Physics College

Before the development of quantum theory, Ernest Rutherford's experiments with gold atoms led him to propose the so-called Rutherford Model of atomic structure. The basic idea is that the nucleus of the atom is a very dense concentration of positive charge, and that negatively charged electrons orbit the nucleus in much the same manner as planets orbit a star. His experiments appeared to show that the average radius of an electron orbit around the gold nucleus must be about 10−1010−10 m. Stable gold has 79 protons and 118 neutrons in its nucleus.
What is the strength of the nucleus' electric field at the orbital radius of the electrons?
What is the kinetic energy of an electron in a circular orbit around the gold nucleus?

Answers

Answer 1

Answer:

1. [tex] E = 1.14 \cdot 10^{13} N/C [/tex]

2. [tex]E_{k} = 9.1 \cdot 10^{-17} J[/tex]      

Explanation:

1. The strength of the nucleus' electric field (E):

[tex]E = \frac{kq}{r^{2}}[/tex]

Where:

k: is the Coulomb constant = 9x10⁹ Nm²/C²

q: is the proton charge = 1.6x10⁻¹⁹ C

r: is the radius = 10⁻¹⁰ m

[tex]E = \frac{kq}{r^{2}} = \frac{9\cdot 10^{9} Nm^{2}/C^{2}*79*1.6 \cdot 10^{-19} C}{(10^{-10} m)^{2}} = 1.14 \cdot 10^{13} N/C[/tex]

2. The kinetic energy (Ek) of an electron is the following:

[tex] E_{k} = \frac{1}{2}mv^{2} [/tex]    

Where:

m is the electron's mass = 9.1x10⁻³¹ kg

v: is the speed of the electron

We can find the speed of the electron by equaling the centripetal force (Fc) and the electrostatic force (Fe):

[tex] F_{c} = F_{e} [/tex]  

[tex] \frac{mv^{2}}{r} = \frac{kq^{2}}{r^{2}} = qE [/tex]

[tex] v^{2} = \frac{qEr}{m} = \frac{1.6 \cdot 10^{-19} C*1.14 \cdot 10^{13} N/C*10^{-10} m}{9.1 \cdot 10^{-31} kg} = 2.00 \cdot 10^{14} m^{2}/s^{2} [/tex]                  

Now, we can find the kinetic energy:

[tex] E_{k} = \frac{1}{2}mv^{2} = \frac{1}{2}9.1 \cdot 10^{-31} kg*2.00 \cdot 10^{14} m^{2}/s^{2} = 9.1 \cdot 10^{-17} J [/tex]    

I hope it helps you!

Related Questions

What function do you think a flower that can stay warm at night might have for a plant?

Answers

Answer:

it keeps it growing because if it stays warm and yuh put it by a plant that needs sun yk

Explanation:

A flower of a plant that can stay warm at night as it keeps it growing.

What are the function of different parts of plant ?

The roots are the underground part of the plant which plays a major role in pulling the water and minerals,  expands within the ground  for better water absorption, anchors which helps in creating better stability.

A stem present above the ground bears leaves, fruits plus flowers.  as it distributes the nutrients and minerals to the leaves, shields the plant and assists in asexual dissemination.

leaf is one of the most major parts of a plant as it contain chlorophyll pigment which assists the plants in preparation for food, the veins allow the flowing of nutrients plus water, it has the parts like petiole, leaf base and lamina help in photosynthesis.

Flower is the most bright and beautiful part of the plant show an important role in making food, used in fertilization process , the basic parts are petals, sepals, stamens, and pistil.

For more details  plant,  visit

https://brainly.com/question/1283049

#SPJ2

If 0.5 kg of this material is used in a transformer core, how long would it have to operate at a frequency of 60 cps to heat up 1

Answers

Answer:

Hello your question is incomplete attached below is the complete question

answer : 49 seconds

Explanation:

considering only Hysteresis loss

we have to calculate the Area affected/under the  Hysteresis loss

= volume * area

= 4 * ( 1.5 * 20 ) =  120 tesla. A/m

next we calculate the volume of the material

= mass of material / density

= 500 grams / 7.9 g/cm^3  = 6.33 * 10^-5 m^3

next we calculate the heat lost per cycle

= 6.33 * 10^-5 m^3 * 120 = 0.007596 joules

The total heat required to raise  temperature by 1°c

= Cp * ΔT * n

= 3R * n * ΔT  = 3(8.314) * 8.95 * 1  = 223.23 Joules

where n = number of moles = 500grams / 55.85 = 8.95moles

ΔT = 1

Therefore the time required to have to operate at a frequency of 60 cps

= Total heat required  / heat lost per cycle

=( 223.23 / 0.007596 ) 60 cps

= 489.796 seconds ≈  49 seconds

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