an article headline claimed that drugs cause homelessness due to a positive relationship found between rates of homelessness and drug use. however, if unemployment rates were influencing both drug use and homelessness, is this an example?

Answers

Answer 1

Yes, this is an example of confounding variables. Confounding variables are variables that can affect the relationship between two variables like unemployment and create an apparent association that may not actually exist.

In this case, unemployment rates may be a confounding variable that is affecting both drug use and homelessness, making it difficult to determine the true relationship between drug use and homelessness.

The headline in the article claiming that drugs cause homelessness is oversimplifying the issue and failing to consider the potential influence of confounding variables such as unemployment rates. To accurately understand the relationship between drug use and homelessness, it is important to control for potential confounding variables and conduct more rigorous studies.

In conclusion, when interpreting the results of a study, it is important to consider all potentially confounding variables that may influence the relationship between the variables being studied. Simply relying on a headline or a single study may not provide a full and accurate understanding of the issue.

To learn more about unemployment, click here:

https://brainly.com/question/13781104?

#SPJ4


Related Questions

how long does breast milk last after being warmed up

Answers

Use warm or room-temperature breast milk within two hours of bringing it to either temperature.

How warm a room should be to be healthy?

Approximately 20°C, or 68 degrees F, is the typical average room temperature. Although this is a good target for the ambient temperature, it's crucial to keep in mind that distinct rooms will require different levels of heating.

The body is affected by room temperature.

The reason for this is because the body is a open system which is continually interacting with the outside world. The ambient temperature directly affects body temperature (also known as peripheral temperature) at the surface level.

To know more about room temperature visit :

https://brainly.com/question/13448819

#SPJ4

dangerous fungal illness rapidly spreading across country, doctors warn

Answers

The dangerous fungal illness rapidly spreading across the country is Candida auris. Doctors warn that it is a drug-resistant fungus that can cause severe infections and even death in some cases.

In recent years, the fatal fungal fungus Candida auris has spread around the world, with the United States being one of the nations it has most severely affected. It is a fungus that is often discovered in healthcare facilities like hospitals and nursing homes.

It is also drug-resistant. In individuals who are already debilitated by other conditions, it can induce serious, life-threatening infections.

Skin and nail infections, severe blood infections, and wound infections are all possible symptoms. Candida auris, in extreme circumstances, can result in death if left untreated.

Physicians caution that because Candida auris is resistant to many antifungal drugs, it is exceedingly challenging to diagnose and cure. As a result, it's critical to take precautions to lower the danger of infection.

Complete Question:

What is the dangerous fungal illness rapidly spreading across the country, and what do doctors warn about it?

To learn more about fungus visit:

https://brainly.com/question/10532500

#SPJ4

lactose intolerance, a common food intolerance, results from an inability to make this enzyme that is needed to breakdown the milk sugar, lactose.

Answers

Lactase. Lactose intolerance manifests itself as a lack of lactase, which is the enzyme needed to digest the sugar in dairy. That’s why lactose intolerance people have a difficult time digesting lactose.

What is rhino medical definition and meaning?

Answers

Runny nose is referred to as rhinorrhea in medicine. Rhoia, meaning "a flowing," and rhinos, meaning "of the nose," are both Greek terms.

How does rhino fit into ENT?

A doctor who specialises in the anatomy, physiology, and disorders of a nose or the paranasal sinuses is known as a rhinologist. ENT subspecialists known as rhinologists are experts in the surgical and medical management of problems of the nose and sinuses.

Why is the rhino so crucial?

why rhinos are important. Because they have existed for millions of years, rhinos have been an important part of their environment. They play a significant role in shaping the African landscape as they consume vast amounts of vegetation. This helps maintain a healthy balance in the ecosystem and benefits other creatures.

To know more about rhinorrhea visit:

https://brainly.com/question/14252221

#SPJ4

Which would be a normal hematocrit value for a healthy adult male?

Answers

41%-50%, jope this helps!

What is inflammation of the glomerulus that usually occurs after a streptococcal infection called?

Answers

Answer:

Post-streptococcal glomerulonephritis (gloe-mer-u-low-nuh-FRY-tis) — or PSGN — is a rare kidney disease that can develop after group A strep infections. The main way to prevent PSGN is to prevent group A strep infections.

Explanation:

what is pacs acronym medical

Answers

A picture storage and communication systems (PACS) can take the place of traditional radiological film through the use of computers.

What is PACS, and how is it used?

PACS (a picture-archiving and communication systems) is indeed a medical imaging technology that is largely utilised in healthcare organisations to safely store and digitally transfer electronic images and reports that are pertinent to clinical care.

How is PACS utilised in medical facilities?

A PACS, for picture archiving and messaging system, is essentially any medical imaging technique used to store, retrieve, present, and share images generated by medical gear, like x-ray machines. A PACS was used by radiology specialists for store all diagnostic files.

To know more about radiological visit:
https://brainly.com/question/28542683
#SPJ4

What is an example of Sclero in medical terms?

Answers

Scleroderma, a condition in which the body's connective tissue hardens and rigidifies, is an example of a term you may have come across that contains the prefix sclero-.

Which kind of illness is sclerosis?

When the immune system of the body targets its own tissues, an illness known as immune mediated is the result. The fatty material that covers and shields the nerve fibres in the spine and brain in MS is destroyed by this immune system error (myelin).

Does stress lead to sclerosis?

Research on whether stress causes MS has produced varying degrees of agreement. Despite the possibility that stress could induce MS, there is no solid evidence to support this. Yet, the individual with MS is aware form personal experience of the MS symptoms started following or at the same time as a stressful time.

To know more about tissue visit:

https://brainly.com/question/17664886

#SPJ4

Catullus dedicated some of his poems to a woman he called Lesbia, a nod to the influence of which poet on his work? A. Virgil B. Sappho C. Homer D. Horace.

Answers

Catullus dedicated some of his poems to a woman he called Lesbia, a nod to the influence of Sappho on his work.

Who was Sappho?

Born in the seventh century BC on the island of Lesbos, Sappho was an ancient Greek poet. She is renowned for writing lyric poems about love, passion, and the magnificence of nature and is regarded as one of the finest lyric poets of all time. In her day, her poetry was well-praised, and her influence is still felt now. Only a few of her poems have been completely preserved, and most of her writing has been lost to the passage of time. Despite this, Sappho continues to be an important figure in literary history and has served as an inspiration to innumerable poets and authors throughout the years.

To know more about Sappho, check out:

https://brainly.com/question/27887693

#SPJ1

What is the ICD-10 code for SBO?

Answers

K56. 69 for ICD-10 for According to the WHO, another intestine blockage falls within the category of digestive system diseases.

What SBO symptoms are typical?

Seldom are the typical signs and symptoms of SBO—nausea, vomiting, stomach pain, and constipation—present in every instance. SBO-related abdominal pain is frequently reported as crampy and sporadic. Bowel perforation or ischemia can cause the abdominal pain to worsen if left untreated.

How is a minor obstruction of the bowel managed?

During surgery, the obstruction and any damaged or dead intestinal tissue are frequently removed. Your doctor may suggest using an artificial metal stent as an option to unclog the obstruction.

To know more about intestine visit:

https://brainly.com/question/19247100

#SPJ4

How current legislation protects the rights of individuals? (in Health and Social Care)​

Answers

The current legislation protects the rights of individuals by increasing knowledge, understanding and improving experiences about various inequalities that occur in the field of health and social care.

What are Human Rights?

The inherent and unalienable rights of mankind, irrespective of their social, physical, or economic features, are referred to as human rights.

In order to assist the health and social care industry in complying with the Human Rights Act, the legislation provides improved awareness of, capacity to fulfil, and responsibility to respect, safeguard, and advance human rights, including through resolving disparities.

By incorporating a human rights-based approach into service delivery, patients, service users, their families, and carers can have better care experiences.

Learn more about human rights, here

https://brainly.com/question/12458571

#SPJ9

True/false?the epipen is a lifesaving device used by individuals with severe allergies. the u.s. manufacturer of the epipen raised its price by nearly 25% per year for nearly a decade.

Answers

People with severe allergies can utilise the EpiPen to save their lives. For nearly ten years, the EpiPen's US maker increased its price by about 25% annually. This assertion is accurate.

Do people with severe allergies use EpiPens as life-saving tools?

An auto-injectable device that dispenses the medication epinephrine is known by the brand name EpiPen. When someone is having a severe allergic reaction, often known as anaphylaxis, this medicine can save their life.

Who would require an EpiPen?

Adrenaline auto-injectors are frequently prescribed for those with potentially life-threatening allergies. They should be used either by the individual experiencing anaphylaxis or by someone assisting them as soon as a significant reaction is anticipated.

To learn more about EpiPen visit:

brainly.com/question/16905075

#SPJ1

True or False: The final step of the decision-making model is to make your decision and take action. True False

Answers

ANSWER: False
___________________________________

The first step in management's decision is to identify the problem and assign responsibility. The final step in management's decision-making process is to actually make the decision.

Which of these signs is often seen in patients suffering from hyperthyroid disease?
1. elevated heart rate
2. elevated body temperature
3. elevated oxygen utilization
4. Patients with hyperthyroidism often exhibit all of these signs.

Answers

Patients who are suffering form hyperthyroidism show elevated heart rate, body temperature as well as increased oxygen utilization.

The correct option is option 4.

Hyperthyroidism is basically happens when the thyroid gland present in our body makes too much of the thyroid hormone. This condition is also sometimes known as the overactive thyroid. Hyperthyroidism ends up speeding up the body's metabolism. It causes a lot of different symptoms, such as hand tremors, weight loss, rapid or irregular heartbeat, increased oxygen utilization as well as body temperature.

There are several treatments which are available for hyperthyroidism. Anti-thyroid medicines as well as radioactive iodine can be used in order to slow the amount of hormones which the thyroid gland makes.

To know more about hyperthyroidism here

https://brainly.com/question/28019719

#SPJ4

Which of these is not a physiological need?A)RestB)BeverageC)FoodD)Safety

Answers

According to maslow's hierarchy of requirements, friends are not a physiological need.

the base of maslow's needs hierarchy is physiological needs. they are the things people needs the most in order to survive. they comprise the need for food, clothing, warmth, sleep, and health. these include the need for closure, affiliation, power, achievement, autonomy, competence, and meaning. the six physiological requirements—oxygen, food, water, warmth, sleep, and homeostasis—are presumably quite evident (proper functioning of internal operation and regulatory systems). air, food, drink, shelter, warmth, sleep, and other physiological needs. protection, shelter, security, law and order, job, health, stability, etc. are all examples of security needs. social needs include a sense of community, love, adoration, intimacy, family, friends, and relationships.

Learn more about physiology

https://brainly.com/question/28499059

#SPJ4

What are the categories of supplements?

Answers

The main categories of supplements are:

VitaminsMinerals Botanicals or herbsBotanical compounds

Vitamins (such as multivitamins or specific vitamins like vitamin D and biotin) (like multivitamins or individual vitamins like vitamin D & biotin). Minerals (such as calcium, magnesium, & iron). Herbs and botanicals (such as echinacea & ginger). Botanical compounds (such as caffeine and curcumin) are supplement categories. Supplements, especially opposed to regular food, are intended to supplement or add to the diet.

A product is a medication in general if it is intended to treat, diagnose, treat, or prevent sickness, even if it is sold as a supplement. Supplements are consumed in a variety of forms such as tablets, capsules, soft gels, gel caps, powders, bars, gummies, or liquids. Supplements can assist you in improving or maintaining your general health, as well as satisfy your everyday needs for critical nutrients.

To know more about the Supplements, here

https://brainly.com/question/29471897

#SPJ4

Which of the following is NOT true about total parenteral nutrition (TPN)?
TPN is used when it is the sole nutrient source for a patient
TPN is highly concentrated, with over 10% carbohydrates
TPN can be administered through smaller, peripheral veins
TPN is considered safe for long-term use and treatment

Answers

The statement that is NOT true about total parenteral nutrition (TPN) is "TPN can be administered through smaller, peripheral veins."

TPN is highly concentrated and has a high osmolarity, which means it can cause irritation and damage to smaller peripheral veins. TPN is typically administered through a central venous catheter, such as a subclavian, jugular, or femoral vein, to ensure proper dilution and safe administration. The other statements are true; TPN is used when it is the sole nutrient source for a patient, TPN is highly concentrated with over 10% carbohydrates, and TPN can be considered safe for long-term use and treatment.

Learn more about Total Parental Nutrition here: brainly.com/question/14257529

#SPJ4

What is discourse and its examples?

Answers

Talk is spoken or composed parity between individuals, the particularly serious talk of a specific subject. ... a practice of political talk. Equivalent words: talk, talk, conversation, discourse More Equal words of talk.

Talk might be characterized as unmistakable, accountable, interpretive, and contentious.

The scholastic talk includes how we modify our correspondence when participating in scholarly conversations. A few instances of scholastic correspondence are reading material, introductions, expositions, research articles, and talks.

Expressive scholarly talk ordinarily comprises imaginative true-to-life composition. Instances of expressive talk incorporate letters, journal passages, and continuous flow composing.

To learn more about discourse here

https://brainly.com/question/18149494

#SPJ4

What American has the highest IQ?

Answers

Christopher Michael Langan is an American autodidact who is known for having an extremely high IQ. He has never taken an IQ test officially, but he is estimated to have an IQ of between 195 and 210.

Langan was born in 1952 in San Francisco, California, and grew up in poverty. Despite his humble beginnings, he began to demonstrate his exceptional intelligence at a young age. He has been featured in documentaries and articles about high intelligence, and has developed a theory of the universe called the Cognitive-Theoretic Model of the Universe (CTMU). Langan has worked as a bouncer, a cowboy, and a firefighter, among other professions.

To know more about Cognitive-Theoretic Model, here

brainly.com/question/8893006

#SPJ4

what is hydro flask target

Answers

The vacuum insulated stainless steel water bottles, tumblers, and other drinkware manufactured under the Hydro Flask brand are renowned for their strength and capacity to maintain liquid temperatures for long periods of time.

A brand of stainless steel water bottles and tumblers called Hydro Flask uses vacuum insulation to keep beverages hot or cold for long periods of time. Popular retail outlet Target carries a variety of goods, including a number of Hydro Flask products. At Target stores and online, customers may purchase Hydro Flask water bottles, coffee flasks, wine tumblers, and other items. Customers who are searching for robust, high-quality drinkware that can survive diverse outdoor activities or regular use will find a convenient shopping experience thanks to the partnership between Hydro Flask and Target. The Hydro Flask brand is well-known for its cutting-edge style and vibrant selections, making it a well-liked option among consumers of all ages.

Learn more about Hydro Flask here:

https://brainly.com/question/30397259

#SPJ4

What is progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy?

Answers

Progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy (PML) is a rare and often fatal brain infection that is caused by the John Cunningham (JC) virus. This virus typically remains dormant in the body, but can become active in individuals with weakened immune systems, such as those with HIV/AIDS or undergoing chemotherapy.

When the JC virus becomes active, it infects and destroys the cells that produce myelin, a fatty substance that protects the brain's nerve cells. This leads to the development of multiple lesions, or areas of damage, in the brain, which can cause a variety of neurological symptoms, such as weakness, difficulty speaking, vision problems, and cognitive impairment.

PML is diagnosed through a combination of imaging tests, such as MRI, and analysis of cerebrospinal fluid. There is no specific treatment for PML, but efforts are typically focused on strengthening the immune system to help fight the infection. This may include stopping or changing medications that are suppressing the immune system, and treating any underlying conditions that may be contributing to immune suppression.

Overall, progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy is a serious and often life-threatening condition that requires prompt medical attention and ongoing management.

To learn more about virus here:

https://brainly.com/question/25236237#

#SPJ11

the brain grows _______ in early childhood than in infancy.

Answers

The brain grows less rapidly in early childhood than in infancy.

A child learns the most in its childhood. That is when he needs the most of its brain coapacity to function properly and learn new things. This is the reason why human brain grows less rapidly in early childhood than in infancy. Therefore, this means that a human brain develops rapidly during infancy and lay a foundation to future health and development.

The typical baby's brain is around one-fourth the size of the typical adult brain at birth. Amazingly, it grows by a factor of two in the first year. By age 3, it will be around 80% of adult size, and by age 5, it will be 90% of adult size, or virtually full grown. Brain is the control centre of the human body.

To know more about human brain, refer:

https://brainly.com/question/18644919

#SPJ4

What are the branches of internal carotid arteries?

Answers

The middle cerebral artery, anterior choroidal arteriole, anterior cerebral artery, and posterior communicating artery are some of the branches.

What number of internal carotid arteries exist?

Overview. Four carotid arteries exist, two of which are found on either side of the neck. This contains the internal and external carotid arteries on the right and left, respectively. Blood from of the heart is sent to the head and brain by the carotid arteries.

What are the four primary ICA segments?

Segments of the Inner Carotid Artery (ICA) are frequently separated into: (1) Its Cervical segment extends through the neck upwards from the carotid bulb to the the skull's base; (2) he Petrous segment extends through petrous bone from the skull's base; (3) the Deep segment extends through the venous system.

To know more about cerebral visit:

https://brainly.com/question/30774498

#SPJ4

Write a paragraph relating the following terms: chromosome, fertilization, mitosis, homologous chromosomes, chromatids, centromere

Answers

Chromosomes are the structures that store genetic material in the form of DNA. During fertilization, when an egg and sperm cell join, the chromosomes from each cell combine to form a new set of chromosomes. This process is called mitosis. The chromosomes that are formed during mitosis are called homologous chromosomes, which are made up of two chromatids that are joined together at a point called the centromere. The chromatids hold the same genetic material, but may have different versions of the same gene. This allows for genetic variation in offspring.

What is your target zone? Your Target Heart Rate zone is the Threshold Ceiling to Target Ceiling.

Answers

Answer:

To calculate your maximum heart rate, subtract your age from 220. To calculate your target heart rate (THR) zone, multiply your MHR by 64% and 76%. These numbers give you the low and high numbers that your heart rate should stay within the majority of time while you are exercising at a moderate intensity level.

Explanation:

T/F Chronic fatigue syndrome results from repeated motions performed in a course of normal work and daily activities.

Answers

False. Chronic fatigue syndrome (CFS) is a complicated ailment characterised by excessive exhaustion that is unrelated to any underlying medical condition.

It is not caused by repetitive motions, regular employment, or everyday activities, yet it might make it difficult for a person to do simple daily tasks. The symptoms of CFS vary from person to person, and its aetiology is unclear.

A poor immune system, cognitive challenges, sleep issues, muscle and joint discomfort, headaches, and sensitivity to noise, light, and temperature are among the common symptoms.

Although CFS cannot be cured, therapy focuses on symptom control. This could entail adopting new lifestyle habits like getting enough sleep, working out frequently, and eating a balanced diet. The use of medicines, cognitive-behavioral therapy, and counseling.

To learn more about headaches visit:

https://brainly.com/question/1400356

#SPJ4

What are parallel processes in psychology?

Answers

Answer:

The capacity of the brain to simultaneously process incoming inputs of various qualities is known as parallel processing in psychology. 

The visual system uses parallel processing because the brain separates what it perceives into four categories: color, motion, shape, and depth.

suppose you wanted to prescribe a hypothetical drug that would have an overall excitatory effect on the nervous system. which would you choose?

Answers

A GABA antagonists is the hypothetical drug that would have an overall excitatory effect on the nervous system.

GABA stands for Gamma-aminobutyric acid, which is a neurotransmitter in the brain. If it is secreted in excess amount, it can reduce the brain activeness and induce sleep in the person. The GABA antagonists are used to refer to those receptors which inhibit or reduce the functions of GABA. However, decreased GABA levels also has some adverse effects on the body such as anxiety and mood disorders in the person. Thus, any GABA antagonists will abruptly increase the normal level of the drug and the body will experience anesthetic features.

Learn more about GABA antagonist at:

brainly.com/question/30052572

#SPJ4

What is the ICD-10 code for sore throat?

Answers

The ICD-10 code for sore throat is J02.9. This code is used to indicate an inflammation of the pharynx, which can be caused by a viral or bacterial infection, allergies, or irritants such as smoking.

The J02.9 code falls under the category of Diseases of the Respiratory System and is specifically classified as Acute Pharyngitis, Unspecified. It is important to accurately document and code for sore throat to ensure appropriate diagnosis, treatment, and billing of medical services provided to the patient. It is important to note that this code only describes the symptom of sore throat and not the underlying cause, which may require additional documentation and coding.

Find out more about sore throat

brainly.com/question/30388237

#SPJ4

how to recordw through ultrasonic sound waves of the heart?

Answers

The ultrasonic sound waves of the heart are basically recorded by the process which is known as the echocardiogram.

An echocardiogram is a very important procedure which is used to detect a number of heart diseases. These echocardiograms basically show how the heart functions, as in, the flow of the blood through the heart as well as the valves.

In this procedure, the sonographer basically places a hand-held wand which is known as the transducer on the outside of our chest in order to send the sound waves to our heart. These sound waves basically bounce off the different areas of our heart. These echoes appear as pictures on the  computer screen.

To know more about echocardiogram here

https://brainly.com/question/14506662

#SPJ4

Other Questions
Use what you have learned about monopolies to complete the following sentences.Monopolies limit competition in the market.In a monopoly, a producer controls the market because it is able to meet the demands of all consumers.In a monopoly, a producer controls the market by the authority of the government, and private production cannot take place.In a monopoly, a producer controls the market by holding a patent on the process of creating a specific good. What is the ICD-10-CM code for cervical stenosis? What roles do society, politics, and economics play in science?Discovering the roles and influence that society, politics, and economics have on science takes some practice. Sometimes these influences are not obvious but appear only after a solution to the problem has been tested over a period of time.These articles describe conservation problems and solutions that were influenced by scientific, social, economic, or political issues. As you read each article, take note of the sections that represent these factors. You will use these articles in your assignment for this lesson.Using Forests WiselyForestCommunity ConservationSky view of a townUsing both of the articles, answer the questions below. You can answer questions on a word processing document and upload it for grading, or you can submit answers to questions directly. Be sure to review the grading rubric before you begin.Summarize the scientific information that leads to conservation in each of the articles.What social issues affected the problem or its solution in each of the stories?How did economics delay scientists' first attempts for conservation in each story?Describe the political actions that led to successful conservation in both stories. A 6 month loan has $5,000 in proceeds and a discount rate of 10%. Determine the face value Where is Coastal Carolina bookstore? in the ras signaling pathway, which protein is located upstream of ras-gtp? you are a state legislator in charge of revitalizing a major city within your state.in which of the following scenarios might you use the concepts laid out by the gravity model to assist with decision making?choosing another city in the state with which to link up by building a new high speed railway who interprets what the constitution says, and how? Human resource management consists of activities involved in recruiting, hiring, training, development, and compensation of all types of personnel. It A. supports only individual primary activities. B. supports only individual support activities. C. supports both individual primary and support activities and the entire value chain. D. supports mostly support activities but does have some impact on primary activities. what does skewed mean You have two containers at STP. Flask #1 contains F2 gas and flask #2 contains CO2 gas. What can you sayabout the number of moles of molecules in each flask, and what can you say about the average speed of themolecules in each flask? (In other words compare Flask #1 to Flask #2 - think about terms such as more, less,same, faster, slower, etc) The allele underlying sickle-cell disease affects the structure of the _____ molecule inside _____ blood cells.a) hemogloblin; redb) myoglobin; redc) myoglobin; whited) hemoglobin; whitee) fibrinopeptide; white There are 12 inches in 1 foot. Which of the following conversion factors express this relationship correctly? Select all that apply Check all that apply. a.12 in /1 ft b. 1 in x 12 ft c. 1 ft /12 in d.1/ 1 in x 12 ft please help me on this jacob leisler, sir edmund andros, and john coode were all associated with what set of events? What is the highest common factor of 25, 75 and 150? write the product for 2/3 x 3/5 shown by each model in the example I need question 2 done Please explain your answer. Will mark Brainliest (question 9) in c. This program reads in a series of words. All words consist of only lower-case letters ('a' through 'z'). None of the words entered will be longer than 50 letters. The program reads until end-of-file, and then prints out all the lower-case letters that were missing in the input or a statement indicating the input has all the letters. Two executions of the program are shown below. Enter your input:the quick brown fox jumps over the lazy old dogYour input contains all the lettersEnter your input:alabama crimson tideMissing letters: f g h j k p q u v w x y z Which of the following is true regarding Harry's assertion that the statute of frauds is not satisfied because Rebecca did not sign the document?A. Harry is correct.B. Harry is incorrect because he is the one being sued, and he signed the document.C. Harry is incorrect because the statute of frauds did not require her signature so long as the selling price was referenced.D. Harry is incorrect because the statute of frauds did not require her signature so long as the type of subject matter involved was referenced.E. Harry is incorrect because the statute of frauds did not require her signature so long as the parties were clearly identified.