determine the percentage composition by mass of each of the elements in the following compounds
a. calcium chloride, cacl2​

By the mean value theorem, the function y = sin x² on the interval [0, π/4] has this guaranteed number: x ≈ 0.460.

According to the mean value theorem, a function that is differentiable at an interval [a, b] has a number c within the interval such that:

f'(c) = [f(b) - f(a)]/(b - a)     (1)

The first derivative of the function is f'(x) = 2 · x · cos x² and by the mean value theorem we know that:

2 · c · cos c² = [sin (π/4)²- sin 0²]/(π/4 - 0)

2 · c · cos c² = [- √2 / 2]/(π /4)

2 · c · cos c² ≈ 0.900

This equation cannot be solved analytically. By the resource of a graphing tool we found the following solution within the interval: c ≈ 0.460.

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Elements cannot be broken down into simpler substances by any or series of chemical reactions.

A compound can be broken done by chemical reactions

An element can be defined as species of atoms having a certain number of protons in their nuclei and pure substance of that species.  

Elements cannot be broken down into simpler substances by any or series of chemical reactions.

A compound can be defined as a chemical substance  that is composed of numerous identical molecules containing atoms from more than one element and held together by chemical bonds.

A compound can be broken done by chemical reactions

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The amount of heat deposited on the skin is 2.26 kJ.

The amount of heat given off by steam is determined using the formula below:

Quantity of heat = mass * latent heat of vaporization.

Moles of steam = 1.0/18

Heat = 1.0/18 * 40.7

Heat deposited = 2.26 kJ

In conclusion, the quantity of heat is determined from the latent heat of vaporization and the moles of steam.

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Answer:

40 g

Explanation:b

This is an exercise in the general or combined gas law.

To start solving this exercise, we obtain the data:

We use the following formula:

Where

We clear the general formula for the final pressure.

[tex]\large\displaystyle\text{$\begin{gathered}\sf P_{2}=\frac{P_{1}V_{1}T_{2} }{V_{2}T_{1}} \ \to \ Clear \ formula \end{gathered}$}[/tex]

We substitute our data into the formula to solve:

[tex]\large\displaystyle\text{$\begin{gathered}\sf P_{2}=\frac{(1.3 \ atm)(13\not{l})(288\not{k} )}{(27 \not{l})(298 \not{K})} \end{gathered}$}[/tex]

[tex]\large\displaystyle\text{$\begin{gathered}\sf P_{2}=\frac{4867.2}{8046} \ atm \end{gathered}$}[/tex]

[tex]\boxed{\large\displaystyle\text{$\begin{gathered}\sf P_{2}=0.604 \ atm \end{gathered}$}}[/tex]

If I measure the pressure after the change by 1.3 atm, the original pressure of the gas will be 0.604 atm.

Phenolphthalein is pink in acid and colorles in base.

Substances called indicators are those whose solutions change colour as the pH changes. We refer to these as acid-base indicators. The conjugate base or acid versions of these typically weak acids or bases have various hues because of variations in their absorption spectra. When it comes into contact with an object that has a pH of 8.2, it turns pink. At a pH higher than that, it turns purple.

Additionally, ionisation, which modifies the charge and structure of the phenolphthalein molecule, is the cause of this shift in colour. If it comes into contact with an acid like vinegar or a neutral substance like water, it retains its colorlessness.

Therefore, Phenolphthalein is pink in acid and colorles in base.

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0.29 M ammonia + 0.38 M ammonium bromide and 0.22 M hypochlorous acid + 0.18 M hydroiodic acids of aqueous solutions are good buffer systems.

A solution that resists pH change when acids or bases are added to it is referred to as a buffer system. Either a weak acid and its salt, or a weak base and its salt, make up buffer systems. The ratio of HX/X- does not considerably alter when an acid or a base is introduced to a buffer.

Solutions known as buffers withstand pH changes when an acid or base is added. A weak base (A) and its conjugate weak acid (HA) are both present in buffers. When a reactive system is in equilibrium, adding a strong electrolyte with one common ion will cause the equilibrium to shift, lowering the concentration of the common ion. Buffers differ from one another in terms of pH range and buffer capacity.

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Respirator - It is chosen based on a chemical's IDLH value, ensuring protection against immediate life-threatening respiratory hazards.

Option (A) is correct.

The correct personal protective equipment (PPE) selected based on a chemical's IDLH (Immediately Dangerous to Life or Health) value is a respirator. IDLH value is a critical safety parameter that represents the maximum concentration of a chemical in the air above which an individual could suffer immediate or long-term health effects, such as life-threatening respiratory issues.

When a chemical's IDLH value is exceeded, it becomes essential to use appropriate respiratory protection. A respirator helps filter and remove harmful contaminants from the air, preventing inhalation and protecting the wearer's respiratory system.

Different types of respirators are available, ranging from simple dust masks to full-face air-purifying respirators or supplied-air respirators, based on the specific hazard and IDLH value of the chemical involved.

Eyewear, body suits, and gloves are essential PPE, but they are not specifically selected based on the chemical's IDLH value.

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This will give the value of 7.9311m2

( 5.57m / 0.63m ) - ( 1.11m * 0.82m )

=  8.8413 - ( 1.11m * 0.82m )

= 8.8413 - 0.9102m2

= 7.9311m2

Dividing a value in meter by another value in meter results in the cancellation of both the units and the resulting answer will have no unit.

Multiplying a value in meter by another value in meter it will result in the square meters. It can be written as m2 and can be read a meter square.

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700 L of water was produced if 350.0 L of carbon dioxide were made at STP.

The quantitative relationship (ratio) between reactants and products in a chemical reaction that produces gases is known as gas stoichiometry. When the created gases are presumed to be ideal and their temperature, pressure, and volume are all known, gas stoichiometry is applicable.

The ideal gas equation is PV=nRT, where n is the number of moles and R is the gas constant, P is the pressure measured in atmospheres (atm), V is the volume measured in liters (L), and

Calculations based on stoichiometry assist scientists and engineers who work in the business world in estimating the number of items they will make using a particular process. They can also assist in determining if a product will be economical to produce.

Reduced growth, reproduction, and survivability for the consumer are typically the results of a significant stoichiometric imbalance between the primary producer and consumer.

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Answer:

B.) The molecule is a branched hydrocarbon.

Explanation:

A hydrocarbon is any molecule made up of carbon and hydrogen exclusively. A methyl- prefix denotes the presence of a methyl group (CH₃), which is situated as a branch off of a hydrocarbon carbon.

Boyle's law is a model used in chemistry and physics to estimate the pressure behavior of gases in a closed system.

Boyle's law is a model used to calculate pressure and volume relationships among gases in a thermodynamically closed system.

This law states that the pressure of a given gas represents an inversely proportional measurement of its volume in steady conditions.

In conclusion, Boyle's law is a model used in chemistry and physics to estimate the pressure behavior of gases in a closed system.

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The difference between an element and a compound is that an element is a substance made of same type of atoms, whereas a compound is made of different elements in definite proportions.Examples of elements include iron, copper, hydrogen and oxygen. Examples of compounds include water (H2O) and salt (Sodium Chloride - NaCl).

Answer:

A

Explanation:

Beacuse the hydrogen is best

The best conductor of electricity here is calcium chloride because, metals are good conductors by the presence of free electrons. The CaCl₂ solution ionizes to Ca²⁺ ions and Cl- ions make it a good electrolyte.

Conductivity is a physical property which describes the ability of a substance to pass electricity through it. The substance which shows good conductivity at normal temperatures are called conductors and those only conducts at higher temperatures are semiconductors.

Substance which does not conduct in any condition are called insulators. Metals are electron rich and the metal crystal lattice is composed of a sea of mobile electrons and a pool of positive ions. The delocalization of electrons make it easy to pass current through it.

When a metallic solution is ionized, it gives free ions and electrons and make the solution conducting. CaCl₂ is a good conductor since it contains the metal ions Ca²⁺ . Hence, option c is correct.

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Answer:

1.44 g

Explanation:

1. get number of nitrogen atoms in 9.79 grams of nitrogen

1 mole of Nitrogen is 6.022 x 10^23 atoms N which is = 14.01g N

2.

if 6.022 x 10^23 atoms of Nitrogen is 14

then x atoms  of Nitrogen is 9.79

3.

6.022 x 10^23/ x = 14/9.79 ->

x = 8.431 x 10^24 / 9.79 =

8.61799714478 x 10^23

4.

8.61799714478 x 10^23 atoms of N

6.022 x 1023 atoms of H have a mass of 1.008g, so

8.61799714478 x 10^23 atoms of H have a mass of (1.008/6.022 x 1023) x 8.61799714478 x 10^23) = 1.44250051072175g

1.44 g

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The oxidation number of Mn is 0. Details about oxidation number can be found below.

Oxidation number is the hypothetical charge of an atom within a molecule.

However, when an atom exists independently as an element, the oxidation number of such element is 0.

The oxidation number is assigned to an atom in a element/compound. It can either be +, -, or 0 and it tells us if electrons are lost or gained.

Therefore, according to this question, the oxidation number of Mn is 0.

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Carbon monoxide and chlorine gas react to form phosgene. If a reaction mixture initially contains 215 torr of CO and 245 torr of Cl₂. 0.76 is the mole fraction of COCl₂ when equilibrium is reached.

CO(g) + Cl₂ (g) → COCl₂ (g)           Kp = 310

With this reaction we can write the Kp expression

[tex]K_{p} = \frac{p_{COCl_2}}{p_{CO} \times p_{Cl_2}}[/tex]

We know that 1 atm = 760 torr

Now

[tex]p_{CO} = \frac{215 \times 1}{760}[/tex]

       = 0.28 atm

[tex]p_{Cl_2} = \frac{245 \times 1}{760}[/tex]

        = 0.32 atm

Now, we can write an ICE chart with pressures, so we can know the pressure of COCl₂.

        CO(g) + Cl₂ (g) → COCl₂ (g)           Kp = 310

I:        0.28     0.32          0

C:         -x         -x             +x
E:    0.28 - x  0.32 - x       x

Now put the value in Kp expression

[tex]K_{p} = \frac{p_{COCl_2}}{p_{CO} \times p_{Cl_2}}[/tex]

[tex]310 = \frac{x}{(0.28 - x) (0.32 - x)}[/tex]

[tex]310 = \frac{x}{0.0896 - 0.28x - 0.32x + x^2}[/tex]

310 (0.0896 - 0.28x - 0.32x + x²) = x

310 (0.0896 - 0.6 x + x²)  = x

27.776 - 186 x + 310 x² = x

310 x² -187 x + 27.776 = 0

By using the quadratic equation find the value of x:

[tex]x = \frac{b \pm \sqrt{b^2 - 4ac}}{2a}[/tex]

  [tex]= \frac{187 \pm \sqrt{(187)^2 - 4 \times 310 \times 27.776}}{2 \times 310}[/tex]

  [tex]= \frac{187 \pm \sqrt{34969 - 34,442.24}}{620}[/tex]

  [tex]= \frac{187 \pm \sqrt{526.76}}{620}[/tex]

  [tex]= \frac{187 \pm 22.95}{620}[/tex]

  [tex]= \frac{187 + 22.95}{620}\ \text{or}\ \frac{187 - 22.95}{620}[/tex]

  [tex]= \frac{209.95}{620}\ \text{or}\ \frac{164.05}{620}[/tex]

  [tex]= 0.33\ \text{or}\ 0.26[/tex]

Using the lowest value of x, we have that the partial pressure of COCl₂ would be 0.26 atm.

PpCO = 0.28 - x = 0.28 - 0.26 = 0.02

PpCl₂ = 0.32 - x = 0.32 - 0.26 = 0.06

[tex]X_{COCl_2} = \frac{P_{COCl_2}}{Pt}[/tex]

And Pt is the total pressure of all species in reaction so:

Pt = 0.02 + 0.06 + 0.26 =

    = 0.34 atm

The mole fraction:

[tex]X_{COCl_2} = \frac{0.26}{0.34}[/tex]

             = 0.76

Thus from the above conclusion we can say that Carbon monoxide and chlorine gas react to form phosgene. If a reaction mixture initially contains 215 torr of CO and 245 torr of Cl₂. 0.76 is the mole fraction of COCl₂ when equilibrium is reached.

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The molecular polarity of the sun is the dipoole separation of electric charge leading to a molecule in the sun.

Molecular polarity simply refers to those regions of molecules containing or possessing positive and negative charge

So therefore, the molecular polarity of the sun is the separation of electric charge leading to a molecule in the sun.

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From the calculation, the compound is MgSO4.2H2O.

A hydrated salt is a salt that contains molecules of the water of crystallization.

a) Percentage of the water of crystallization =  3.211 g  - 2.539g/ 3.211 g * 100/1 = 21%

b) Number of moles of water of crystallization = 3.211 g  - 2.539g/ 18 g/mol =

0.037 moles

c) Number of moles of anhydrous salt =  2.539g/120 g/mol = 0.021 moles

Number of moles of hydrated salt = 3.211 g/120 + 18x

Hence;

0.021 = 3.211 /120 + 18x

0.021(120 + 18x) =  3.211

2.52 +  0.378x = 3.211

0.378x  = 3.211  - 2.52

x = 3.211  - 2.52/ 0.378

x = 2

Hence the compound is MgSO4.2H2O

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The rate of percolation of water into the soil will be 0.125 mL per second

The rate of percolation of water into the soil is determined by the volume of water that enters the soil per unit of time under specific conditions.

In this case, 750 mL of water percolated in 100 minutes.

100 minutes = 100 x 60 = 6,000 seconds

Percolation rate = 750/6000 = 0.125 mL per second

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Answer:

Al has a 3+ charge, and SO4 has a 2- charge. So, it takes 3 of the SO4 anions to balance 2 of the Al cations. So, you get Al2(SO4)3

The mass of melted gold to release the energy would be  3, 688. 8 Kg

We have quantity of energy is;

Q = n × HF

n = number of moles

HF = heat of fusion

Let's find number of moles

235.0 = n × 12.550

number of moles = [tex]\frac{235}{12. 550}[/tex] = 18. 725 moles

Note that molar mass of Gold is 197g/ mol

Number of moles = mass/ molar mass

Mass = number of moles × molar mass

Mass = 18. 725 × 197

Mass = 3, 688. 8 Kg

Thus, the mass of melted gold to release the energy would be  3, 688. 8 Kg

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Answer:

Personal Protective Equipment

Explanation:

Some examples of PPE are safety glasses, lab coats, steel-toed shoes, etc.

The purpose of PPE is to keep the user from getting injured when using dangerous equipment or chemicals.

Molecular mass of  9.3 x 10^ 24 molecules of glucose  = 1675.6 x 10^ 24

It is given that the mass of glucose is 180.18 g/mol
so if we have to calculate the mass of 9.3x 10^ 24 molecules of glucose
we will apply a simple unitary method i.e,

9.3 x 10^ 24 *  180.18 g/mol = 1675.67 x 10^ 24
To calculate the molecular mass of a molecule, multiply the subscript (number of atoms) by the atomic mass of each element in the molecule and add those masses together.
Remember that - To determine the compound's molecular mass in grams per mole, use the molecular formula.
Divide the supplied mass by the molar mass of the chemical to convert it to moles.
By dividing the number of moles by Avogadro's number, you may convert from moles to molecules.

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Evolution can not be tested by experiment given that it depends largely on observations that fit into a wider scope and point to a common conclusion.

Science is know to be empirical, In science, the evidence that backs up a claim is what establishes it as true or false. Thus all theories must be tested by experiment.

However, the theory of evolution can not be tested by experiment given that it depends largely on observations that fit into a wider scope and point to a common conclusion. In other words, evolution lies “outside of empirical science”.

The fact that it can not be directly proven empirically does not necessarily make it out to be false. That was the conclusion of Paul Ehrlich in his 1967 article.

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Answer:

0.875 moles solute

Explanation:

You can find the moles of the solute using the molality ratio:

Molality = moles solute / mass (kg) solution

After converting the mass to kilograms, you can plug the values into the ratio and simplify to find the moles.

1,000 g = 1 kg

  350 g              1 kg
--------------  x  ---------------  =  0.35 kg solution
                        1,000 g

Molality = moles solute / mass solution

2.5 m = moles solute / 0.35 kg

0.875 = moles solute

Answer:

17.3 L

Explanation:

With all other variables held constant, you can find the missing volume using the Charles' Law equation:

V₁ / T₁ = V₂ / T₂

In this equation, "V₁" and "T₁" represent the initial volume and temperature. "V₂" and "T₂" represent the final volume and temperature. Before we can solve, we need to convert Celsius to Kelvin (because we don't want negative numbers or temp. of 0).

V₁ = 20.0 L                                            V₂ = ? L

T₁ = 0.00 °C + 273.15 = 273.15 K         T₂ = -36.2 °C + 273.15 = 236.95 K

V₁ / T₁ = V₂ / T₂                                             <----- Charles' Law equation

20.0 L / 273.15 K = V₂ / 236.95 K               <----- Insert values

0.0732 = V₂ / 236.95 K                               <----- Simplify left side

17.3 L = V₂                                                   <----- Multiply both sides by 236.95

The final temperature in Celsius of the metal block is 49°C.

Moles water = [tex]\frac{\text{Given mass}}{\text{Molar Mass}}[/tex]

                     = [tex]\frac{0.48\ g}{18\ \text{g/mol}}[/tex]

                     = 0.0266 moles  

Heat lost by water = 0.0266 mol x 44.0 kJ/mol

                                = 1.17 kJ

                                = 1170 J           [1 kJ = 1000 J]

Heat lost = Heat gained

Heat gained by aluminum = 1170 J  

1170 = 55 x 0.903 (T - 25) = 49.7 T - 1242  

1170 + 1242 = 49.7 T  

T = 48.5°C (49°C at two significant figures)

Thus from the above conclusion we can say that The final temperature in Celsius of the metal block is 49°C.

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