An ideal gas is contained in a piston-cylinder device undergoes a power cycle as follows:
1-2 isentropic compression from initial temp of 20 degrees Celsius with a compression ratio of r = 5
2-3 constant pressure heat addition
3-1 constant volume heat rejection
The gas has constant specific heats with Cv=0.7kJ/kg-K and R=0.3kJ/kg-K
a) Determine the heat and work interactions for each process in kJ/kg.
b) Determine the cycle thermal efficiency.
c) Obtain the expression for the cycle thermal efficiency as a function of the compression ratio r and ratio of specific heats k.
Thermal Efficiency:

Answer: 2.5 moles of Argon, Ar contains 15.055 x 10^23 particles. ✅

Explanation:

To find the number of particles in 2.5 moles of Argon, we can use the Avogadro's number. Avogadro's number is the number of atoms, ions or molecules in one mole of a substance. It is defined as 6.022 x 10^23 particles per mole.

To convert moles to particles, we can multiply the number of moles by Avogadro's number.

2.5 moles x 6.022 x 10^23 particles/mole = 15.055 x 10^23 particles

So, 2.5 moles of Argon, Ar contains 15.055 x 10^23 particles.

Photosynthesis is essential among most life on the planet. Plants, algae, as well as some kinds of bacteria carry out the process by capturing solar energy to create oxygen (O2) as well as chemical energy stored within glucose (a sugar).

Adenosine triphosphate (ATP), the primary energy-storing molecule within living things, transforms solar energy into chemical energy. The chemical energy required to drive further metabolic reactions would then be provided by ATP, which has been carried throughout the chloroplast.

The thylakoid membrane is the site of light-dependent processes. They need light to function, and their overall conversion of water molecules towards oxygen produces ATP molecules through ADP and Pi as well as NADPH molecules out from reduction of NADP+.

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Considering the definition of percent yield, the percent yield for the reaction is 91.84%.

The percent yield is the ratio between the actual yield and the theoretical yield expressed as a percentage.

The percent yield is calculated as:

percent yield= (actual yield÷ percent yield)×100%

where:

In this case, you know:

Replacing in the definition of percent yield:

percent yield= (25.9 g÷ 28.2 g)×100%

Solving:

percent yield= 91.84%

Finally, the percent yield is 91.84%.

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SF holds ten elections in the central Splunk atam In a tigenal two - tier structure structure, this indicates there are 5 electron pairs annanged. Two are exidl and three of a Fluonne are equatonal.

Each atom in a bond between two atoms will share 1 electron. The electrons taking part in this connection are referred to as the electron bond pairs. Example: All four hydrogen atoms in the methane molecule form a bond link with the central carbon atom.

Bond pairs refer to the shared electron pairs that exist between the bound atoms. Bonding may not involve all of the valence electrons. Lone pair of electrons are defined as electron pairs without a partner in a bond. For instance, there really are seven bond pairings but no lone pair in C2H6 (ethane).

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Specific heat capacity of a substance is the amount of heat required to raise the temperature by one degree Celsius of one gram of a substance. Therefore, 485.9 kJ is the overall enthalpy of the reaction.

Enthalpy term is basically used in thermodynamics to show the overall energy that a matter have. Mathematically, Enthalpy is directly proportional to specific heat capacity of a substances.

Reverse the first equation: upper C solid plus upper o subscript 2 gas right arrow upper C upper O subscript 2 gas        ΔH1=-393.5 kJ

Reverse the second equation:2 upper C upper O gas plus upper O subscript 2 gas right arrow 2 upper C upper O subscript 2 gas ΔH2=-566.0KJ

Reverse the third equation: 2 upper H subscript 2 upper o gas right arrow 2 upper H subscript 2 gas plus upper O subscript 2 gas ΔH2=-483.6 kJ

ΔHrxn = 393.5 kJ + 566.0 kJ + (-483.6 kJ)

           = 485.9 kJ

Therefore, 485.9 kJ is the overall enthalpy of the reaction.

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Answer:

Ainsi pour transformer, sous la pression atmosphérique, une masse de 1 kg d'eau pris à 20 °C en vapeur, l'énergie à fournir est égale à l'énergie fournie pour passer de 20 °C à 100 °C à l'état liquide soit 334 kJ puis à celle requise lors de la vaporisation à 100 °C soit 2256 kJ donc au total 2590 kJ.

Explanation:

The triiodide ion, with its I3- Lewis structure, is a linear anion ion with sp3d hybridization, trigonal bipyramidal geometry, and the acquisition of a linear form.

An ion is an atom or group of atoms with just an electric charge. The word for positive-charged ions is cations. Ions which have a negative surface charge are referred to as anion. The body includes ions of several common substances.

A charged molecule or atom is known as an ion. Because there are more electrons than protons in an atom or molecule, it is charged. Depending upon whether the amount of an atom's electrons is more or less than the number or protons in the atom, an atom can develop a positive charged or a negative charge.

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Answer:

Percentage Composition from Formulas. A more complex example is sucrose (table sugar), which is 42.11% carbon, 6.48% hydrogen, and 51.41% oxygen by mass.

Explanation:

Nitrogen (N2) is a molecule that has 14 protons.

Nitrogen is a colorless, odorless, and tasteless gas that makes up about 78% of the Earth's atmosphere. Nitrogen is an important component of many compounds, including proteins, DNA, and RNA, and is essential for life on Earth.

Nitrogen gas is also used in a variety of industrial applications, including the production of fertilizers, explosives, and the preservation of food. Nitrogen is a non-metallic, diatomic gas that exists in two stable isotopes, 14N and 15N.

Nitrogen gas is relatively unreactive, due to the strong triple bond between the two nitrogen atoms in a nitrogen molecule (N2). However, under certain conditions, such as high temperatures or the presence of catalysts, nitrogen can react with other elements to form compounds such as ammonia (NH3), nitric oxide (NO), and nitrous oxide (N2O).

In the Earth's atmosphere, nitrogen plays a key role in the nitrogen cycle, a process by which nitrogen is converted between different chemical forms. Nitrogen gas is converted to ammonia by nitrogen-fixing bacteria, and then to nitrite and nitrate by microorganisms in the soil.

Overall, Nitrogen is a very important element in our planet and many industrial processes.

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It is a useful ability to be able to rapidly assess whether the atom is the hybridization again for O in OF 2, as the hybridization hypothesis is sometimes perceived as a convoluted and lengthy notion. sp^2

The process chemical hybridization known as sp3 hybridization involves the mixing and recasting of the 1s and 3p electron shells of the same element to create new hybrid orbitals with the same energy, symmetric, and fixed orientation in space. The molecule of methane is one example.

Atomic orbitals are thought to combine to generate freshly hybridized orbitals through the process of hybridization, which then affects the geometry of molecules and their bonding characteristics. Additionally, hybridization expands the valence

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The acid - base properties of the salt :'

1) Strong acids and strong base

2) Strong acid , weak base, acid and weak acid

3) Weak acid, strong base , base and the weak acid

4) Weak acid and the weak base

1) A salt consisting of the conjugate base of a strong acid and conjugate acid of a strong base will be neutral since neither will react with water.

2) The salt consisting of the conjugate base of a strong acid and the conjugate acid of a weak base will be acidic since the conjugate acid of a weak acid is acidic.

3) A salt consisting of the conjugate base of a weak acid and the conjugate acid of a strong base will be basic since the conjugate base of a weak acid is basic.

4) A salt consisting of the conjugate base of a weak acid and conjugate acid of a weak base can be either acidic or basic depending on the relative Ka and Kb of the respective ions.

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Lithium is an alkali metal with the atomic number = 3 and an atomic mass of 6.941 g/mol. All ions of lithium contain three electrons.  

Lithium is a type of medicine known as a mood stabiliser. It's used to treat mood disorders such as: mania (feeling highly excited, overactive or distracted) hypo-mania (similar to mania, but less severe)

At a neuronal level, lithium reduces excitatory (dopamine and glutamate) but increases inhibitory (GABA) neurotransmission; however, these broad effects are underpinned by complex neurotransmitter systems that strive to achieve homeostasis by way of compensatory changes.

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Answer: c (specific heat capacity) = 0.4369243949 J/g *C

Or with Significant digits: 0.44 ( 2 sig digs because of temperature)

Explanation: So this is a simple calorimetry question, so you have to consider this formula, ΔH = -Q  and since Q = mcΔt || Therefore you get this equation ΔH = - (mcΔt). So you want to solve for c, now rearrange. Once you do that, you will end up with c = - (ΔH/ -m · -Δt)

Now Plug in the numbers

Then you will get 0.44!

Hope that helped and remember significant digits! Good luck!

Pre-industrial villages were more likely to be found close to surface water sources than industrial ones were. is Valid

The growing population is the main cause of the growth in groundwater use. The increased usage of groundwater is a result of both urbanization and pollution. Groundwater cannot be successfully sourced from contaminated rivers, lakes, or springs. Between pre- and post-industrial eras, groundwater use reduced.

Similar issues arise when water is extracted from the ground quicker than it can be replaced. As a result of pumping, groundwater storage volume is falling in several parts of the United States. The main cause of ongoing groundwater pumping is groundwater depletion. The Ogallala Aquifer is the country's biggest aquifer. The High Plains aquifer system, which extends from Texas to South Dakota, supports a portion of eight different states.

Therefore the correct answer is option b ) true .

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Scientific law is a brief assertion that condenses the findings of several observations and experiments.

Give a general overview of the subject at hand, referencing any pertinent research. Give an explanation of how your experiment might add to earlier discoveries. Shorten the introduction. Try to keep your experiment's specific methodology and data a secret.

Along with tabulating the data and diagramming the process, it also describes how it was done. A science project should demonstrate whether the experiment was effective or not and make suggestions for additional research. A science project summary should make the project easier to understand for others.

The goal of summarization is to condense a large body of text. Either unnecessary or extraneous content has to be removed, or the most important portion of a lengthy paper is to be made immediately obvious.

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Since 342 kJ of energy are evolved for each mole of NH₃(g), and there are 2 moles of NH₃(g) in the balanced equation, the heat evolved will be2 × 342 kJ = 684 kJ. By convention, when heat is evolved, it takes a negative sign. The balanced thermochemical equation is:

2 NH₃(g) + 2 O₂(g) ⇒ N₂O(g) + 3 H₂O(l)   ΔH° = -684 kJ

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The proportion of exams scores between 68 and 73 points is 38.09%.

First, we need to calculate the z-score of both points.

Formula for z-score is:

z-score = (x – mean) / SD

In this case, given that:

Mean = 70

SD = 5

So, for exam score 68 points:

z-score = (68 – 70) / 5

= –2 / 5

= –0.4

And, for exam score 73 points:

z-score = (73 – 70) / 5

= 3 / 5

= 0.6

Thus, the probability:

P (68 < x < 73) = P (–0.4 < z < 0.6)

By using the z-table:

P (–0.4 < z < 0.6)

= (0.5 – 0.3446) + (0.7258 – 0.5)

= 0.3809

= 38.09%

Hence, the proportion of exams scores between 68 and 73 points is 38.09%.

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There is only a single carbon atom and four hydrogen atoms in the model.

In science, when we talk about a model, we know that what we mean is a representation. It is actually something that stands in for another. We can be able to use a model as a guide that enables us to be able to visualize what the actual molecule would look like.

We can see that in the compound that has been laid out here, we would have about four atoms that are from hydrogen while we would only have one atom from carbon in the compound.

Thus, the blue ball stands for carbon while each of the red balls stand for hydrogen atoms in the model shown.

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Yes it is True.

Because Zinc(Zn) is Highly reactive than Hydrogen(H) that is why Zn can easily replace Hydrogen in HCl and form ZnCl2.

1020 X is the least reactive element. The least reactive elements are the inert gases. Inert gases have an atomic number of 2, 10, 18, 36, 54, and 86.

The quantity of protons in an atom's nucleus is known as the atomic number. The amount of protons determines an element's identity. 

The number of protons in an atom's nucleus, that is also equivalent to the amount of electron inside an uncharged atom, is indicated by the word "atomic number," which is typically represented by the letter Z. The neutron number is a representation of the amount of neutrons (N).

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The correct question is

Identify the least reactive element of the following?

A) 168X

B) 2010X

C) 2311X

D) 199X

The carbon engineering technologies forward the carbon dioxide capturing methods. The first step involved in the air contactor is given below:

[tex]\rm CO_{2} + 2 KOH \rightarrow H_{2}O + K_{2}CO_{3}[/tex]

Nowadays evolution of greenhouse gases such as carbon dioxide is causing serious issues such as global warming. Industries and factories are uncontrollably release these gases to the atmosphere.

Carbon engineering designs the techniques for direct capture of carbon dioxide. The methods include an air contactor with the reaction given above and a pelletizer where, the KOH and calcium carbonate produces calcium hydroxide.

A calcinator decomposes the calcium carbonate forming the carbon dioxide  which is  captures.

[tex]\rm CaCO_{3} \rightarrow CO_{2} + CaO[/tex]

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In most cases, acidic byproducts of bacterial fermentation of carbohydrates are produced. while proteins & amino acids break down, alkaline is produced as an end result.

SCFAs and fuel dioxide, methane, and hydrogen—are the byproducts of fermentation. Colonic bacteria also digest proteins and poorly absorbed starches from the upper GI tract in additional to nonstarch polysaccharides.

All animals' gastrointestinal tracts undergo fermentation, although the degree of fermentation varies depending on the number of microbes present, which is typically highest inside the large bowel.

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Answer:

Explanation:
Mass=0.52kg
Gravitational constant g=9.8
Height h=3.4m
Potential Energy(PE)=h*mg
PE=3.4*0.52*9.81
PE=17.344j

Answer:

Covalent bonds are much more common in organic chemistry than ionic bonds. A covalent bond consists of the simultaneous attraction of two nuclei for one or more pairs of electrons. The electrons located between the two nuclei are bonding electrons.

Explanation:

Atom Valence

Oxygen 2

Sulfur 2

Nitrogen 3

Carbon 4

Ionic compound Cation Anion

NaCl Na^+ Cl^-

CrCl4 Cr^3+ Cl^-

NH4Br NH4^+ Br^-

Cu(OH)2 Cu^2+ OH^-

CoS Co^2+ S^2-

Please note that in CrCl4 the cation is Cr^3+ not Cr^4+

In the table above, the first compound is NaCl. The sodium cation has a positive charge of +1 and the chloride anion has a negative charge of -1, which gives the compound a neutral charge.

The second compound is CrCl4. The Chromium cation has a positive charge of +3 and the chloride anion has a negative charge of -1, which gives the compound a neutral charge as well.

The third compound is NH4Br. The ammonium cation has a positive charge of +1 and the bromide anion has a negative charge of -1, which gives the compound a neutral charge.

The fourth compound is Cu(OH)2. The Copper cation has a positive charge of +2 and the hydroxide anion has a negative charge of -1, which gives the compound a neutral charge.

Finally, the fifth compound is CoS. The Cobalt cation has a positive charge of +2 and the sulfide anion has a negative charge of -2, which gives the compound a neutral charge.

It's important to note that the charge of the cations and anions must match for the compound to be neutral, if not the compound will have a net charge.

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A chemical reaction has reached the equilibrium when b.  the rate of the forward reaction equals the rate of the reverse reaction.

The chemical reaction is said to be in the equilibrium when the rate of the forward reaction is equals to the rate of the backward reaction. . The equilibrium is the state of the balance. The chemical equilibrium is the state of the reaction when the the rates of the forward and the rates of the backward reaction s are equal.  

             forward

A   +   B      ⇄       C

             backward

The chemical equilibrium are of the two types :

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12 atoms of carbon is equal to 12 x 12.011 grams, or 144.132 grams.

The atomic mass of carbon is 12.011 g/mol, which means that one mole of carbon contains 12.011 grams. Therefore, to find the mass of 12 atoms of carbon, we need to multiply 12.011 by 12, which equals to 144.132 grams.

This is because 1 mole of any element is equal to 6.022 x 1023 atoms. To calculate the mass of 12 atoms, we need to divide 12 by 6.022 x 1023, which is equal to 1.99 x 10-23 moles.

Once we have this number, we can multiply it by 12.011 to get the mass of 12 atoms of carbon. This gives us the final answer of 144.132 grams for 12 atoms of carbon.

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The average atomic mass of neon is derived from the isotopic masses and percentage abundance. The average atomic mass of neon is 20.37 amu.

Isotopes are atoms of same element with different atomic mass numbers. Almost all elements have two or more isotopes but not all of them are stable in nature.

The average atomic mass can be calculated from the isotopic mass and and percentage abundance as follows:

atomic mass = ∑ (isotopic mass × %abundance /100 )

Apply the isotopic mass and abundance of all isotopes given as follows:

atomic mass of neon = (80.75/100 ×19.99 amu) +  (0.25/100 ×20.99 amu)  +  (19/100 × 21.99 amu) = 20.37 amu.

Therefore, the atomic mass of neon is 20.37 amu.

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1. 1st reaction:reactant, 2nd reaction:product.

2. 2 in cl2 means that chlorine is diatonic

3. 2 in front of NaBr shows that there are 2 moles of NaBr