters are those chemical substances which are released at the end of a nerve fibre by the arrival of a nerve impulse and by diffusing across the synapse or junction, they effects the transfer of the impulse to another nerve fibre
So few other examples of neurotransmitters are:
SerotoninDopamineGlutamateHistamineNorepinephrineSo therefore, the neurotransmitters which is released from the sympathetic preganglionic fiber is acetylcholine
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_______________ speciation emphasizes slow gradual change of genetic information (phyletic gradualism)
Sympatric is the answer.
Sympatric speciation is the evolution of a new species from a surviving ancestral species while both continue to live in the same geographic area.
Sympatric speciation occurs when all members are in close proximity to each other, with no physical barriers to prevent species members from mating with each other. New species, perhaps based on different food sources or characteristics, appear to evolve spontaneously.
Speciation (biological definition): A form of speciation in which a new species evolves from a single ancestral species while living in the same geographic area. Orthotopic speciation is more common in plants. For example, a parent plant produces progeny that are polyploid.
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xplain how the chemical breakdown of glucose results in the production of a hydrogen ion concentration gradient across the mitochondrial membrane, as shown
A high-energy electron is transferred along an electron transport chain to the inner mitochondrial membrane. Hydrogen is pumped out of the matrix space by the energy released. Through ATP synthase, the gradient produced by this forces hydrogen back through the membrane. when participating in the crucial process of oxidative phosphorylation.
Only a tiny portion of the glucose's totally free energy is released when it is transformed into pyruvate by the glycolytic process.
The breakdown of glucose into pyruvate within a cell's cytoplasm is known as glycolysis. The final phase of cellular respiration, known as oxidative phosphorylation, generates ATP using an ATP synthase gradient and a hydrogen ion gradient. The majority of the ATP produced during cellular respiration is produced during this process. Pyruvate can diffuse into mitochondria under aerobic conditions, where it enters the citric acid cycle and has reducing equivalents in the forms of NADH and FADH2.
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In reviewing his learning and memory lecture, Mike recalled that he said "this is an 'excited' area of humanity," which made no sense. The embarrassment overcame him so intensely that he had to call Dr. Baraban and confess his errors, lamenting at how he was a fraud. Mike looks back on this and cringes at his wretched display of low self-confidence. What types of memory were implicated in this entire episode?
Answer choices:
Declarative
Emotional
Modal
Motor
Declarative memory type of memory was implicated in this entire episode.
Declarative memoryOne of the two types of long-term memory is explicit or declarative memory. Procedure memory is the other. Declarative memory is the consciously retained remembering of experiences, events, and knowledge applied to daily life. Semantic and episodic memory are two subsets of declarative memory that store facts that are consciously known. Independent of previous experiences, semantic memory is the process of storing broad knowledge. For instance, being familiar with phone numbers, foods, capitals, and particular words and definitions. The experiences, abilities, and life events that are remembered episodically are specific. Bicycling, going to a concert, and focusing on a particular person are some examples. According to this theory, the different memory kinds are interconnected and mutually supportive.
In reviewing his learning and memory lecture, Mike recalled that he said "this is an 'excited' area of humanity," which made no sense. The embarrassment overcame him so intensely that he had to call Dr. Baraban and confess his errors, lamenting at how he was a fraud. Mike looks back on this and cringes at his wretched display of low self-confidence. What types of memory were implicated in this entire episode?
Answer choices:
Declarative memoryEmotional
Modal
Motor
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A ___ organism always produces offspring that are identical to the parent when self-fertilized.
Answer: the answer to this question can be this-
Explanation:
it can be single-celled organisms like an amoeba.
who divide itself by binary or multiple fission to reproduce offspring which is same copies of them known as clones.
A coral reef is a complex ______ of calcium carbonate shells that are home to microbes, algae, invertebrates, and fishes, and its high productivity helps provide great species richness.
Asynchronous development of hematopoietic cells within the bone marrow is the result of:________.
Asynchronous development of hematopoietic cells within the bone marrow is the result of decreased cellularity of hematopoietic precursors in the bone marrow.
Hematopoietic stem cells are found in the peripheral blood and the bone marrow. Also called blood stem cell.
These cells begins as an unspecialized stem cell. This stem cell multiplies, and some of these new cells transform into precursor cells(Asynchronous).
After birth, and during early childhood, hematopoiesis occurs in the red marrow of the bone, with age, hematopoiesis becomes restricted to the skull, sternum, ribs, vertebrae, and pelvis.
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What is the coarse adjustment for in a microscope?
Answer:
Answer below
Explanation:
A rapid control which allows for quick focusing by moving the objective lens or stage up and down. It is used for initial focusing.
Hope this helped and have a good day
The number of mitochondria in a cell would be a general indicator of the extent of:________
The number of mitochondria in a cell would be a general indicator of the extent of ATP production in that cell.
In the mitochondria of a cell, the process of cellular respiration also results in the formation of ATP. This can be done through either anaerobic or aerobic respiration, depending on whether oxygen is present. From glucose and oxygen, aerobic respiration creates ATP, as well as carbon dioxide and water.By adding a phosphate group to another molecule, ATP can drive biological operations (a process called phosphorylation). Special enzymes are responsible for carrying out this transfer, which connects the cellular processes that need energy to the release of energy from ATP.learn more about ATP here: https://brainly.com/question/869305
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Which combination of alleles are always involved in the inheritance of a sex-linked trait?
Answer:
important category of genetic linkage has to do with the X and Y sex chromosomes. These not only carry the genes that determine male and female traits but also those for some other characteristics as well.
Answer:
alleles that are carried on X and Y chromosomes
Explanation:
Edge
Glycogen in the________________is broken down and released when blood glucose is low.
Answer:
a
Explanation:
The most complicated spinal reflexes are called:
Orange juice containing added calcium is an example of which type of food?
a. fortified
b. processed
c. imitation
d. functional
e. enriched
Orange juice containing added calcium is an example of which type of food d. functional.
Orange juice is a liquid extract of the orange tree fruit, produced via the use of compacting or reaming oranges. it's miles to be had in several differing types. Orange juice refers back to the juice of oranges. it's miles made by squeezing the sparkling fruit, drying, and later rehydrating the juice.
regular consumption of Orange juice has been associated with numerous fitness benefits, which include advanced heart fitness, reduced irritation, and a discounted hazard of kidney stones.
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A compound called tpp activates an enzyme critical in carbohydrate metabolism. tpp is:________
a. a branched-chain amino acid.
b. a coenzyme.
c. a b-vitamin called thiamin.
d. a derivative of adenosine triphosphate (atp).
Compound called tpp activates an enzyme critical in carbohydrate metabolism is a coenzyme.
Thiamine (vitamin B1) is a precursor of the well-known coenzyme of central metabolic pathways thiamine diphosphate (ThDP). Highly intense glucose oxidation in the brain requires ThDP-dependent enzymes, which determines the critical significance of thiamine for neuronal functions. Thiamin pyrophosphate (TPP) is a cofactor for a number of enzymes, such as transketolase, pyruvate dehydrogenase, and α-ketoglutarate dehydrogenase. TPP works as a coenzyme in many enzymatic reactions, such as Pyruvate dehydrogenase complex. Pyruvate decarboxylase in ethanol fermentation.
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For a species with a Type II curve, less than ____% of individuals survive for 50% of the maximum life span. At 50% of maximum life span.
10% is the answer.
In contrast, the Type II curve describes birds, mice, and other organisms characterized by relatively constant mortality or survival throughout life.
Type II. Many bird species have a type II survival curve. On the Type II curve, organisms die almost evenly at each age interval. Organisms with this type of survival curve also have relatively few offspring and can provide important parental care.
The Type II survival curve shows near-constant mortality throughout the life of the species. This means that the probability of an individual dying is independent of age. The Type II survival curve is plotted as a diagonal down the graph.
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The _____ system transports nutrients and oxygen to the cells and takes carbon dioxide and waste products to the lungs and kidneys for elimination.
The circulatory system transports nutrients and oxygen to the cells and takes carbon dioxide and waste products to the lungs and kidneys for elimination.
How does the circulatory system work?The circulatory system transports nutrients and oxygen to all the cells of the body. Circulatory system consists of the heart and the blood vessels (arteries and veins) which are present throughout the body and deliver nutrients and oxygen. The arteries work to carry the blood away from the heart while the veins carry it back to the heart. The network of blood vessels is just like a tree with branches.The heartbeats control the blood circulation.Blood flows from the atria to the ventricles from where it gets distributed to other organs.The brief pathway of blood through heart is as follows: different organs of the body > inferior/superior vena cava > right atrium > right ventricle > pulmonary arteries > lungs > pulmonary veins > left atrium > left ventricle > aorta > body cellsLearn more about circulatory system here:
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Which part of the zapotec agricultural system does not correspond well to western ecological understandings?
Zapotec agricultural is grown where the climate aloows such that crops, staple, corn, beans and squash. Zapotec society is oriented villages and complete agricultural.
Hunting ,fishing and gathering all are wild foods which is also practiced. Zapotec people created by most successful farming civilization in the america. Elaborated network of canals, dams and terraced fields and stored the water for irrigation.
Zapotec exploited rabbits as their food sources used their hair in textile production and some ritual practices.Zapotec people originated un the three central valleys were divided between different societies, which are separated by no mans land.They also maintained trade through Oaxaca.
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A woman is admitted to the labor suite with contractions every 5 minutes lasting 1 minute. she is postterm and has oligohydramnios. what does this increase the risk of during birth?
In that situation the risk of cord compression during the child birth. Serious umbilical cord problems can result in brain damage or the death of baby.
Umbilical cord occurs when the baby weight on the placenta or the vaginal walls put pressure on the cord during pregnancy labor or delivery. Cord compression during pregnancy is common problem. Sing of umbilical cord compression may include less activity form the bay observed as a decrease in movement or an irregular heart beats.
Umbilical cord compression is a medical term used to describe a condition in which a baby's umbilical cord becomes flattened by pressure of the baby.
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If blood is in short supply, which blood type would be the most beneficial to have on hand if someone needed a blood
transfusion?
O AB+
O AB-
Answer:
o AB+
Explanation:
the recipient is a universal recipient
H. If you had 64 amu of ch4, how many molecules would this be?
Given mass/molar mass = 64
Molar mass of methane = 16
Therefore,
No. of moles of methane = 64/16 = 4.
So, there are 4 moles of methane in 64amu of ch4.
Since, Avogadro's number= 6.022 * 10^23 i.e number of units in one mole of any substance)
We can also write 4* 6.022 * 10^23 molecules of methane [ one mole has weight as molecular weight in gm] .
Since each molecule has 10e, we can also write
10 * 4 * 6.022 *10^23 e in 64 gm of methane.
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what are tropic response and auxins in details
Answer:
Phototropism is the growth of an organism in response to a light stimulus. Phototropism is most often observed in plants, but can also occur in other organisms such as fungi. The cells on the plant that are farthest from the light contain a hormone called auxin that reacts when phototropism occurs.
Plants with higher numbers of stomata on the surfaces of their leaves would likely have higher rates of transpiration when compared to plants with lower numbers of stomata because __________
Plants with higher numbers of stomata on the surfaces of their leaves would likely have higher rates of transpiration when compared to plants with lower numbers of stomata because almost 97 % of water from plants is lost through stomatal transpiration.
What is Transpiration?Transpiration is a process which involves loss of water vapour through the stomata of plants and this loss cools the plant down when the weather is very hot, so the water from the stem and roots moves upwards or is 'pulled' into the leaves.
The water remaining 97–99.5% is lost by transpiration and guttation through the presence of stomata in the leaves. In this process, water evaporates in the atmosphere from plant leaves and other part.
There are different types of transpiration which depends on the organ that performs transpiration
Stomatal transpirationCuticular transpirationLenticular TranspirationThus, plants with higher numbers of stomata on the surfaces of their leaves would likely have higher rates of transpiration when compared to plants with lower numbers of stomata because almost 97 % of water from plants is lost through stomatal transpiration.
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What is the main difference between prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells? the presence or absence of a ______
The main difference between prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells is that Eukaryotic cells have a nucleus, a membrane-bound chamber where DNA is stored, while prokaryotic cells don't.
This is the feature that formally separates the two groups. Eukaryotes usually have other membrane-bound organelles in addition to the nucleus, while prokaryotes don't.
Cells in general are small, but prokaryotic cells are really small. Typical prokaryotic cells range from 0.1 to 5.0 micrometers (μm) in diameter and are significantly smaller than eukaryotic cells, which usually have diameters ranging from 10 to 100 μm.
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Which of the following characteristics can distinguish bacterial cells from cells in the other domains of life
The characteristic that can distinguish bacterial cells from cells in the other domains of life is that only bacterial cells have peptidoglycan cell wells.
What is the major difference between a bacterial cell and the cells of other organisms?
Animal and plant cells are different from bacterial cells in a number of ways. One key distinction is that, unlike plant and animal cells, bacterial cells lack internal organelles including mitochondria, chloroplasts, and a nucleus.
Bacteria can be categorised according to their morphology, such as bacilli (rod-shaped), cocci (sphere-shaped), and spirilli (spirals). In that they have cytoplasm, ribosomes, and a plasma membrane, bacteria resemble eukaryotic cells. A bacterial cell can be distinguished from a eukaryotic cell by its circular nucleoid DNA, absence of membrane-bound organelles, peptidoglycan cell wall, and flagella.
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Digestion refers to the A. progressive dehydration of indigestible residue. B. mechanical breakdown of food. C. release of water, acids, enzymes and buffers by organs. D. mechanical and chemical breakdown of food.
Answer:
d is the correct answer
Explanation:
Answer:
[tex]\huge\boxed{\sf Option \ D}[/tex]
Explanation:
Digestion is:mechanical breakdown. (movement of muscles for catabolism)chemical breakdown. (Use of enzymes so that the food can be made smaller)So, Digestion is both mechanical and chemical breakdown of food.
[tex]\rule[225]{225}{2}[/tex]
Which of the following is a true statement regarding the trachealis muscle: Group of answer choices lined with pseudostratified columnar epithelium located on the anterior portion of the trachea consists of skeletal muscle consists of smooth muscle
The trachealis muscle consists of smooth muscle.
Trachealis Muscle
The trachealis muscle is a band of smooth muscles seen in the fibroelastic membrane of the trachea. They are seen extending between the end of the tracheal rings. Their contraction often reduces the size of the lumen. This can force the air out of the trachea and this can be seen during coughing. They often become less elastic as the person becomes old.
The trachealis muscles are located towards the anterior portion of the trachea and anterior to the esophagus. The C-shaped rings of the cartilage in the trachea are completed with the help of the trachealis muscle. They bridge the gap seen in the C-shaped cartilage rings and also provide support to the cartilage seen inside the trachea.
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Interestingly, experiments have shown that PALA can act as both an activator and an inhibitor of ATCase activity. Specifically, PALA acts as an activator at low concentrations and an inhibitor at high concentrations. Propose an explanation for this observation.
A Final statement or concluding statement PALA may activate ATCase at low Asp concentrations and saturating CP concentrations .
According to the Statement:
Instead of activation, inhibition occurs when PALA or Asp concentrations are high. The activation generated by low concentrations of PALA can be explained by the MWC model. The majority of the population of the enzyme does not transition to the R state at low Asp concentrations because the Asp concentration is insufficient to encourage this transition. As a result, the majority of the enzyme population is in the low-activity, low-affinity T state.
On the other hand, PALA binding, because of the way its structure resembles the transition state structure of the process, is able to keep the enzyme in the high-activity, high-affinity R state.
As a result, activity increases at low concentrations of PALA; but, as PALA concentration rises, more and more of the active sites are replaced by the non-hydrolyzable bisubstrate analog, and activity falls. At high Asp concentrations and a saturating CP concentration, PALA activation is not seen.
PALA binding just blocks the active site to which it binds and reduces activity because the enzyme population is already in the R state under these circumstances.
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A Final statement or concluding statement PALA may activate ATCase at low Asp concentrations and saturating CP concentrations .
However, increasing the concentration of PALA or Asp results in inhibition rather than activation. The MWC model can explain the activation caused by low amounts of PALA.
Because the Asp concentration is inadequate to promote the transition to the R state for the majority of the enzyme population at low Asp concentrations, the enzyme remains mostly in the low-activity, low-affinity T state. PALA binding, on the other hand, is able to maintain the enzyme in the high-activity, high-affinity R state because its structure mirrors the transition state structure of the process.
The concerted shift to the R state frees up the majority of active sites, allowing them to react with substrates and produce products, while a minority of active sites bound with PALA are inactive yet keep the enzyme in the R state.
As a result, activity rises at low PALA concentrations; but, as PALA concentration increases, more and more of the active sites are replaced by the non-hydrolyzable bisubstrate analog, and activity decreases. PALA activation is not detected at high Asp concentrations and a saturating concentration of CP.
Because the enzyme population is already in the R state under these conditions, PALA binding merely blocks the active site to which it binds and decreases activity.
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The use of air pressure in the ear canal to test for disorders of the middle ear is known as ____________________. This procedure is used to detect fluid buildup in the middle ear.
The use of air pressure in the ear canal to test for disorders of the middle ear is known as tympanometry This procedure is used to detect fluid buildup in the middle ear.
What about ear surgery?Ossiculoplasty. If your middle ear's three tiny ossicles have been harmed by ear infections or other trauma, you may need to have an ossiculoplasty. General anesthesia is also used for this surgery. Bones from a donor can be used to replace missing ones, or prosthetics can be used.The softest, or least audible, sound that a person can hear is measured during a pure tone audiometry exam. Wearing earbuds allows you to hear a variety of sounds in one ear at a time while taking the test.A disorder known as otosclerosis causes abnormal bone development inside the ear. It's a rather typical reason why young individuals lose their hearing.Learn more about air pressure here:
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______ results in genetically identical daughter cells, whereas ______ results in genetically different daughter cells.
Identical daughter cells are produced as a result of mitosis whereas meiosis results in the formation of the daughter cells which are different genetically.
Mitosis and Meiosis are the stages of the cell cycle which can be further divided into stages called prophase, metaphase, anaphase and telophase. Mitosis results in the formation of two diploid daughter cells which genetically identical to the initial parent cell.
In the process of meiosis, the DNA gets exchanged between the chromosomes that are paired. This shuffling of DNA results in the formation of daughter cells after cell division which are genetically dissimilar.
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What is the combination of an electrical gradient and a concentration gradient called?
The combination of an electrical gradient and a concentration gradient called electrochemical gradient. It is a gradient of electrochemical potential for an ion that move across a membrane.
The gradient has two parts -chemical gradient and electrical gradient. When unequal concentration of an ion across a permeable membrane and the ions moves toward the membrane from the higher concentration to lower concentration through the process of simple diffusion.
If unequal distribution of charges towards the membrane then electric potential generates a force that drive ion diffusion until the equilibrium is attained and both sides are balanced. This electrochemical gradient is important to the operation of batteries and photosynthesis and cellular respiration or other biological processes.
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