9
Which statement best describes the Bohr model of the atom?
Electrons can move freely between intermediate energy levels.
B
Electrons move around the nucleus in circular orbits:
С
Electrons emit and absorb energy at continuous wavelengths.
D Electrons are accommodated in lower energy levels.

A pure liquid has a constant boiling point (at constant pressure). A change in boiling during distillation is an indication of impurity. The opposite, proposition, however, is not always true, and a constant boiling point does not necessarily mean that the liquid is pure.

This is because, at the boiling point, vapor and liquid are in equilibrium, and, if the composition of the vapor and liquid remains constant through the process, the temperature will also remain constant.

The boiling point can differ by location depending on pressure. Why does not a pure liquid in a distilling flask vaporize all at once whilst the boiling temperature is reached? Additional heat must be supplied for a phase change to occur.

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Answer:

the number of chlorine  molecules  in  6.5  moles  of  chlorine  is  calculated  as  follows

by  use  of Avogadro  constant  that  is  1mole =  6.02  x10^23    molecules

what  about  6.5  moles

6.5  x  (  6.02x 10^23)=  3.913  x10^24

The volume measured using such a cylinder will be reported to the nearest 10th mL.

10 mL graduated cylinders are always read to the nearest two decimal places.

100 mL graduated cylinders are always read to the nearest 1 decimal place. The nearest 1 decimal place is the same thing as the nearest 10th.

Thus, a reading made using a 100mL increment graduated cylinder would be reported to the nearest 10th mL.

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Element M reacts with fluorine to form an ionic compound with the formula MF₄. The M cation has 18 electrons. Element M is Sn.

An ionic compound is defined as the compound made up of ions that formed charge particles when an atom loses or gains electrons.

Cations are positively charged ions. It forms when an element lose one or more electrons.

The cation which has 18 electrons is Sn. Sn react with fluorine to form an ionic compound with the formula SnF₄ because Sn is large and F is very small in size.

Thus from the above conclusion we can say that Element M reacts with fluorine to form an ionic compound with the formula MF₄. The M cation has 18 electrons. Element M is Sn.

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The mass (in grams) of precipitate is 0.6386 gram.

Calculation,

To find the mass of precipitate, first we have to find the precipitate. So, the chemical  reaction when cesium hydroxide react to large excess of [tex]TiSO_{4}[/tex].

Mole of cesium hydroxide = given mass/molar mass = 2.34 gm/ 149.912 g/mol= 0.0156 moles

[tex]2CsOH+TiSO_{4}[/tex]→[tex]Ti(OH)_{2} +Cs_{2} SO_{4}[/tex]

So, mole ratio 2: 1

It means two moles of cesium hydroxide required to form one mole of titanium hydroxide.

To produce 0.0156 moles of cesium hydroxide = 0.0156 moles×1 mole/2

Mole of titanium hydroxide = 0.0078 mole

Mole of titanium hydroxide = given mass/molar mass of titanium hydroxide

Mole of titanium hydroxide = given mass/81.82 g/mol = 0.0078 mole

Mass of titanium hydroxide = 0.0078 mole ×81.88 g/mol  = 0.6387 gm

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A certain radioactive isotope has a half life of one hour. I you start with 1.0 g of the material at 1:00 P. M. 0.5 grams will be present at 2:00 P.M. on the same day.

Half life is the amount of time required to reduce to one half of its initial value. The symbol of half life is [tex]t_{1/2}[/tex].

It is expressed as:

[tex]N_{t} = N_{0} (\frac{1}{2})^{n}[/tex]

where,

N(t) = quantity remaining

N₀ = initial quantity

n = half life that have passed

Now put the values in above expression we get

[tex]N_{t} = 1.0\ g \times (\frac{1}{2})^{1}[/tex]

     = [tex]\frac{1}{2} g[/tex]

      = 0.5 gram

Thus from the above conclusion we can say that A certain radioactive isotope has a half life of one hour. I you start with 1.0 g of the material at 1:00 P. M. 0.5 grams will be present at 2:00 P.M. on the same day.

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The atmospheric pressure will be:

The pressure of the atmosphere resulting from the mercury column is 0.959 atm

What is atmospheric pressure?

The force that an object experiences from the weight of the air above it per unit area are known as atmospheric pressure.

Given: Height of mercury column = 729 mm Hg

To find: The pressure of the atmosphere

Calculation:

The atmospheric column resulting from the mercury column is calculated as follows:

1 atm =760 mm Hg

So, we can convert the 729 mm Hg to atm, and we get

Atmospheric pressure = 729 x 1 atm / 760 = 0.959 atm

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The mass of the solution will be 4,394 mg

The mass percent of a component in a solution can be derived as follows:

Mass percent = mass of component/total mass of solution x 100%

In this case, the mass percent of KCN in the solution is 0.208 and the mass of KCN is 914 mg.

The mass of the 0.208% KCN solution will be:

                           914/0.208 = 4,394 mg

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Moles of diprotic acid present were:

A mole of diprotic acid contains 0.0023 moles [tex]H_{2}A[/tex].

Law of dilution:

Titrations are conducted using the law of dilution.

The number of moles of solute divided by the arrangement's volume in liters is known as molarity.

The number of moles per liter of solution is referred to as molarity. Additionally, we write it as M. Furthermore, we employ the following equation to determine molarity:

Molarity = moles of solute/liter of solution.

Calculation:

Moles of acid = moles of base

n = M/V

Moles of [tex]H_{2}A[/tex] = Moles of NaOH used

Therefore,  0.100 x 0.02258L = 0.0023 mol [tex]H_{2}A[/tex]

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The statement is False.

Ethanol is one of many toxic substances found in tobacco smoke.

Ethanol is used in the manufacture of drugs, plastics, lacquers, polishes, plasticizers, and cosmetics. Ethanol is utilized in remedy as a topical antiinfective, and as an antidote for ethylene glycol or methanol overdose.

Ethanol is a natural chemical compound. it's far simple alcohol with the chemical formula C₂H₆O. Its system can be additionally written as CH ₃−CH ₂−OH or C ₂H ₅OH and is frequently abbreviated as EtOH. Ethanol is a risky, flammable, colorless liquid with a characteristic wine-like smell and pungent taste.

Within the worst instances, there can also be respiratory problems, low blood strain, incontinence coronary heart troubles, blood troubles, liver damage, and loss of life. Ethanol can also dry out and worsen the skin; there may be aches, redness, and swelling. Eye publicity to ethanol also can purpose tearing, burning, and stinging.

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Answer:

A solution in which the maximum amount of solvent has been dissolved

Explanation:

For example, 36g of salt in 100g of water.

Because of its molecule's cohesive nature, surface tension has the quality to resist an external force.

Surface tension is simply a property of the surface of a liquid that allows it to resist an external force.

If the intermolecular forces are stronger further results in higher surface tension. For example; water has a high surface tension resulting in strong dipole intermolecular forces. Another example is oil. Oil has a low surface tension resulting in lower dipole intermolecular forces.

Temperature is inversely proportional to Surface tension. Therefore, surface tension increases as the temperature decreases.

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Thus all ionic compounds are solids at room temperature and generally they have very high melting and boiling points.

There are strong electrostatic attractive forces between the positive and negative ions in ionic solids. These extremely powerful forces must be overcome in order to melt the solid. As a result, all ionic compounds are solids at room temperature and have extremely high melting and boiling points.

E.g. MgF2 has a melting point of. 1261°C and a boiling point of 2239°C

The strong forces between the ions are difficult to break, which also explains why ionic compound crystals are hard. Ionic substances form massive ionic lattices with oppositely charged ions.

Ionic compounds are made up of charged particles known as ions. It has a massive lattice structure with strong electrostatic attraction forces. Giant ionic lattices are regular structures found in ionic compounds.

In Chemistry, some examples of ionic compounds are:

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Answer:

A resistor resists extra electric current.

The first word in the name of an ester is derived from the alcohol used in the esterification.

Esterification is a chemical process where an organic acid with the formula is combined with an alcohol molecule having the chemical formula (ROH).

The process of esterification is known to produce an ester molecule and during this phenomenon is released water (H2O).

An example of an esterification reaction occurs when ethanoic acid (i.e., the active ingredient of vinegar) can react with C2H5OH (i.e., ethanol) in order to form the ethyl ethanoate molecule, which is a well-known ester molecule.

In conclusion, the first word in the name of an ester is derived from the Alcohol used in the esterification.

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The limiting reactant for the reaction between 27.3 g of iron and 45.8 g of oxygen is iron

We'll begin by writing the balanced equation for the reaction between iron and oxygen. This is given below:

4Fe + 3O₂ --> 2Fe₂O₃

Molar mass of Fe = 56 g/mol

Mass of Fe from the balanced equation = 4 × 56 = 224 g

Molar mass of O₂ = 16 × 2 = 32 g/mol

Mass of O₂ from the balanced equation = 3 × 32 = 96 g

SUMMARY

From the balanced equation above,

224 g of Fe reacted with 96 g of O₂

The limiting reactant can be obtain as illustrated below:

From the balanced equation above,

224 g of Fe reacted with 96 g of O₂

Therefore,

27.3 g of Fe will react with = (27.3 × 96) / 224 = 11.7 g of O₂

From the calculation above, we can see that only 11.7 g of O₂ out of 45.8 g given is required to react completely with 27.3 g of Fe.

Thus, Fe is the limiting reactant.

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Answer:

B.) 2.92

Explanation:

Tp find the mass of H₂ produced, you need to (1) convert grams AlCl₃ to moles AlCl₃ (via molar mass), then (2) convert moles AlCl₃ to moles H₂ (via mole-to-mole ratio from equation coefficients), and then (3) convert moles H₂ to grams H₂ (via molar mass). It is important to arrange the ratios/conversions in a way that allows for the cancellation of units.

Molar Mass (AlCl₃): 26.982 g/mol + 3(35.453 g/mol)

Molar Mass (AlCl₃): 133.341 g/mol

2 Al + 6 HCl ---> 2 AlCl₃ + 3 H₂

Molar Mass (H₂): 2(1.008 g/mol)

Molar Mass (H₂): 2.016 g/mol

129 g AlCl₃           1 mole              3 moles H₂             2.016 g
------------------  x  ------------------  x  ---------------------  x  ---------------  =
                            133.341 g          2 moles AlCl₃          1 mole

=  2.93 g H₂

*our answers are most likely different due to using slightly different molar masses

The "molecule a" referred to ATP in the equation.

So, option A is correct one.

The equation is given as,

[tex]C_{6} H_{12} O_{6}+ 6O_{2}[/tex] → [tex]6CO_{2}+ 6H_{2}O + ATP[/tex]

The above equation indicates the respiration activities in the plants.

The aerobic respiration takes place in the Mitochondria and which requires oxygen and glucose and produces carbon dioxide , water and energy.

The energy is in the form of  ATP. The pull form of ATP is adenosine triphosphate. The ATP is also called energy carrier because it found in the cells of the all living organism and this molecule carries energy.

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Answer:

2,282 cm³

Explanation:

If all other variables are being held constant, you can find the new volume of the balloon using the Charles' Law equation. The equation looks like this:

V₁ / T₁ = V₂ / T₂

In this equation, "V₁" and "T₁" represent the initial volume and temperature. "V₂" and "T₂" represent the final volume and temperature. Before you can solve for the new volume, you need to convert Celsius to Kelvin (negative values do not work in this equation). This can be done by adding 273.15 to each temperature.

V₁ = 2600 cm³                                    V₂ = ? cm³

T₁ = 21 °C + 273.15 = 294.15 K           T₂ = -15 °C + 273.15 = 258.15 K

V₁ / T₁ = V₂ / T₂                                               <----- Charles' Law

(2600 cm³) / (294.15 K) = V₂ / (258.15 K)      <----- Insert values

8.839 = V₂ / (258.15 K)                                   <----- Simplify left side

2282 = V₂                                                      <----- Multiply both sides by 258.15

The intermolecular forces, such as hydrogen bonds or van der Waals attractions, which draw one molecule to its neighbors, govern a substance's physical properties. Due to the relatively weak intermolecular forces of attraction, molecular substances typically take the form of gases, liquids, or low melting point solids.

The forces that bind two molecules together are known as intermolecular forces. Intermolecular forces have an impact on physical properties. Strong and weak forces both exist; the stronger the force, the more energy is needed to separate the molecules from one another. As intermolecular forces increase melting, boiling, and freezing points rise.

The following intermolecular forces are listed in order of strength:

It would take very little energy to separate two molecules if they are connected by van der Waals dispersion forces. On the other hand, it requires a lot more energy to separate two molecules that are joined together by ionic bonds.

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The [tex]Br^{-}[/tex] describes the reducing agent in the reaction below.

[tex]Cl_{2} (aq) + 2Br^{-} (aq)[/tex] → [tex]2Cl^{-}(aq) + Br_{2}( aq)[/tex]

Reducing agent is the species in which oxidation is takes place. Reducing agent is the species in which loss of electrons is takes place. In the above reaction bromine ion in left hand side of the reaction loss electron to become bromine atom. So, bromine ion is reducing agent.

Oxidizing agent is the species in which reduction is takes place. Oxidizing agent is the species in which gain of electrons is takes place. In the above reaction chlorine atom in right hand side of the reaction gain electron to become chlorine ion. So, chlorine atom is reducing agent.

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The conclusion of the student would be that the dissolution of ammonium nitrate is endothermic.

They are reactions in which heat is absorbed from the surrounding. The consequence is that the reaction mixture's temperature is always lower.

Thus, the energy of the products is always higher than the energy of the reactants in endothermic reactions.

For endothermic reactions, the enthalpy change is always positive.

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The % V/V concentration of a 180-mL disinfectant solution containing 85 mL of isopropyl alcohol is 47 % V/V.

It refers to the milliliters of solute for every 100 milliliters of solution.

We have 180 mL of a disinfectant solution that contains 85 mL of isopropyl alcohol (solute).

The % V/V concentration of this solution is:

% V/V = (mL solute/mL solution) × 100% =

% V/V = (85 mL/180 mL) × 100% = 47% V/V

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the theoretical yield of cyclohexene 1.24ml as phosphoric acid acts as limiting reagent.

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The enthalpy of vaporization of Bromine is 15.4 kJ/mol. -7.7 kJ is the energy change when 80.2 g of Br₂ condenses to a liquid at 59.5°C.

The amount of enthalpy or energy that must be added to a liquid substance into gas substance is called Enthalpy of Vaporization. It is also known as Latent heat of vaporization.

To calculate the energy use this expression:

[tex]Q = n \Delta H_{\text{vapo.}[/tex]

where,

Q = Energy change

n = number of moles

[tex]\Delta H_{\text{Vapo.}}[/tex] = Molar enthalpy of vaporization

Now find the number of moles

Number of moles (n) = [tex]\frac{\text{Given Mass}}{\text{Molar mass}}[/tex]

                                   = [tex]\frac{80.2\ g }{159.8\ g/mol}[/tex]

                                   = 0.5 mol

Now put the values in above formula we get

[tex]Q = - n \Delta H_{\text{vapo.}[/tex]         [Negative sign is used because Br₂ condensed here]

   = - (0.5 mol × 15.4 kJ/mol)

   = - 7.7 kJ

Thus from the above conclusion we can say that The enthalpy of vaporization of Bromine is 15.4 kJ/mol. -7.7 kJ is the energy change when 80.2 g of Br₂ condenses to a liquid at 59.5°C.

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Answer:

solvent

Explanation:

Water dissolves the substances, which become the solutes in the solution.

Answer:

Aluminum

Explanation:

Each chlorine atom needs one more valence electron to have a full valence electron shell, so X needs to have 3 valuence electrons. The only that satisfies this is aluminum.

Answer:

L = mol solute / M

Explanation:

To rewrite the equation for liters (L), you need to:

M = mol solute / L                              <----- Given equation

M x L = mol solute                             <----- Multiply both sides by L

L = mol solute / M                              <----- Divide both sides by M

Considering the definition of ion, an atom with 11 protons and 9 electrons (option A) is an ion since the number of electrons is less than the number of protons, acquiring a positive charge.

An ion is an electrically charged particle that is made up of an atom or molecule that is not electrically neutral, that is, that in its constitution has gained or lost electrons.

In other words, an ion is a molecule or atom that has a positive or negative electrical charge. That is, an ion is an atom whose electrical charge is not neutral.

On the other hand, an atom is made up of a nucleus made up of protons (positively charged) and neutrons (neutrally charged), around which electrons (negatively charged) orbit.

An atom has as many protons as electrons, so the total charge is zero and it is globally neutral.

The loss or gain of electrons allows the atom to acquire an electrical charge, transforming itself into an ion. If the electrical charge is positive, it is called a cation; if it is negative, it is called an anion.

An atom with 11 protons and 9 electrons (option A) is an ion since the number of electrons is less than the number of protons, acquiring a positive charge.

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This because the concentration gradient does not favor diffusion of potassium ions  through the K leak channels.

Diffusion is the movement of molecules of substances from regions of high concentration to regions of low concentration.

Diffusion of ions through the cell membrane takes places through leak channels due to concentration gradient.

The diffusion of potassium ions in and out of the cell depends on the extracellular concentration of potassium ions.

When extracellular concentration of potassium ions increases, it reduces the net diffusion of K out of the neuron through the k leak channels because the concentration gradient does not favor outward movement of potassium ions.

In conclusion, the diffusion of potassium ions through K leak channels depends on concentration gradient.

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