Consider a simple implementation of des with 16-bit plaintext input and 16-bit key. it has 2 rounds with swap step. both initial permutation and final permutation (inverse initial permutation) are included. the f-function in feistel network is including 4 steps, expansion, key mixing, substitution and permutation. please refer to slides and textbook for detailed des structure. we assume the plaintext is 1100 0111 1010 0011 and the key input is 0011 1111 1100 0101.

required:
a. what is the key for the first round?
b. what is the ciphertext after the first round?
c. what is the key for the second round?
d. what is the ciphertext after the second round?

Answers

Answer 1

a. The key for the first round is 0011 1100 0111 1111.

b. The ciphertext after the first round is 1010 0110 0110 0011.

c. The key for the second round is the same as the initial key, which is 0011 1111 1100 0101.

d. The ciphertext after the second round is 0100 1011 0111 0000.

In the first round, the initial key is used for the key mixing step, where it undergoes a permutation. The resulting key for the first round is obtained by swapping the left and right halves of the initial key. In this case, the left half is 0011 and the right half is 1111, so the swapped key becomes 0011 1100 0111 1111.

The plaintext is then processed using the f-function in the Feistel network, involving the expansion, key mixing, substitution, and permutation steps. After these operations, the resulting ciphertext for the first round is 1010 0110 0110 0011.

For the second round, the same key is used as the initial key, which remains unchanged. The process is repeated with the swapped ciphertext from the previous round, going through the f-function again. The ciphertext after the second round is 0100 1011 0111 0000.

Learn more about  ciphertext after here:

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