Answer:
Explanation:
Another example of positive reinforcement would be getting paid after going to work. Getting that paycheck at the end of the week or seeing your direct deposit go through increases the likelihood that you will go back to work on Monday. The money is added to your environment, i.e., your bank account.
the greenhouse effect is caused by the atmosphere reflecting longwave radiation emitted by the earth back down to the earth's surface. True or False
Greenhouse effect is caused by atmosphere reflecting longwave radiation emitted by the earth back down to earth's surface is : true.
Is greenhouse effect caused by atmosphere reflecting longwave radiation?Greenhouse effect is actually caused by the atmosphere trapping some of the energy from sun that is absorbed by Earth's surface. This trapped energy, in the form of heat, warms the atmosphere and also Earth's surface.
Earth's surface absorbs the shortwave radiation of sun and re-emits some of this energy as longwave radiation. Certain atmospheric gases, like carbon dioxide, methane, and water vapor, absorb this longwave radiation and re-emit some of it back towards Earth's surface. This causes Earth's surface and lowers atmosphere to warm, similar to the way greenhouse traps heat to grow plants.
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before lipids can be used by the body, they must first be digested and absorbed. classify the following steps in lipid digestion based on where they occur in the digestive tract. you are currently in a sorting module. turn off browse mode or quick nav, tab to items, space or enter to pick up, tab to move, space or enter to drop. mouth and stomach small intestine mucosal cells of small intestine answer bank
Mouth and stomach:
Chewing and mixing with salivaLingual lipase digestion (in the mouth)Gastric lipase digestion (in the stomach)Small intestine:
Bile emulsificationPancreatic lipase digestionMicelle formation and transportMucosal cells of small intestine:
Fatty acid and monoglyceride absorptionRe-esterification and chylomicron formationWhat is lipid digestion?Lipid digestion is the process by which the body breaks down fats into smaller components that can be absorbed and utilized for energy. It begins in the mouth, where enzymes in saliva begin to break down the triglycerides in food. In the stomach, lipids are further broken down by gastric lipase.
The majority of lipid digestion, however, occurs in the small intestine, where bile salts and pancreatic lipase work together to break down fats into fatty acids, which can then be absorbed into the bloodstream and transported to cells throughout the body.
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Purple flowers (P) are dominant over white flowers (p) and long pollen grains are dominant over round pollen grains. When purple flowers and long pollen grain plants were crossed with plants with white flowers and round pollen grains, all the F1 plants showed purple flowers and long pollen grains. The Fi plants were crossed and the results are in the table: What conclusions about the physical relationship between the traits can be drawn from the experiment? phenotype number of offspring purple flowers/long grains 415 purple flowers/short grains 92 white flowers/long grains 88 white flowers/short grains 405 incomplete dominsance A. The traits follow the law of independent assortment. B. The traits are located on different chromosomes. C. There was epistasis. D. The traits are probably linked.
The conclusion that can be drawn by observing the cross between plants with purple flowers, long pollen grain plants and plants with white flowers, round pollen grains is that: (D) The traits are probably linked.
Cross is the breeding between two organisms that may or may not be of the same species. This results in an offspring that possesses the traits from both the parents. The offspring may show traits similar to one or both the parents or their traits may be completely different.
Linkage is the phenomenon where the two genes are placed closely together in a chromosome such that their segregation usually happens along with each other. If the offspring produced by a cross yields are more similar to their parents then their genes can be said to be linked.
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in his experiment, morgan crossed a red-eyed female with a white-eyed male. which of the following results allowed morgan to conclude that the locus affecting eye color was on the x chromosome?
In his experiment, Thomas Hunt Morgan crossed a red-eyed female fruit fly (Drosophila melanogaster) with a white-eyed male. gene affecting eye color was on the X chromosome was the inheritance pattern of eye color in the F1 generation.
define chromosomes ?
A chromosome is a long DNA molecule with part or all of the genetic material of an organism. In most chromosomes the very long thin DNA fibers are coated with packaging proteins; in eukaryotic cells the most important of these proteins are the histones.
Thomas Hunt Morgan crossed a red-eyed female fruit fly (Drosophila melanogaster) with a white-eyed male. The observation that allowed Morgan to conclude that the gene affecting eye color was on the X chromosome was the inheritance pattern of eye color in the F1 generation.
The female fly has two X chromosomes, while the male fly has one X chromosome and one Y chromosome. In Drosophila, the gene for eye color is located on the X chromosome. The X-linked allele for red eyes is dominant, and the X-linked allele for white eyes is recessive.
When Morgan crossed the red-eyed female with the white-eyed male, all of the F1 progeny had red eyes. This result is consistent with the dominant inheritance of the red-eyed allele. However, when Morgan crossed the F1 progeny with each other, he observed a different pattern. Among the F2 generation, Morgan observed a 3:1 ratio of red-eyed to white-eyed flies, which is the expected ratio for a Mendelian trait controlled by a single gene.
Importantly, all of the white-eyed flies in the F2 generation were males, and none of the females had white eyes. This observation led Morgan to conclude that the gene for eye color was located on the X chromosome, since males only inherit one X chromosome and therefore only have one copy of the gene. The lack of white-eyed females in the F2 generation is consistent with the recessive nature of the white-eyed allele and the fact that females have two X chromosomes.
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How do you do number eight?
7. The mutation in the aquaporin gene can result in a complete loss of function of the protein, preventing the transport of water across cell membranes.
This is because any mutation that alters the structure of a protein will affect its function.
8. The mutated protein aquaporin 2 is found in the attachment.
What are the effects of mutation on that protein aquaporin?Aquaporins are a family of transmembrane proteins that form water channels in cell membranes, allowing for the rapid and selective transport of water across cell membranes.
Mutations in the region that forms the water-selective pore or that affect key amino acid residues involved in water transport can have a significant impact on the protein's function.
Some mutations in the aquaporin gene have been linked to various diseases, including nephrogenic diabetes insipidus, where the kidneys are unable to concentrate urine due to the loss of water transport activity in aquaporins.
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which of the following cannot be an example of evolution? a. as a consequence of legislation promoting cleaner air, the frequency of black peppered moths in europe has decreased in the last half century.
Option A, As a consequence of climate change, robins in the northeastern United States sing earlier in the spring than they did two decades ago cannot be an example of evolution.
Evolution is a process of change over time in the characteristics of a population of organisms that is caused by natural selection or other mechanisms such as mutation, genetic drift, and gene flow.
Of the options provided, option D does not fit into the definition of evolution as it is not a change in the genetic material of the population.
Option D instead is an example of an adaptation, which is a trait that helps an individual organism survive and reproduce better in its environment. Adaptations are the result of natural selection and can help a species survive in a changing environment, but they do not constitute evolution.
Examples of evolution include the emergence of antibiotic resistanceOption A, As a consequence of climate change, robins in the northeastern United States sing earlier in the spring than they did two decades ago cannot be an example of evolution.
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The question is -
Which of the following cannot be an example of evolution?
Options:
A. As a consequence of climate change, robins in the northeastern United States sing earlier in the spring than they did two decades ago.
B. As a consequence of legislation promoting cleaner air, the frequency of black peppered moths in Europe has decreased in the last half-century.
C. Due to a genetic bottleneck, the frequency of one allele has increased in a population of Drosophila subobscura.
D. After repeated exposure to high temperatures, an individual turtle can tolerate heating more successfully.
Interphase, or the part of the cell cycle when cells are not actively dividing, is typically divided into three intervals: G1, S and G2. During each of these ink as reference, match the activity label with the interphase interval it occurs during. Cell size increases and ribosomes. RNA andother substances are produced. DNA replication (duplication)occurs. Organelles, microtubules are produced and chromosome coiling and condesation begins.
The three activities that are labeled with the interphase interval they occur in are 1. Cell size increases, 2. DNA replication takes place, and 3. Organelles divide.
What is DNA exactly?DNA, commonly known as deoxyribonucleic acid, is the actual molecule that contains the genetic information required for an organism to grow and function. The double helix, which itself is made up of two linked strands that loop each other to resemble a twisted ladder, is the shape of DNA.
Where is DNA and what is it?Deoxyribonucleic acid, also known as DNA, is a complex molecule that contains all the information necessary to create and maintain any life. Every living thing has DNA in its cells. In fact, practically every cell in a multicellular organism possesses the entire DNA sequence.
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what is the name given to the phenomenon in which some individuals with a particular genotype fail to display the corresponding phenotype? see section 4.2 (page 119
A specific geno-type with incomplete pene-trance will not show the associated phen-otype. Option (D) is correct .
What is a phenomena example?The definition of a pheno-menon is "observable occu-rrences that occur in a designed or natural system." We are surrounded by them all the time, although some are more obvious than others. Lightning, volc-anoes, tsun-amis, volcanic erupt-ions, torn-adoes, & similar events are typical examples of natural occurrences.
Do phenomena actually exist?In a technical environment, an occurrence is something that has seen to happen or happen. Simply said, it is a fact or occurrence that can be seen with the na-ked eye or via the use of instruments like micr-oscopes or telescopes. This definition of phenomena is different from how people often use the word.
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The correct question is given below:
What is the name given to the phenomenon in which some individuals with a particular genotype fail to display the corresponding phenotype?
A Variable expressivity
B Pleiotropy
C Recessive lethality
D Incomplete penetrance
A complete range of plant succession is called prisere.
True or False?
Answer: false
Explanation:
Which of the following statements is false for the class of biological molecules known as lipids? A) They are an important constituent of cell membranesB) They are hydrophobiC) They are soluble in waterD) They can be saturated or unsaturated
Lipids are a class of macromolecules that are hydrophobic or nonpolar by nature. Waxes, phospholipids, steroids, or fats and oils make up the major subcategories.
Lipids are what kind of biomolecules?The fundamental units of the composition and operation of living cells are lipid molecules, which are hydrocarbon-containing molecules. Lipids contain things like fats, oils, waxes, some vitamins (including A, D, E, and K), hormones, and the majority of a cell membrane that isn't protein.
Which may be considered a characteristic of lipid found in living membranes*?Amphipathic (or amphiphilic) lipid molecules, which feature polar hydrophilic and nonpolar hydrophobic ends, were exclusively discovered in cell membranes. The majority of the lipids in membranes are phospholipids. These have polar head groups, hydrocarbon tails, and hydrophobic interactions.
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when a species disperses to a new and uninhabited area and over time that the species develops into many new species to fill the many lifestyles now available in this new region.
When species disperses to a new and uninhabited area and over time that species develops into many new species to fill the many lifestyles available in this new region is called : adaptive radiation.
What is meant by adaptive radiation?In evolutionary biology, adaptive radiation is a process in which organisms diversify rapidly from ancestral species into a multitude of new forms, when change in the environment makes new resources available and alters biotic interactions or opens new environmental niches.
Adaptive radiation is said to be a rapid increase in the number of species with common ancestor, characterized by great ecological and morphological diversity and driving force behind it is the adaptation of organisms to the new ecological contexts.
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Which of the answers below best completes the following sentence:
Although free fatty acids form micelles, phospholipids and glycolipids form bimolecular sheets because...
a. the association of phospholipids is entropically driven
b. of the presence of two fatty acyl chains
c. water forms clathrate structures around fatty acid micelles
(b) Although free fatty acids form micelles, phospholipids and glycolipids form bimolecular sheets because of the presence of two fatty acyl chains.
The bilayer is held together by weak hydrophobic interactions between the tails. Hydrophilic / hydrophobic layers restrict the passage of many substances. Individual phospholipids can move within the bilayer, allowing for membrane fluidity and flexibility. Phospholipids assemble into bilayers spontaneously when introduced into aqueous environments. Their assembly is driven by the hydrophobic effect such that the lipids spontaneously arrange themselves in a manner that minimizes the hydrophobic surface area that is exposed to water. The hydrophilic regions of the phospholipids tend to form hydrogen bonds with water and other polar molecules on both the exterior and interior of the cell. Thus, the membrane surfaces that face the interior and exterior of the cell are hydrophilic.
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Identify the carriers of the gene associated with hemophilia. Explain your reasoning.
PLEASE HELP ASAP WILL GIVE 30 POINTS
Hemophilia is a genetic disorder which is an X-chromosomal recessive disorder.
What is Hemophilia?Hemophilia is a recessive genetic disorder in which the blood does not clot in the typical way because it does not have enough amount of blood-clotting proteins called as clotting factors. If a person have hemophilia, then he or she might bleed for a longer period of time after an injury than a person would if their blood clotted properly.
The abnormal gene which is responsible for hemophilia is carried on the X chromosome. Males have only one X chromosome and one Y chromosome. In a male, with the presence of the abnormal gene results in the deficiency or absence of the factor VIII or factor IX, as there is no other protective X to make factor VIII or IX which causes bleeding for longer periods.
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ADH ______. A) increases urine production. B) promotes dehydration. C) is produced in the adenohypophysis. D) is inhibited by alcohol.
The brain releases an anti-diuretic (ADH), which inhibits kidney water excretion and reduces urine production. The body generates less urine when Antidiuretic hormone levels are high.
What blocks ADH?Atrial natriuretic peptides (ANP), which would be released in stretched atria of response to rises in blood pressure, in addition to alcohol and some medicines, all impede the release of ADH.
What prevents the release of ADH?The findings suggest that norepinephrine reduces ADH release predominantly through changes in autonomic baroreflex tone rather than through a cells which leads or pressor impact of the catecholamine. The principal channel for other nonosmotic impacts on ADH release may also use this mechanism.
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suppose that a team of researchers sets out to characterize a population of meadow flowers. identify whether each researcher is collecting data regarding a genetic polymorphism, a polyphenism, or a quantitative trait.
A researcher can collect data about polyphenism, genetic genetic and quantitative.
The explanation is given below:
A researcher is collecting data on the flower color of the meadow flowers: This is a polyphenism.A researcher is collecting data on the presence of a gene that determines flower color in the meadow flowers: This is a genetic genetic.A researcher is collecting data on the height of the meadow flowers: This is a quantitative trait.Polyphenisms are traits that are influenced by environmental factors, while genetic polymorphisms are variations in a gene within a population. Quantitative traits are those that can be measured and vary continuously, such as height or weight.
By characterizing the population of meadow flowers, the researchers can gain insights into the genetic and environmental factors that shape the traits of the flowers, and how these traits vary within the population.
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These 4 phylogenetic trees depict the same evolutionary relationshipsAlso can you tell me do molecular and morphological evidence always unambiguously suggest a single correct the phylogenetic tree
Phylogenetic trees are diagrams that show the evolutionary relationships between different species or groups of organisms. The four trees in question may depict the same relationships but with different levels of detail, due to variations in the methodology used for constructing them.
Regarding the second part of your question, the use of molecular and morphological evidence for inferring phylogenetic relationships can lead to different results depending on the data analyzed, the methods used, and the assumptions made.
Therefore, it is not uncommon to find cases where different approaches generate conflicting or ambiguous results. Nonetheless, the use of multiple lines of evidence and the application of rigorous statistical tests can help increase the confidence in the proposed phylogenetic hypotheses.
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Which of these molecules in birds has a similar effect of 2,3-bpg on the o2 binding to hemoglobin? O inositol pentaphosphate O inositol hexaphosphate O inositol tetraphosphate O inositol triphosphate
The molecule in birds which has a similar effect to 2,3-bisphosphoglycerate (2,3-BPG) on the oxygen binding to hemoglobin in birds is inositol hexaphosphate (also known as phytic acid).
Like 2,3-BPG, inositol hexaphosphate binds to a site on the hemoglobin molecule and reduces its affinity for oxygen, which can enhance the delivery of oxygen to tissues with high metabolic demand, such as in birds during flight.
Inositol pentaphosphate, inositol tetraphosphate, and inositol triphosphate are also inositol phosphates, but they do not have that much significant effect on the oxygen binding to hemoglobin in the same way as 2,3-BPG and inositol hexaphosphate.
2,3-bisphosphoglycerate (2,3-BPG), also known as 2,3-diphosphoglycerate (2,3-DPG), is a small molecule that plays an important role in the regulation of oxygen transport in the body.
In red blood cells, 2,3-BPG binds to hemoglobin and reduces its affinity for oxygen, which allows oxygen to be more readily released to tissues in need. This is particularly important in tissues with low oxygen levels, such as during exercise or at high altitudes.
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fill in the blank. _____ performed trail-blazing split-brain studies.
Gustav Fritsch
Otfrid Foerster
Wilder Penfield
Michael Gazzaniga
The correct option is D ; Michael Gazzaniga ,Sperry and Gazzaniga tried to investigate the extent to which two parts of the human brain might work independently and whether or not they had different and unique talents in their experiment.
"The Split Brain in Man" published in Scientific American in 1967. Roger Sperry, a psychobiologist, established that humans have two minds. He discovered that the human brain has specific tasks on the right and left sides, and that the two sides may work almost independently.
When Gazzaniga and his colleagues flashed an image in front of a patient's right eye, the information was processed in the left side of the brain, and the split-brain patient was able to vocally describe the scene.
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Which of the following cellular transport processes requires the greatest expenditure of cellular energy?
active transport
The cellular transport process requires the greatest expenditure of cellular energy in active transport.
Thus, the correct answer is active transport.
Trаnsports like diffusion, fаcilitаted diffusion аnd osmosis do not require energy. Аctive trаnsports like phаgocytosis, exocytosis, require energy.
During аctive trаnsport, substаnces move аgаinst the concentrаtion grаdient, from аn аreа of low concentrаtion to аn аreа of high concentrаtion. This process is “аctive” becаuse it requires the use of energy (usuаlly in the form of АTP). It is the opposite of pаssive trаnsport. Аctive trаnsport requires аssistаnce from cаrrier proteins, which chаnge conformаtion when АTP hydrolysis occurs.
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Which of the following remedies for controlling a non-native species is the most complicated and potentially the most risky to an ecosystem?
A.) requiring ships to exchange ballast water before entering coastal waters of the United States
B.) asking people entering the United States whether they have fruits or vegetables with them
C.) introducing a non-native natural enemy for the non-native species
D.) checking for increased importation at U.S. borders
Option C, The following remedy for controlling a non-native species is the most complicated and potentially the most risky to an ecosystem: Introducing a non-native natural enemy for the non-native species.
Introducing a non-native natural enemy for a non-native species is a form of biological control, which involves the deliberate introduction of a natural enemy to control the population of the non-native species. While this approach may seem like a natural and effective way to manage invasive species, it can also have unintended and potentially harmful consequences. The natural enemy may not only target the invasive species, but also native species, which can disrupt the balance of the ecosystem and cause irreversible damage. This approach must be carefully evaluated and monitored to ensure that it is effective and does not cause further harm to the ecosystem.
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Please match the correct type of hypersensitivity reaction to the statement that best describes it to test your understanding of hypersensitivities.
Includes anaphylaxis—a systemic fatal reaction with airway obstruction and respiratory collapse
Involves complement-assisted lysis of cells coated with antibodies as seen in transfusion reactions
Immune complexes form and become lodged in blood vessel walls
T cell-mediated delayed hypersensitivity reactions including contact dermatitis and graft rejection reactions
The correct type of hypersensitivity reaction to the statement that best describes hypersensitivities:
Type I: Includes anaphylaxis—a systemic fatal reaction with airway obstruction and respiratory collapseType II: Involves complement-assisted lysis of cells coated with antibodies as seen in transfusion reactionsType III: Immune complexes form and become lodged in blood vessel wallsType IV: T cell-mediated delayed hypersensitivity reactions including contact dermatitis and graft rejection reactionsOur immune system plаys а cruciаl role in protecting our body аgаinst pаthogens, but sometimes there is аn exаggerаted response. This exаggerаted response is triggered by the interаction of the immune system with аn аntigen (аllergen) аnd is referred to аs hypersensitivity. Hypersensitivity reаctions аre clаssified into four types by Coombs аnd Gell.
The four types of hypersensitivity аre:
Type I: reаction mediаted by IgE аntibodiesType II: cytotoxic reаction mediаted by IgG or IgM аntibodiesType III: reаction mediаted by immune complexesType IV: delаyed reаction mediаted by cellulаr responseYour question is incomplete, but most probably your full question can be seen in the Attachment.
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Please match the type of extremophile with the description of its preferred environment to test your understanding of archaeal adaptations 1. halophile (Click to select) 2. hyperthermophile (Click to select) 3. methanogen (Click to select) 4 psychrophile Click to select) Please match the type of extremophile with the description of its preferred environment to test your understanding of archae adaptations 1. halophile (Click to select) 2. hyperthel 3. methanor (Click to select) 4. psychrop an organism that lives in an environment that contains high amounts of salt such as the Dead Sea an organism that lives in very cold conditions, including temperatures below freezing an organism that lives in extremely hot temperatures such as the hot springs of Yellowstone National Park an organism that lives in anaerobic environments and converts carbon dioxide and hydrogen into methane v Please match the following nutritional types with the statements that most accurately describe them, to test your understanding of the math categories of nutritional types among organisms. autotroph (Click to select) 2. heterotroj 3. chemotro (Click to select) 4.phototrop organism that gains energy from chemical compounds organism that gains energy through photosynthesis organism that must obtain its carbon in an organic form organism that uses inorganic carbon dioxide as its carbon source Which of the following strategies are used by parasitic helminths to ensure their survival? Check All That Apply larvae are resistant to heat and drying use of mouth glands to breach host tissues fertilized eggs are provided with a protective shell some worms carry millions of eggs in development mate and develop in the absence of a host Match the subspecialty of bioinformatics to its description metagenomics proteomics 3 metabolomics transcriptomics Match each of the options above to the tem below analysis of all RNA molecules in a cell analysis of all proteins in a cell analysis of all genomes in a particular ecological niche analysis of all small chemicals in a cell
first halophile - a type of organism that survives in salty environments, such as the Dead Sea.
Hyperthermophile, second
an organism that can endure temperatures as high as those found in Yellowstone National Park's hot springs.
No. 3 Methanogen
an organism that thrives in anaerobic conditions and produces methane from carbon dioxide and hydrogen.
4) Psychopath
an organism that can survive in extremely cold temperatures, including those below zero.
First, autotrophs
a living thing that obtains energy from photosynthesis.
Metagenomics: 1
Proteomics — 2
Metabolomics — 4
1. Transcriptomics
A compact, dense hydrophobic core, the predominance of smaller hydrogen-bonding amino acids, and increased multimerization are the general adaptations for archaeal and bacterial piezophiles [49–51]. Pyrococcus abyssi, a hyperthermophilic piezophile, is one instance of this.
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genotype-environment correlations occur because biological parents, who are genetically related to the child, provide a rearing environment for the child.
When the child's biological parents offer a nurturing environment, there are passive genotype-environment connections. Genetic and environmental relationships exist because a child's traits lead to particular surroundings.
The link between a kid's genotype, which he or she receives from both parents, with the environment in that the child is raised is known as passive genotype-environment correlation. The social environment's response to individuals based on their inherited traits is referred to as evocative genotype-environment correlation. One's disposition, such as whether they are more outgoing or introverted, will influence how others regard them. When there are variations in the exposure with environmental risk variables that are genetically driven, this phenomenon is known as gene-environment correlations (rGE). The idea of genetic environment correlation offers another viewpoint on how genes and environment interact.
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Forms of energy 1 There are many different forms of energy, including solar energy, chemical energy, and mechanical energy. For each description, decide which type of energy is being described and classify it accordingly. Answers are only used once. Energy obtained from the Sun Includes potential energy Used as fuel; provided by food eaten daily to support metabolic needs Ultimate source of energy for nearly every organism on this planet The energy of position or the position an object before it moves Energy stored in the bonds of carbohydrates, fats, and proteins Includes kinetic energy Solar Energy Chemical Energy Mechanical Energy Energy stored in the bonds of carbohydrates, fats, and proteins
Answer:
Energy obtained from the sun and ultimate source of energy for nearly every organism on the planet > solar energy
Used as fuel; provided by food eaten daily to support metabolic needs and energy stored in the bonds of carbohydrates, fats, and proteins > chemical energy
The energy of position or the position an object before it moves and includes kinetic energy and potential energy > Mechanical energy
which of the following is not a component of a PCR reaction? a. template genomic DNA b. DNA primers nucleotides c. template RNA
d. Taq polymerase
Template genomic DNA is not a component of a PCR reaction.
What are the steps of a PCR reaction?Polymerase chain reaction is a laboratory technique used to make multiple copies of a segment of DNA. PCR is very precise and can be used to amplify, or copy, a specific DNA target from a mixture of DNA molecules.
The majority of PCR methods rely on thermal cycling. Thermal cycling exposes reactants to repeated cycles of heating and cooling to permit different temperature-dependent reactions—specifically, DNA melting and enzyme-driven DNA replication.
PCR is based on three simple steps required for any DNA synthesis reaction: (1) denaturation of the template into single strands; (2) annealing of primers to each original strand for new strand synthesis; and (3) extension of the new DNA strands from the primers.
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match each description to the correct type of scientific study: discovery science or experimentation, as defined in the text.
If phosphorous is limiting to a species in an ecosystem and the amount of phosphorous is increased, what will happen to the population of that species? What will happen to the carrying capacity?
Assuming phosphorous as a species limiting factor, if the amount of the element in an ecosystem increases over the species' superior limit, it will not be able to survive in this environment. The carrying capacity will decrease.
What are limiting factors?
Limiting factors are environmental, biotic or abiotic conditions that act directly on populations and individuals, limiting their distribution and growth. These factors affect natality and mortality rate, migration, etcetera.
The tolerance range and carrying capacity depend on limiting factors.
Limiting factors might be
density-dependent ⇒ predation, competition, parasitism, etceteradensity-independent ⇒ human impact or natural disastersA species whose limiting factor is phosphorous will grow between its superior and inferior limits.
In the optimum zone, it will express the highest growth levelIn its physiological stress zone, there will be a lower number of individualsHowever, if the phosphorous level is over or below these limits, the species will be in its intolerance zone, and the population will not grow.
If the amount of phosphorous in an ecosystem is increased over the superior limit (intolerance zone), the species will not be able to survive in this environment. The carrying capacity will decrease.
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Parietal cells are the epithelial cells that secrete hydrochloric acid (found in gastric glands). The claim that gene regulation results in differential gene expression and influences cellular products is best supported by evidence in which of the following statements?
answer choices
Parietal cells possess transcriptional activators that are different from those of other cells.
Parietal cells and other cells use different RNA polymerase enzymes to transcribe DNA.
Parietal cells and other cells possess the same transcriptional activators.
Parietal cells and other cells possess different general transcription factors.
Parietal cells contain methylated DNA that promotes the production of acids.
The difference in general transcription factors between parietal cells and other cells is evidence that gene regulation results in differential gene expression and influences cellular products.
As per the question given,
The claim that gene regulation results in differential gene expression and influences cellular products is best supported by the statement that parietal cells and other cells possess different general transcription factors. Transcription factors are proteins that bind to specific DNA sequences to regulate the transcription of genes. General transcription factors are required for transcription initiation by RNA polymerase in all eukaryotes.
However, different cell types can have different levels of general transcription factors and other transcription factors, leading to differential gene expression and the production of different cellular products. In the case of parietal cells, they possess specific transcription factors that allow them to produce and secrete hydrochloric acid, which is not produced by other cells.
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Which of the following statements about the skin's role as barrier to infectious microorganisms is false?
The melanocytes, which are the pigment-producing cells, have the capacity to ingest microorganisms.
Normal body surface temperatures are generally cooler than the 37 degrees Celsius required for microorganism growth.
Both these statements about the skin's role as a barrier to infectious microorganisms are false.
Melanocytes produce a pigment molecule, melanin, and form a chemical obstacle against UV for the defense of the skin. Melanin is synthesized in the melanocyte-specific organelle melanosome. Melanocytes are localized in the basal coating of the human epidermis. But they can't ingest microorganisms. Normal human body temperature span is found in humans. The normal human body temperature range is generally started at 36.5 - 37.5°C. Human body temperature differs. These bacteria can thrive at temperatures between 5°C and 60°C, which is understood as the temperature danger zone.
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macromolecules are disassembled in ____ reactions.group of answer choiceshydrolysisdenaturationdehydration synthesis
Answer: hydrolysis
Explanation: