TWO PARTS:
1. of the MSW generated in 2017, 61 million tonnes was recycled and 24 million tonnes was composted. what percentage of the total MSW generated was either recycled or composed?
2. a further 31 million tonnes of MSW was combusted for energy recovery. what percentage of MSW actually went to landfill in 2017?
1. The MSW generated in 2017, 61 million tons was recycled and 24 million tons was composted and approximately 22.41% of the MSW generated in 2017 went to landfill.
2.The 31 million tons of MSW was combusted for energy recovery and approximately 22.41% of the MSW generated in 2017 went to landfill.
To solve these questions, we need to calculate the total amount of Municipal Solid Waste (MSW) generated in 2017 and then determine the percentages of recycling, composting, energy recovery, and landfill disposal.
1. To calculate the percentage of MSW that was either recycled or composted:
Total MSW generated = 61 million tonnes (recycled) + 24 million tonnes (composted)
Total MSW generated = 85 million tonnes
Percentage of MSW recycled or composted:
((61 million tonnes + 24 million tonnes) / 85 million tonnes) * 100 = 85.88%
Therefore, approximately 85.88% of the total MSW generated was either recycled or composted.
2. To calculate the percentage of MSW that went to landfill in 2017:
Total MSW disposed = 85 million tonnes (recycled and composted) + 31 million tonnes (combusted for energy recovery)
Total MSW disposed = 116 million tonnes
Percentage of MSW sent to landfill:
((116 million tonnes - (61 million tonnes + 24 million tonnes + 31 million tonnes)) / 116 million tonnes) * 100 = 22.41%
Therefore, approximately 22.41% of the MSW generated in 2017 went to landfill.
It's worth noting that the calculations assume that all the recycled, composted, and combusted waste is diverted from landfill disposal.
However, in practice, there might be cases where a small portion of the recycled or composted waste still ends up in landfills. The percentages provided give a general understanding of the waste management practices but might not account for all nuances in waste disposal.
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Assume the United States economy is in short-run macroeconomic equilibrium at an output level greater than potential output.
(a) An increase in government spending by $100 billion will shift the AD curve to the right.
(b) Household savings will decrease by $400 billion in the short run.
(c) An increase in real output will lead to an increase in the demand for money in the economy.
(d) An increase in the interest rate in the short run leads to a decrease in the prices of previously issued bonds
(e) An increase in the inflation rate in the United States relative to the inflation rate in the European Union will lead to a decrease in the demand for dollars in the foreign exchange market.
(f) If the Federal Reserve attempts to keep the value of the dollar constant in the foreign exchange market, it should sell dollars and buy euros.
How to calculate the valueThe maximum change in real output can be calculated using the formula:
∆Y = ∆Spending × (1 / (1 - MPC))
where MPC is the marginal propensity to consume.
∆Y = $100 billion × (1 / (1 - 0.8)) = $500 billion
The maximum change in household savings can be calculated as follows:
∆S = -MPC × ∆Y
∆S = -0.8 × $500 billion = -$400 billion
If the Federal Reserve attempts to keep the value of the dollar constant in the foreign exchange market, it should sell dollars and buy euros. This is because the dollar has depreciated in the foreign exchange market, and selling dollars will increase the demand for dollars and raise its value.
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