(1a) explain what happens in oxidation and reduction electrochemical reactions. (1b) what happens to the ions formed in the oxidation reaction?

The true ratio of atoms in a molecule or formula unit is called molecular formula

This is the simplest formula that shows the ratio of the different atoms present in a compound.

This is the formula of a compound which gives the true or actual ratios of the different atoms present in a compound

The molar mass of a compound is defined as the sum total of the molar masses of the different atoms present in the compound.

This gives the proportion of the different atoms present in a compound.

From the above definitions, we can conclude that the correct answer to the question is molecular formula

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The amount, in grams, of carbon tetrachloride that would be present, will be 22.99 grams.

For every one mole of any substance, there are 6.022 x [tex]10^{23}[/tex] atoms of particles. This is according to Avogadro.

Now, there are 9 x [tex]10^{22[/tex] particles in this particular carbon tetrachloride.

If 1 mole = 6.022 x [tex]10^{23}[/tex] particles

Then,

9 x [tex]10^{22[/tex] particles =  9 x [tex]10^{22[/tex] x 1/6.022 x [tex]10^{23}[/tex] particles

                       = 0.1495 moles

Carbon tetrachloride has the chemical formula CCl4 and has a molar mass of 153.82 g/mol.

Recall that: mole = mass/molar mass

Hence, mass = mole x molar mass.

Mass of 0.1495 moles CCl4 = 0.1495 x 153.82 = 22.99 grams

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At 55 mph, it takes about  228  feet to react to something you see and to bring the car to a complete stop.

It has taken as long as afootball field to stop your car at 55 mph ( 265 and 303 feet) and is assuming you were alert. If you drive at 55 mph on a dry , level pavement , your average stopping distance will be 265 feet . The stopping distance increases in the adverse conditions.

The car stops when both tire and the car have comes to a completely on rest point.

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The equation for ideal gas law is written as PV = nRT.

Ideal gas law states that, the volume of a given amount of gas is directly proportional to the number on moles of gas, directly proportional to the temperature and inversely proportional to the pressure.

PV = nRT

where;

Thus, the equation for ideal gas law is written as PV = nRT.

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Answer:

A edg

Explanation:

For a second order reaction, if (A)^-1 is plotted vs. time is straight line with k= slope of the line,Plot the inverse of concentration of a reactnt verus time.

Second order reaction defined as chemical reactions which is the sum of the exponents in the rate of law of the chemical reaction is equal to two.The such reaction is written as the - r=k(A)2 or r= k(A)(B).

Second  order reaction is a type of reaction which is depend on the concentrations of one second order or two first order reactants.Reaction proceeds at rate proportional to the square of the product of the concentration of one reactant, or the product of the concentrations of two reactant.

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Answer:

Radiation therapy is the use of high energy radiation to kill cancer cells.

Answer:

Radiation Therapy.

Explanation:

Also known as radiotherapy, it uses high-energy radiation to damage and/or kill cancer cells.

Considering the definition of radioisotope, a radioactive isotope is an isotope that contain an unstable combination of neutrons and protons, or excess energy in their nucleus.

An atomic species is defined by the number of protons in the nucleus (called the atomic number, Z) and the total number of protons plus neutrons (called the mass number, A).

Isotopes are those atoms of an element with the same atomic number but different atomic mass, that is, with the same number of protons and therefore identical chemical properties, but different numbers of neutrons and different physical properties.

Isotopes can be stable and unstable or radioisotopes.

So, a radioisotope is a chemical element whose nucleus is unstable, that is, in imbalance in the relationship between protons and neutrons. Due to this, this element releases the excess energy it contains in the form of ionizing radiation until this element reaches stability.

In summary, radioisotopes are the unstable form of an element that emits radiation to transform into a more stable form.

Finally, a radioactive isotope is an isotope that contain an unstable combination of neutrons and protons, or excess energy in their nucleus.

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Answer:

10.3 g Al

Explanation:

To find the excess mass of Al, you need to (1) convert grams I₂ to moles I₂  (via molar mass), then (2) convert moles I₂ to moles AlI₃ (via mole-to-mole ratio from equation coefficients), then (3) convert moles AlI₃ to grams AlI₃ (via molar mass). Now that you have the actual amount of AlI₃ produced, you need to (4) convert grams AlI₃ to moles AlI₃ (via molar mass), then (5) convert moles AlI₃ to moles Al (via mole-to-mole ratio from equation coefficients), and then (6) convert moles Al to grams Al (via molar mass). Now that you know the amount of Al actually needed to produce the product, you need to (7) find the excess mass of Al.

Molar Mass (Al): 26.982 g/mol

Molar Mass (I₂): 2(126.90 g/mol)

Molar Mass (I₂): 253.8 g/mol

Molar Mass (AlI₃): 26.982 g/mol + 3(126.90 g/mol)

Molar Mass (AlI₃): 407.682 g/mol

2 Al(s) + 3 I₂(g) -------> 2 AlI₃(g)

 113 g I₂           1 mole             2 moles AlI₃          407.682 g
-------------  x  ----------------  x  ----------------------  x  -------------------  =  121 g AlI₃
                       253.8 g             3 moles I₂               1 mole

121 g AlI₃           1 mole                2 moles Al           26.982 g
---------------  x  ------------------  x  ---------------------  x  -----------------  =  8.01 g Al
                        407.682 g          2 moles AlI₃           1 mole

Starting Amount - Mass Needed = Excess

18.3 g Al - 8.01 g Al = 10.3 g Al

Nuclear energy is harmful because it releases of harmful ionizing radiation and has been employed in the production of atomic bombs and hydrogen bombs.

Nuclear energy is beneficial in that it produces vast amount of energy for domestic and industrial purposes.

Nuclear energy refers to the energy which is produced as a result of the changes that occur in the nucleus of atoms of elements.

Nuclear energy produces the largest amount of energy when compared to other forms of energy sources.

Nuclear energy is produced by two types of nuclear reactions:

Nuclear energy is harmful in that it results in the release of harmful ionizing radiation which damages cells and tissues of living organisms.

Nuclear energy is also harmful because nuclear energy has been employed in the production of atomic bombs and hydrogen bombs.

On the other hand, nuclear energy is beneficial in that it produces vast amount of energy which can be used for domestic and industrial purposes. It also produces fewer wastes that damage the environment compared to fossil fuels.

In conclusion, nuclear energy is both beneficial and harmful.

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Answer:

electrical conduction

Explanation:

Answer: A solid form of matter in which there is long-range repeating order is called crystalline.

Explanation:

A solid is crystalline if it has long-range order. Once the positions of an atom and its neighbors are known at one point, the place of each atom is known precisely throughout the crystal.

The mass of 2.5 moles of NaCl is 146.25 g.

The mass of 2.5 moles of NaCl:

So, one mole of NaCl weighs 58.44 g. A 2.5 M solution is 2.5 moles per liter (Molarity is just the number of moles per liter). Therefore, 0.5 L would contain 1.25 mole. Hence, you would need 58.5×2.5 = 146.25 g

m(NaCl) = M×n

m(NaCl) = 58.5×2.5 = 146.25 g

The mass of 2.5 moles of NaCl is 146.25 g.

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The mass of NaCl is 146.25g .



Calculate the molar mass of NaCl ?

The Atomic mass of Na is 23g

Atomic mass of Cl is 35.5g

In the formula there is only one molecule of each element is present so,

Molar mass =23×1+35.5

. →58.5g/ mol

We have given ,

moles of NaCl →2.5 mol

molar mass of NaCl we have found earlier ,

58.5g/mol

No of moles = weight of NaCl /Mb

Mb represent molar mass ofNaCl

2.5=Wb/58.5

Weight of Nacl= 58.5×2.5

. →146.25g

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Insulating materials are composed of atoms with tightly bound outer electrons.

The material that stop the flow of Sound, Heat and Electricity by them are called Insulating Material. Insulator are the materials whose atoms have tightly bound outer electrons because electrons are not free to shared by neighboring atoms.

Examples: Glass, Plastic, Rubber, Air and Wood.

There are mainly three types of Insulating Material:

Thus from the above conclusion we can say that Insulating materials are composed of atoms with tightly bound outer electrons.

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Answer:

B.) Oxygen is usually -2

Explanation:

Hydrogen is usually +1.

A pure group 1 element is not always +1.

A monoatomic ion can be a range of numbers. However, it must be a charge other than 0.

a.

A substance's specific heat tells you how much heat is required to increase the temperature of 1 g of that substance by 1°C.

The equation that establishes a relationshop between heat and change in temperature is

q = m • c • ∆T, where

q - heat absorbed

c - the specific heat of the substance, in your case of water

ΔT - the change in temperature, defined as the difference between the final temperature and the initial temperature

so:

q = 1.00 g • 4.18 J/g×°C • (75.0 - 38.5)°C

q = 152,57 J

just apply this formula for all exercises

A. How many Joules of energy are required to raise 3.50kg of water from 38.5 to 75.0C ? (specific heat of water is 4.184J/g C)(1000g=1kg)

Answer:

q = 534,506 Joules

q = 534.506 KiloJoules

534.506 KiloJoules or 534,506 Joules energy required to raise 3.50kg of water from 38.5 to 75.0C

Sp. Heat is the heat required to increase the temperature of the 1 mass of a given substance by a  [tex]1^{0}[/tex] C temperature.

The formula of specific heat Cp = [tex]\frac{q}{m (∆T)}[/tex]

Where,

q = energy of substance (Joules / KiloJoules),

Cp = Specific heat capacity of the substance (J/Kg.C),

m = mass of the substance

∆T = Change in temp.

Explanation:

Given data from que: -

Mss of the water (m) = 3.50 Kg = 3.50 × 1000 gm = 3500 gm

specific heat capacity of water (Cp) = 4.184J/g C

Change in temp (∆T) = 75.0 - 38.5 = 36.5

now, put all above given data in formula

we get

Cp = [tex]\frac{q}{m (∆T)}[/tex]

q = Cp ×m×∆T

q = 4.184×3500×36.5

q = 534,506 Joules

q = 534.506 KJ

On oxidation of aldehydes produces carboxylic acid functional group.

The product of oxidation of aldehydes depends upon whether the reaction occur in acidic medium or alkaline condition.

If oxidation of aldehydes occurs under acidic condition the product is carboxylic acid but if oxidation of aldehydes occurs under alkaline condition then reduce as well as oxidized product obtained which is known as disproportional product.

The  oxidation of aldehydes occur through potassium dichromate, potassium permanganate or many more. The oxidation of aldehydes in the presence of base is known as cannizzaro's reaction.

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According to valence bond theory, 2s and 2p orbital of carbon atom will be formed pi bonding.

One of it's two fundamental theories created to use quantum mechanics to describe chemical bonding would be the valence bond theory, and molecular orbital theory.

Eight valence electrons should be used to generate two double bonds in the CS2 molecule. As a result, it uses up eight of the 16 valence electrons. These valence electrons are located in the carbon atom's 2s and 2p orbitals, where they join to create a double bond.

Therefore, according to valence bond theory, 2s and 2p orbital of carbon atom will be formed pi bonding.

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Chiral carbon refers to compounds with at least one carbon atom connected to four different groups, whereas Achiral carbon refers to molecules without a carbon atom bonded to four separate groups.

Chiral carbon centres are tetrahedrally positioned carbon atoms that have four distinct substituents bonded to them. The terms "stereogenic carbons" and "asymmetrical carbon atoms" are also used to describe chiral carbon atoms.

An achiral molecule lacks "handedness" and can be superimposed on its mirror copy (think of a baseball bat, which can be used with either hand)

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Based on the data below, the elements that the star contains is a combination of Hydrogen and Helium. (Option A)

It is to be noted that Hydrogen is a simple atom with a straightforward spectrum. Aside from the three lines seen above, another in blue at 410 nm may be visible.

However, Helium, on the other hand, is a little more complicated than hydrogen, with one yellow line and a number in blue.

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3 NADH + [tex]1FADH_{2}[/tex] + 1GTP (=ATP)  is used during Krebs Cycle in every  acetyl CoA

The pyruvate is important chemical compound in the biochemistry.The pyruvate is primary used as transporter of carbon atoms into the mitochondria and do complete oxidation of this  carbon atoms into carbon dioxide.

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The molecular formula of the compound is CaCO3.

The molecular formula is the formula of the compound that shows the number of atoms present in the molecule.

Now, we have that;

Ca - 40.00/40  C - 11.99/12   O - 48.01/16

Ca - 1   C - 1   O - 3

The empirical formula of the compound is CaCO3

Now;

[40 + 12 + 3(16)]n = 100.09

n = 100.09 /100

n = 1

Hence, the molecular formula of the compound is CaCO3.

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A molecule with the formula ab3 and a trigonal planar molecular geometry uses sp2 hybridization to form its σ bonds.

Trigonal hybridization is another name for sp2 hybridization. To create the new hybrid orbital known as sp2, one's orbital and two 'p' orbitals of equal energy are mixed together. Trigonal symmetry was used to generate a mixture of s and p orbitals, which are kept at 1200.

One s orbital and two p orbitals combine to generate three sp2 hybridizations, each of which has a 33 percent s character and a 67 percent p character. This process is known as sp2 hybridization. Anytime an atom is surrounded by three groups of electrons, this kind of sp2 hybridization is necessary.

Both the carbon and oxygen atoms are sp2 hybridized. The carbon atom can establish three bonds, one of which is to the oxygen, and possesses three sp2 hybridized orbitals.

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The hydrogen bonds between molecules of hydrogen peroxide loosen as temperature rises toward the optimal point, facilitating catalase's reaction with the molecules. The enzyme denatures and its structure is affected if the temperature rises above the ideal level.

The catalase is an enzyme that is responsible for reducing hydrogen peroxide.

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The hydrogen bonds between molecules of hydrogen peroxide loosen as temperature rises toward the optimal point, facilitating catalase's reaction with the molecules. The enzyme denatures and its structure is affected if the temperature rises above the ideal level.

The catalase is an enzyme that is responsible for reducing hydrogen peroxide.

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A primary election is the type of election in which candidates from the same party compete against one another to try to win the party's nomination.

A formal procedure of communal decision-making, an election that's how a population chooses a person or people to hold public office.

A general election would be one that takes place simultaneously throughout all constituencies, usually the day before or within a few days. When a member dies or resigns, elections may be conducted just for that constituency to replace the vacancy.

For positions with fixed terms, such as that of the president, governor, or legislator, primaries are frequently held. There are normally no special primaries for positions that could be replaced without holding a new election, including such a prime minister.

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Answer:

C₃H₈ has a higher boiling point than C₂H₆

Explanation:

The boiling point is the temperature at which the intermolecular bonds holding molecules in liquid form are overcome and change the state into a gas. C₃H₈ experiences stronger intermolecular bonds then C₂H₆ because it has more carbons. While the strength of each bond is the same between the two molecules, C₃H₈ has more opportunities to create these bonds due to the higher carbon count.  The more bountiful the intermolecular bonds, the more energy is needed to overcome them all. Thus, C₃H₈ has a higher boiling point.

the major product of the reaction is (2S,3R)-3-methoxy-3-methylpentan-2-ol.

Epoxy, epoxide, oxirane, and ethoxyline are all names for substances that contain the epoxide functional group. Oxides are a common name for simple epoxides. Consequently, ethylene oxide is the epoxide of ethylene (C2H4).

Reaction  and explanation.

In order to answer this question, we must draw the main product and the studio chemistry. Yeah. Therefore, we will begin by drawing the reactant, which is an oxide.

As with this structure. Therefore, C. S. is applied to this epoxy side. Three ohs and two hash marks. As a result, the oxygen will be presented with the lone pair on the initial stage. And after that, we will receive the prototype for a thirty-plus-year-old product. And everything else will proceed as usual, even this.

Now this bond will be severed, and three miners from O. C. S. will attack from the back, in which case we will receive the finished product as seen here.

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(2S,3R)-3-methoxy-3-methylpentan-2-ol is the reaction's main product. 

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Answer:

the atomic radius is larger as you go down the noble gas family